Bio-medical materials and engineering最新文献

{"title":"Influence of corrosion behavior of Ti-based PVD coatings on 316L SS for biomedical implants.","authors":"M Shunmuga Priyan, G Godwin","doi":"10.1177/09592989261485537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09592989261485537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background316L stainless steel (SS) is widely used in biomedical implant applications because of its excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. However, its long-term performance in physiological environments is limited by localized corrosion, ion release, and inadequate surface interactions with biological tissues. Surface modification using Ti-based physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the corrosion resistance and durability of implant materials.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of Ti-based PVD coatings, namely TiCoCr, TiN, and TiO₂, on the corrosion behavior of 316L SS under simulated physiological conditions.MethodsTiCoCr, TiN, and TiO₂ coatings were deposited onto 316L SS substrates using the PVD technique. The corrosion performance of the coated and uncoated samples was evaluated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Hanks' solution, and Ringer's solution at 37 °C. Electrochemical corrosion parameters, including corrosion potential and corrosion current density, were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of the coatings.ResultsAll Ti-based coatings improved the corrosion resistance of 316L SS compared with the uncoated substrate. Among the investigated coatings, the TiCoCr coating deposited for 90 min exhibited the best corrosion performance. In Ringer's solution, the coating showed a corrosion potential of -0.0504 V and a corrosion current density of 4.74 × 10^-6 A/cm². In Hanks' solution, the same coating demonstrated a corrosion potential of -0.1815 V and a corrosion current density of 5.0537 × 10^-6 A/cm². The enhanced corrosion resistance was attributed to the protective and stable nature of the Ti-based coating layer.ConclusionThe TiCoCr, TiN, and TiO₂ PVD coatings significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of 316L SS in simulated physiological environments. Among them, the TiCoCr coating demonstrated superior corrosion protection, indicating its strong potential for improving the long-term reliability and performance of biomedical implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"9592989261485537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of substrate temperature on mechanical and electrochemical properties of flame-sprayed coatings for Titanium implants.","authors":"Trong-Linh Nguyen, Tsung-Chieh Cheng","doi":"10.1177/09592989261476170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09592989261476170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundHydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on titanium (Ti) implants are widely studied owing to their biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. However, the effect of substrate temperature during flame spraying on coating performance remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study investigated the influence of substrate temperature on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrochemical behavior of flame-sprayed HA coatings on Ti implants.MethodsHA coatings were deposited on commercially pure Ti Grade 2 substrates by flame spraying at room temperature (RT) and 300 °C. The coatings were characterized by XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, and EDS. Surface roughness, adhesion strength, abrasion resistance, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were evaluated.ResultsSubstrate heating at 300 °C modified the crystalline phase composition and slightly increased the apparent HA crystallite size and crystalline peak index. The 300 °C coating exhibited a more compact surface morphology, higher adhesion strength, lower abrasion-induced mass loss, lower corrosion current density, and higher charge transfer resistance than the RT coating.ConclusionSubstrate heating at 300 °C improved the mechanical durability and corrosion resistance of flame-sprayed HA coatings, indicating its usefulness for enhancing Ti implant coating performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"9592989261476170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyaluronic acid nanoparticle as drug delivery carrier for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.","authors":"Chia-Wei Lin, Wen-Pin Hu, Wen-Yu Su","doi":"10.1177/09592989261474686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09592989261474686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAllergic conjunctivitis is an inflammatory disorder of the conjunctiva triggered by allergens. Although topical eye drops are widely used, their efficacy is limited by rapid precorneal clearance and low ocular bioavailability. Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanoparticles may prolong ocular residence time and improve drug delivery.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and evaluate chitosan- and polyethylenimine (PEI)-cross-linked HA nanoparticles to improve drug encapsulation efficiency and achieve sustained release of diclofenac sodium for allergic conjunctivitis.MethodsHA nanoparticles were prepared by EDC/sulfo-NHS-mediated cross-linking with chitosan or PEI. Nanoparticle properties were characterized by FTIR, ¹H-NMR, DLS, and HRTEM. Encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, and cytocompatibility in SIRC cells were evaluated.ResultsFTIR and ¹H-NMR analyses confirmed successful nanoparticle formation, cross-linking, and drug incorporation. H1P1-01DS exhibited a particle size of approximately 170 nm and a significantly higher encapsulation efficiency (82.0%) than the HA-chitosan formulations. Drug release followed a biphasic profile, with H1P1-01DS achieving approximately 90% cumulative release within 180 min, compared with 68-83% for HA-chitosan formulations. WST-1 assays demonstrated favorable cytocompatibility across all formulations, although cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner at higher concentrations.ConclusionThe HA-PEI nanoparticle formulation (H1P1-01DS) demonstrated sustained drug release, high encapsulation efficiency, and favorable biocompatibility, indicating its potential as a long-acting ocular drug delivery system for allergic conjunctivitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"9592989261474686"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Softwood nanocellulose-silver nanoparticle membranes for burn wound healing in rabbits.","authors":"Leticia G de Gutierrez, Francine C Claro, Washington L E Magalhães, Marcelo J C de Sá, Gabriel Goetten de Lima","doi":"10.1177/09592989261453731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09592989261453731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the efficacy of pinus sp. nanocellulose membranes, with and without silver nanoparticles, was evaluated in the treatment of experimental burns in rabbits. A total of twenty animals were used, each receiving three standardized dorsal burns of equal size, treated with either a simple dressing (negative control), a nanocellulose membrane without silver, or a nanocellulose membrane containing silver. Healing was monitored through macroscopic and microscopic analyses performed on days 3, 7, 14, and 30 after the induction of the burns. The findings demonstrated that nanocellulose membranes effectively promoted tissue repair and skin regeneration, with evidence of fibroblast activity, collagen deposition, and neovascularization throughout the healing process. The incorporation of silver nanoparticles showed potential to enhance early wound contraction, although all groups achieved complete re-epithelialization by the end of the experimental period. While the addition of silver may contribute to antimicrobial protection and early tissue response, further studies are required to confirm its role in accelerating the healing process and to better elucidate its mechanisms of action. Overall, pinus sp. nanocellulose membranes represent a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of burns, supporting their potential application in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"9592989261453731"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148668356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear behavior and material performance optimization of articular cartilage under cross-shear motion.","authors":"Xiang Li","doi":"10.1177/09592989261471950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09592989261471950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundWith population aging and an increase in sports injuries, articular cartilage wear has become increasingly severe, significantly impairing patients' quality of life. Cross-shear motion is a common loading pattern in daily joint activities, yet its effects on cartilage and counterpart materials remain insufficiently investigated.ObjectiveTo investigate the wear behavior and underlying mechanisms of articular cartilage under cross-shear motion, and to compare the wear resistance of different artificial joint materials, so as to propose material optimization strategies suitable for this motion pattern.MethodsFresh bovine knee femoral cartilage was used to simulate the human cartilage environment under various cross-shear conditions and loading regimes. Stepwise loading, microhardness testing, cartilage compression deformation measurements, and surface wettability tests were performed to systematically analyze the tribological characteristics and wear mechanisms of each material. The evaluated materials included CoCrMo, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK).ResultsCross-shear motion significantly increased wear in all materials. CoCrMo exhibited the largest increase (ΔK = 230.51 ± 25.67%), while PEEK showed the smallest increase in wear rate (138.37%). No significant linear correlation was found between material hardness and cross-shear wear rate (r = -0.32, p > 0.05). In terms of dynamic wettability, PEEK performed best, with a hysteresis angle 38.46% lower than that of natural cartilage, and its energy dissipation parameters were close to those of natural cartilage, indicating the best cartilage compatibility.ConclusionUnder cross-shear conditions, PEEK demonstrates the best overall wear resistance and biomechanical compatibility, suggesting its potential as a promising material for joint repair. The wear mechanisms revealed in this study provide experimental evidence and reference for performance optimization and clinical selection of artificial joint materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"9592989261471950"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the rapid detection of lactate.","authors":"Backiyalakshmi Gnanasekaran, Snekhalatha Umapathy","doi":"10.1177/09592989261464301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09592989261464301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundLactate is an important biomarker for monitoring metabolic conditions and is widely used as an indicator in clinical diagnostics. It plays a critical role in the early diagnosis and monitoring of neonatal sepsis, where elevated lactate levels indicate tissue hypoxia and metabolic imbalance. Conventional detection methods often involve enzymatic systems, which may suffer from stability and reproducibility issues.ObjectiveThis study aims to develop a reagent-free, non-enzymatic molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the selective detection of lactate.MethodsA screen-printed electrode (SPE) was modified with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) via electrodeposition. A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layer was fabricated through electropolymerization of 3-aminophenylboronic acid (3-APBA) in the presence of lactic acid as the template. The stepwise fabrication, including template removal and rebinding, was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Sensor performance was evaluated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).ResultsThe sensor exhibited a linear response to lactate over the range of 0.05 µM to 6.0 mM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.361 µM. The MIP sensor demonstrated high selectivity against common interfering species, including glucose, urea, ascorbic acid, and acetic acid, along with good reproducibility and stability.ConclusionThe developed reagent-free, non-enzymatic MIP-based sensor provides a simple and effective platform for selective lactate detection, with potential applicability to clinical monitoring, following further validation on real samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"9592989261464301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dentin extract without demineralization on migration and angiogenic potential of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.","authors":"Wei Zu, Xiangwen Zhou, Qingsong Jiang","doi":"10.1177/09592989261433382","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09592989261433382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bone grafts are commonly employed for the reconstruction of bone defects, and dentin has been reported as a promising bone graft material that supports early graft vascularization. However, clinical applications typically involve a prolonged demineralization process prior to the use of dentin samples.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This <i>in vitro</i> study aimed to evaluate the biological properties of dentin samples without demineralization procedure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dentin extract (DE) was obtained by mechanically crushing dentin samples, dissolving and filtering the mixture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was first performed to identify cytokines released from DE, revealing that TGF-β was notably enriched. Subsequently, cell viability, wound healing, and tube formation assays were conducted to assess the effects of DE on cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenic potential in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>in vitro</i> results demonstrated that DE significantly enhanced HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation capabilities. These effects were markedly attenuated by treatment with the Notch pathway inhibitor DAPT and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor N-Desethyl Sunitinib. RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses further revealed that DAPT and N-Desethyl Sunitinib, downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of markers associated with cell migration and angiogenesis signaling pathways, and these effects were significantly reversed by treatment of DE without demineralization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, this study demonstrates that DE, without demineralization, promotes cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in HUVECs via the Notch and VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathways. These findings suggest that dentin, without the need for demineralization, could serve as a viable alternative to conventional bone graft materials, offering a more streamlined process for regenerative surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of thermal expansion coefficient of melanin for photoacoustic technology.","authors":"Yang Liu, Zeyang Li, Liushuan Niu, Bin Chen, Dong Li, Qiang Li","doi":"10.1177/09592989261423308","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09592989261423308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photoacoustic technology can non-invasively obtain the temperature and pressure of tissues, holding great promise for applications in the laser thermal ablation of pigmented skin diseases. The coefficient of thermal expansion is the primary source of temperature sensitivity in photoacoustic technology. In this paper, a non-contact full-field strain measurement system based on temperature-variable three-dimensional digital image correlation is used to measure the variation of the thermal expansion coefficient of melanin in the retinal pigment epithelium layer of porcine eyes. It is found that the thermal strain of melanin exhibits non-uniformity and nonlinear increase in radial Angle and circular domain. Before the glass-transition temperature (49°C), the average coefficients of thermal expansion for concentric circular regions and different radial directions are 4.14 × 10^-4 K^-1 and 3.82 × 10^-4 K^-1, respectively. Approximating the thermal expansion coefficient of melanin with that of graphite leads to a large error, with a difference of two orders of magnitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"169-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly for fabricating morphology-controlled hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite with enhanced osteogenic performance.","authors":"Satsuki Tanaka, Kosuke Nozaki, Kimihiro Yamashita, Yuki Nakano, Kazuaki Hashimoto, Shiho Otake, Noriyuki Wakabayashi","doi":"10.1177/09592989261419887","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09592989261419887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundYttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) represents a promising alternative to titanium for dental and orthopedic implants owing to its mechanical strength and esthetics. However, its bioinertness limits osteoconductivity. Although hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings can enhance osteointegration, uniform deposition of morphology-controlled HAp on YSZ remains challenging to achieve, limiting implant optimization.ObjectivesThis study was aimed at the uniform deposition of morphology-controlled HAp on YSZ using electrostatic layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly to improve biological performance.MethodsPlate-like HAp was hydrothermally synthesized using dodecanedioic acid and surface-modified with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). YSZ discs were similarly charge-modified to enable electrostatic adsorption of HAp. Samples were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and wettability tests. Osteogenic responses were assessed using MC3T3-E1 cells through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red S staining.ResultsNegatively charged HAp was uniformly deposited on positively charged YSZ, forming a homogeneous coating. Characterization confirmed successful HAp deposition and improved hydrophilicity. HAp/YSZ composites enhanced osteogenic differentiation, exhibiting higher ALP activity and greater calcium deposition than YSZ.ConclusionLBL-mediated deposition of morphology-controlled HAp enables uniform coating and enhanced osteogenic activity on YSZ, facilitating advances in next-generation bioactive zirconia implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"131-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146177732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of chitosan-selenium nanoparticle modified brushite cement: A potential strategy for improved clinical performance in bone regeneration.","authors":"Bilal Zaman Babar, Muhammad Adnan Khan, Saad Liaqat, Adnan Khan, Saeed Ur Rahman, Sandleen Feroz, Nawshad Muhammad","doi":"10.1177/09592989261420547","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09592989261420547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThe popularity of brushite cement (BrC) in bone regeneration is related to its biocompatibility and favorable resorption properties. Nevertheless, it has poor clinical performance due to quick settling, lack of mechanical strength, and anti-bacterial activity. This paper offered the research on the impact of adding chitosan-selenium nanoparticles (CS-SeNPs) into BrC to improve its mechanical, physical, and biological characteristics.MethodsCS-SeNPs were added to BrC at 1 and 2 wt.% concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the modified materials. Physical and mechanical properties were evaluated through mass-loss investigations, setting time, and mechanical properties, shear bond strength [SBS], diametral compressive strength [DCS] and biaxial flexural strength [BFS]. The antibacterial activity, and cytocompatibility were also tested.ResultsThe use of CS-SeNPs enhanced BrC crystallinity, mechanical strength and antibacterial activities. SBS, DCS as well as BFS improved considerably with nanoparticles inclusion. The highest mass loss was observed at 1 wt.% CS-SeNP after 48 h and the setting times were longer in comparison with the control. The zone of inhibition and decrease in optical density were seen significant in 1 wt.% group, which indicates superior antibacterial activity. The biocompatibility tests showed moderate cytotoxicity at the higher concentrations.ConclusionThe use of up to 2 wt.% CS-SeNPs increases the structural, mechanical, and antibacterial behavior of brushite cement considerably without deteriorating its fundamental features. This engineered formulations promises to be applied in the regeneration of bones that need a greater mechanical strength and antimicrobial coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":9109,"journal":{"name":"Bio-medical materials and engineering","volume":" ","pages":"144-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146212201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}