Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"Progressive hippocampal senescence and persistent memory deficits in traumatic brain Injury: A role of delayed testosterone","authors":"Jacob E. Exline ,&nbsp;Michael Volyanyuk ,&nbsp;Krista M. Lotesto ,&nbsp;Arthur B. Segismundo ,&nbsp;Susanna C. Byram ,&nbsp;Eileen M. Foecking","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellular senescence is a stable, pro-inflammatory cell cycle arrest that has been recently implicated in the persistent memory deficits experienced with repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI). Testosterone (T) treatment immediately following traumatic brain injury (TBI) mitigates cognitive deficits and cellular dysfunction known to induce cellular senescence. However, it has yet to be elucidated whether the therapeutic window for T treatment can be extended to a subacute time post-injury. This study examined the progression of hippocampal cellular senescence after rmTBI and evaluated the effects of subacute T on persistent memory deficits and cellular senescence post-injury. Changes in senescence-associated markers in the hippocampus were quantified at 5- and 9-weeks post-injury (WPI). An age-independent progressive increase in senescence-associated gene expression was observed for <em>Cdkn2a</em>, <em>Cdkn1a,</em> and p53 protein levels, along with a decrease in <em>Sirt1</em> gene expression. Acute and persistent cognitive deficits were observed in the rmTBI rats as compared to sham rats. Serum T levels were significantly decreased at 4 WPI. Testosterone administration at 5 WPI ameliorated these persistent memory deficits. Moreover, subacute T treatment reduced rmTBI-induced levels of <em>Cdkn2a</em> 4 weeks post-treatment. This study indicates that rmTBI results in a progressive cellular senescence pathology that may contribute to the underlying mechanisms of persistent cognitive symptoms. Therapeutically targeting cellular senescence within this extended temporal window holds implications for patients dealing with the chronic cognitive ramifications of rmTBI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1857 ","pages":"Article 149611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemispheric asymmetry in language-related brain regions","authors":"Daniel Panszczyk ,&nbsp;Caitlin Dale ,&nbsp;Florian Kurth ,&nbsp;Eileen Luders","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structural asymmetries of the human brain have been widely studied in previous research. However, there is a lack of consistency across studies in terms of whether brain regions are larger in the left hemisphere than the right (leftward asymmetry), larger in the right hemisphere than the left (rightward asymmetry), or similar in both hemispheres (no asymmetry). Moreover, some of the existing studies exploring brain asymmetry were based on only small sample sizes and/or restricted to younger participants. Thus, here we analysed brain asymmetry in a well-powered sample (n = 532) later in life (mean age: 67 years). Given that language is known to be strongly lateralized in the brain, the current study focused on regions related to language. When assessing cortical volumes and surface areas, we observed significant leftward asymmetries for the superior temporal gyrus, superior temporal sulcus, supramarginal gyrus, pars opercularis, transverse gyrus, and temporal gyrus, whereas the pars triangularis showed a significant rightward asymmetry. In contrast, when assessing cortical thickness, we detected a significant leftward asymmetry for the pars triangularis and a significant rightward asymmetry for the superior temporal sulcus. The present observations on asymmetry in language-related brain regions in a large sample of older but neurologically healthy participants may serve as a normative framework against which data from clinical samples can be compared.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1857 ","pages":"Article 149606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroid plexus enlargement in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and concept proposal for noninvasive volume-reductive therapies","authors":"Siddhant S. Dhawan ,&nbsp;Lotfi Hacein-Bey ,&nbsp;Tarik F. Massoud","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Aberrant CSF dynamics in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) are associated with excessive CSF volume and impaired resorption. Yet, the role of choroid plexus (CP) size in development and progression of iNPH remains unknown. Moreover, newer noninvasive CP-targeted volume-reductive treatments for iNPH might benefit selected vulnerable patients to avoid problematic long-term ventricular shunting. However, there are no studies to date that describe CP size in iNPH patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively studied brain 3T MRIs for 50 iNPH patients and 50 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). We delineated areas and volumes of lateral ventricular CPs, then statistically compared both cohorts, with significance set at <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In iNPH patients, CP volume (1.58-fold) alone, CP volume normalized to total intracranial volume (1.75-fold), and CP areas at four different locations and their combined values (1.24-fold) were highly significantly larger (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.000) in iNPH patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The novel finding of CP enlargement in iNPH should guide and support future investigations into potentially interrelated pathogenetic mechanisms. It also benefits considerations of new noninvasive targeted therapies (such as MR-guided high intensity focused ultrasound, and radiosurgery) to partially ablate CP and reduce its CSF secretion as a conceivable alternative to conventional ventricular shunting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1857 ","pages":"Article 149593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear translocation of the LINE-1 encoded ORF1 protein alters nuclear envelope integrity in human neurons","authors":"Rania Znaidi ,&nbsp;Olivia Massiani-Beaudoin ,&nbsp;Philippe Mailly ,&nbsp;Héloïse Monnet ,&nbsp;Tom Bonnifet ,&nbsp;The Brainbank Neuro- CEB Neuropathology Network ,&nbsp;Rajiv L. Joshi ,&nbsp;Julia Fuchs","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LINE-1 retrotransposons are increasingly implicated in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, yet the precise pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. While the endonuclease and reverse transcriptase activities of LINE-1-encoded ORF2p can induce DNA damage and inflammation, a role of LINE-1 ORF1p in cellular dysfunctions stays unassigned. Here we demonstrate, using a neuronal cellular model, that ORF1p translocates into the nucleus upon arsenite-induced stress, directly interacting with nuclear import (KPNB1), nuclear pore complex (NUP153), and nuclear lamina (Lamin B1) proteins. Nuclear translocation of ORF1p disrupts nuclear integrity, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and heterochromatin structure, features linked to neurodegeneration and aging. Elevated nuclear ORF1p levels induced either by arsenite-induced stress, ORF1p overexpression, or as observed in Parkinson’s disease post-mortem brain tissues correlate with impaired nuclear envelope (NE) morphology. Stress-induced nuclear alterations are mitigated by blocking ORF1p nuclear import or with the anti-aging drug remodelin. This study thus reveals a pathogenic action of nuclear ORF1p in human neurons driving NE alterations and thereby contributing to LINE-1-mediated cell toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1857 ","pages":"Article 149579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age differences in prefrontal cortex activity during dual-task tandem gait: An fNIRS study","authors":"Soo-Yong Park,&nbsp;Nadja Schott","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tandem Gait (TG) under dual-task (DT) conditions may facilitate the investigation of important aspects of dynamic balance and mobility, particularly concerning pathological motor and cognitive aging processes. Our study aims to identify age-related differences in behavioral and neural changes caused by interference during dual-task while TG. 20 young (YA, age 21.3 ± 1.86) and 12 middle-aged adults (MA, age 55.3 ± 3.81) had to perform TG cognitive tasks ((a) recite the alphabet backward, (b) recite numbers and letters alternately (oral TMT-B), and (c) count backward from a given 3-digit number in steps of 3), and DT (TG + cognitive tasks) for 30 s each. The cortical activation of the frontal lobe was recorded using an 8 sources × 8 detectors fNIRS system. On the behavioral data, MA displayed a notably reduced number of accurate motor responses compared to YA, though their cognitive responses remained comparable. From a neural perspective, the linear mixed model revealed significant task- and group-related interaction effects only in the left dorsal lateral PFC. Compared to YA, the MA showed lower activation over time during DT, which can be attributed to the limitation of neural resources in the frontal lobe. This downregulation may be due to overload, indicating that MA are approaching their neural resources’ capacity limit, particularly when confronted with complex motor task demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1856 ","pages":"Article 149603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Limb remote ischemic post-conditioning mitigates brain recovery in a mouse model of ischemic stroke by regulating reactive astrocytic plasticity” [Brain Res. 1686 (2018) 94–100]","authors":"Xue Cheng ,&nbsp;Haiping Zhao ,&nbsp;Feng Yan ,&nbsp;Zhen Tao ,&nbsp;Rongliang Wang ,&nbsp;Ziping Han ,&nbsp;Guangwen Li ,&nbsp;Yumin Luo ,&nbsp;Xunming Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149588","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1855 ","pages":"Article 149588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic pathways of amyloid precursor protein processing in oligodendrocytes","authors":"Misaki Hida ,&nbsp;Ken Yasuda ,&nbsp;Masaru Toyokawa ,&nbsp;Megumi Asada-Utsugi ,&nbsp;Shintaro Toda ,&nbsp;Narufumi Yanagida ,&nbsp;Ryosuke Takahashi ,&nbsp;Ayae Kinoshita ,&nbsp;Takakuni Maki","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive accumulation of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) species in the brain is a major pathological process triggering neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent studies indicate that both neurons and glial cells, including oligodendrocyte lineages (OLs), contribute to brain homeostasis and affect AD pathology; however, the roles of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes (OLGs) in AD remain to be fully elucidated. This study examined Aβ production and related protein expression in primary cultured OLs. Primary cultured OLs produced Aβ40 and Aβ42 and expressed amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase (PS1) as well as α-secretase (ADAM10). OLGs express APP770 in addition to APP695. Treatment with a γ-secretase inhibitor reduced Aβ40 and Aβ42 production levels derived from OPCs/OLGs and suppressed OPC differentiation. Additionally, conditioned media from OLGs improved neuronal cell viability under oxidative stress and contained higher levels of sAPPα compared to OPCs. The neuroprotective effect of OLG was diminished by a sAPPα inhibitor, suggesting that OLG-derived sAPPα protects neurons under oxidative stress. These findings revealed that OLs produce pathogenic Aβ40/42 via the amyloidogenic pathway and secrete neuroprotective sAPPα via the non-amyloidogenic pathway. Elucidating the pathological shift from beneficial non-amyloidogenic to harmful amyloidogenic processes in OLs during AD onset and progression would provide crucial insights into novel therapeutic approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1855 ","pages":"Article 149601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction in [18F]Nifene Binding, a PET imaging Probe for α4β2* Nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors in Hippocampus-Subiculum of postmortem human Alzheimer’s disease brain","authors":"Fariha Karim ,&nbsp;Allyson Ngo ,&nbsp;Tram B. Danh ,&nbsp;Brooke A. Delaney ,&nbsp;Christopher Liang ,&nbsp;Geidy E. Serrano ,&nbsp;Thomas G. Beach ,&nbsp;Jogeshwar Mukherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptors (nAChRs), including the α4β2* subtype are involved in cognition, learning and memory and may be adversely affected in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In our efforts to consider translational use of [¹⁸F]nifene PET in AD, we report quantitative autoradiographic evaluation of α4β2* nAChRs using hippocampus-subiculum (HP-SUB) from cognitively normal (CN) and AD subjects. Brain slices were incubated in [¹⁸F]nifene for α4β2* nAChRs and adjacent sections were tested with [¹⁸F]flotaza for Aβ plaques and [¹²⁵I]IPPI for tau. Anti-Aβ and anti-tau immunostaining were carried out on adjacent slices. Regions of interest were drawn and binding of [¹⁸F]nifene, [¹⁸F]flotaza and [¹²⁵I]IPPI were quantified.<!--> <!-->All CN subjects exhibited significant [¹⁸F]nifene binding in the HP-SUB regions. Average [¹⁸F]nifene ratios of SUB to HP was 1.9, suggesting higher α4β2* nAChRs in the SUB versus HP regions. [¹⁸F]nifene binding did not change with aging in the female subjects, while the male subjects exhibited a weak positive correlation. There was a significant decrease in the binding of [¹⁸F]nifene in AD subjects compared to CN. Braak stage comparisons showed a decrease of [¹⁸F]nifene in stages V and VI, while [¹⁸F]flotaza and [¹²⁵I]IPPI increased significantly. A negative correlation was observed between [¹⁸F]nifene vs [¹⁸F]flotaza and [¹⁸F]nifene vs [¹²⁵I]IPPI across Braak stages I-VI. These findings suggest that α4β2* nAChR availability was effectively measured by [¹⁸F]nifene in the HP-SUB and was adversely affected by the presence of Aβ plaques and tau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1857 ","pages":"Article 149600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-related gene expression in the posterodorsal medial amygdala of cycling female rats along with prolactin modulation of lordosis behavior","authors":"Letícia Bühler ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina de Moura ,&nbsp;Márcia Giovenardi ,&nbsp;Vincent Goffin ,&nbsp;Alberto A. Rasia-Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rat posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) is sexually dimorphic, has a high concentration of receptors for gonadal hormones and prolactin (PRL), and modulates reproduction. To unravel genetic and functional data for this relevant node of the social behavior network, we studied the expression of <em>ERα, ERβ, GPER1, Kiss1, Kiss1R, PRGR, PRL, PRLR, EGR1, JAK2, STAT5A,</em> and <em>STAT5B</em> in the MePD of males and females along the estrous cycle using the RT-qPCR technique. We also investigated whether PRL in the MePD would affect the sexual behavior display of proestrus females by microinjecting saline, the PRL receptor antagonist Del1-9-G129R-hPRL (1 µM and 10 µM), or PRL (1 nM) and Del1-9-G129R-hPRL (10 µM) 3 h before the onset of the dark-cycle period. The estrogen-dependent lordosis behavior, indicative of sexual receptivity of proestrus females, was recorded and compared before (control) and after (test) microinjections in these groups. Sex differences were found in the right and left MePD gene expression. <em>ERα</em> and <em>Kiss1R,</em> as well as <em>PRL, Short PRLR</em>, and <em>STAT5B</em> expression is higher in cycling females than males. <em>Kiss1</em> expression is higher in males than females, and <em>GPER1</em> is higher during diestrus than proestrus. Furthermore, Del1-9-G129R-hPRL in the MePD significantly reduced the full display and quotient of lordosis in proestrus females, an effect restored by the co-microinjection of PRL. In conjunction, the expression of studied genes showed specific sex and estrous cycle phase features, and PRL action in the MePD plays an essential role in the display of lordosis during the ovulatory period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1857 ","pages":"Article 149602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics and pregabalin combination prevented ictogenesis, neurobehavioral abnormalities and neurodegeneration in pentylenetetrazole kindling model of epilepsy","authors":"Muhammad Hussain Ali ,&nbsp;Zain Raza ,&nbsp;Zohabia Rehman ,&nbsp;Waseem Ashraf ,&nbsp;Syed Muhammad Muneeb Anjum ,&nbsp;Tanveer Ahmad ,&nbsp;Faleh Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Imran Imran","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) has emerged as a critical frontier in understanding neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Microbial disequilibrium potentially alters brain homeostasis and could potentiate an inflammatory state linking intestinal dysbiosis and intractable seizures. The current study sought to probe the anti-kindling, electrographical, behavioral and neuropathological impacts of combined intervention of probiotics (PRO; 10 ml/kg) and pregabalin (PRG; 10 mg/kg) in PTZ-induced epileptic mice for 21 days. Adult BALB/c mice were kindled via subthreshold dose of (PTZ 40 mg/kg) until mice reached seizure stage of 4–5. After the procedure, mice were tested using a set of behavioral tests, and redox alterations along with cellular pathology were assessed. vEEG monitoring revealed that kindling instigated recurrent polyspikes of high amplitude with generalized epileptic seizures which were markedly impeded in the mice treated with dual regime suggesting potential preventive impact of probiotic therapy on neuronal hyperexcitability. Additionally, combination intervention exerted positive behavioral outcomes as it ameliorated anxiety and depressive-like phenotypes along with cognitive impairments (P &lt; 0.05) vs. PTZ control. Moreover, probiotic and pregabalin therapy incurred gut-microbiota antioxidant neuroprotection and prevented morbid neurodegeneration as evidenced by decreased production of oxidative stressors (MDA and AchE; p &lt; 0.01) and increase in activity of antioxidant factors (SOD; P &lt; 0.01 and CAT; P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, these commensal species and PRG duo regulates inflammation and halted neuronal apoptosis in CA1 and CA3 subfields of the cornu-ammonis. Overall, our findings support probiotics as an adjuvant therapy to shift treatment paradigms in drug-resistant epilepsy by altering gut-microbiome pathological neural links.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1855 ","pages":"Article 149597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}