Brain ResearchPub Date : 2025-03-23DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149596
Jiayu Zhou , Ting Gao , Wan Tang , Ziming Wang , Ling Zhao , Laishuan Wang
{"title":"Cyclophilin D knockdown/knockout promotes microglia M2 polarization by inhibiting STAT1 to alleviate neuroinflammation in neonatal white matter injury","authors":"Jiayu Zhou , Ting Gao , Wan Tang , Ziming Wang , Ling Zhao , Laishuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The activation of microglia cells is intimately associated with the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation and neonatal white matter injury (WMI). Cyclophilin D (CypD), a matrix cyclophilin, is known to be one of the important regulators of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Currently, CypD has been discovered the function of regulating inflammation. However, its impact on microglia in the context of neonatal WMI remains unclear. In our study, CypD inhibition ameliorated microglia activation, decreased pro-inflammatory factor levels, and increased anti-inflammatory factor levels in both neonatal WMI mice and oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced BV2 microglial cells. CypD knockout promoted myelination and rescued neurological function in mice following hypoxic-ischemic injury. In addition, CypD knockdown alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction of BV2 microglial cells. RNA-Seq indicated that CypD inhibition downregulated STAT1. Western blotting results verified that CypD inhibition significantly downregulated the phosphorylation level of STAT1. Our research revealed the protective role of CypD inhibition in neuroinflammation and mitochondrial function of microglia. Targeting CypD expression in microglia may be a potential therapeutic option for neonatal WMI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1856 ","pages":"Article 149596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review on the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks involved in inflammatory processes in Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Masoumeh Kazemi , Mahla Sanati , Mahmoud Shekari Khaniani , Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that is the most frequent reason for dementia. Due to the increasing trend of aging in societies, it will place a large social and financial burden on society. Although beta amyloid plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles are mentioned as the main events in this disorder, the exact molecular pathology and inflammatory regulatory networks involved in neuroinflammatory events, as a fundamental pathogenic mechanism remain unknown. Understanding these molecular network pathways in addition to helping to understand the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, can also help in the early diagnosis as well as the control of inflammatory processes that are involved in its progression. So, in this study, we intend to have an overview on the regulatory lncRNAs of Alzheimer’s disease and their related miRNA and mRNAs, as well as the relationship of these regulatory pathways with inflammatory processes, so that we can provide a perspective for future studies in the field of diagnosis and possibly treatment of this disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1856 ","pages":"Article 149595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain ResearchPub Date : 2025-03-22DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149577
Yan Sun , Guiqing Zhao , Yijin Wang , Fan Lan
{"title":"Temporal brain network analysis of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression based on dynamic functional connectivity","authors":"Yan Sun , Guiqing Zhao , Yijin Wang , Fan Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functional brain networks must undergo dynamic reorganization within brief time intervals to effectively process and respond to affective stimuli. The traditional static network method only could reflect the whole brain activity on an independent time scale. Based on the emerging temporal brain network analysis framework, the current study explored the difference between cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in the reorganization of dynamic functional connectivity. Temporal brain network in the gamma band was estimated using the sliding window method and the phase lag index to quantitatively compare the differences between cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The results showed that the regulative effect of cognitive reappraisal was better than that of negative viewing and expressive suppression. In the global temporal brain networks, temporal clustering coefficients of cognitive reappraisal was increased compared with expressive suppression. The frontal and parietal lobes were essential for the process of emotion regulation, and the difference of nodal temporal betweenness centrality between the two strategies was mainly concentrated in the frontal and parietal lobes. The spatiotemporal topological network of dynamic functional connectivity for cognitive reappraisal was significantly segregated, and the frontal and parietal lobes region revealed the different performance of the two strategies at the nodal level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1856 ","pages":"Article 149577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain ResearchPub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149594
Jiachen He , Qi Liu , Jiaqi Guo , Di Wu , Yansu Guo
{"title":"Circulatory factors in stroke protection and recovery","authors":"Jiachen He , Qi Liu , Jiaqi Guo , Di Wu , Yansu Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decade, the management of acute ischemic stroke has undergone a paradigm shift, especially a longer time-window and a wider indication for endovascular treatments. However, many patients still have long-term dysfunction despite the best medical care at present. Based on findings from innovative proteomic and transcriptomic technologies, researchers have identified an array of novel or previously underappreciated circulatory factors that play pivotal roles in mediating post-injuries brain communication. Thus, the previous concept of the brain as a privileged compartment isolated from the rest of the body has been replaced by the novel consensus that brain bidirectionally interacts with the other organs after brain diseases. In this review, we make a summary of several axes that connect the brain with the rest of the body after stroke. More importantly, we summarize several circulatory factors that play pivotal roles in fostering post-stroke functional recovery in the chronic stage. Special attention is given to the instrumental role of circulatory signals, positing them as significant contributors to the complex process of brain function recovery and as translational therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke in future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1855 ","pages":"Article 149594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain ResearchPub Date : 2025-03-21DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149592
Falk Huettig , Omar F. Jubran , Thomas Lachmann
{"title":"The virtual hand paradigm: A new method for studying prediction and language-vision interactions","authors":"Falk Huettig , Omar F. Jubran , Thomas Lachmann","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce a new method for measuring prediction and language-vision interactions: tracking the trajectories of hand-reaching movements in Virtual Reality (VR) environments. Spatiotemporal trajectory tracking of hand-reaching movements in VR offers an ecologically valid yet controlled medium for conducting experiments in an environment that mirrors characteristics of real-world behaviors. Importantly, it enables tracking the continuous dynamics of processing on a single-trial level. In an exploratory experiment<strong>,</strong> L2 speakers heard predictive or non-predictive sentences (e.g., “The barber cuts the hair” vs. “The coach remembers the hair”). Participants’ task was to move their hands as quickly and as accurately as possible towards the object most relevant to the sentence. We measured reaction times (RTs) and hand-reaching trajectories as indicators of predictive behavior. There was a main effect of predictability: Predictable items were touched faster than unpredictable ones. Importantly, uncertainty was captured using spatiotemporal survival analysis by prolonged fluctuations in upward and downward vertical hand movements before making a final move to target or distractor. Self-correction of prediction errors was revealed by participants switching the direction of hand-reaching movements mid-trial. We conclude that the virtual hand paradigm enables measuring the onset and dynamics of predictive behavior in real time in single <u>and</u> averaged trial data and captures (un)certainty about target objects and the self-correction of prediction error online in ‘close to real-world’ experimental settings. The new method has great potential to provide additional insights about time-course and intermediate states of processing, provisional interpretations and partial target commitments that go beyond other state-of-the-art methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1856 ","pages":"Article 149592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain ResearchPub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149547
Hai-Jun Wei , Hui-Ying Tan , Jian-Ping Cao , Juan He , Qing-Li Zhang , Li Jiang , Gui-Juan Zhou , Fan Xiao
{"title":"Therapeutic importance of hydrogen sulfide in cognitive impairment diseases","authors":"Hai-Jun Wei , Hui-Ying Tan , Jian-Ping Cao , Juan He , Qing-Li Zhang , Li Jiang , Gui-Juan Zhou , Fan Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brain naturally synthesizes hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) via enzymes such as cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST), cysteine aminotransferase (CAT), and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE). From a physiological point of view, H<sub>2</sub>S serves as a neuromodulator with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Recent research suggests that H<sub>2</sub>S is crucial in regulating learning and memory, as its downregulation is commonly observed in cognitive impairment diseases. Preclinical studies suggest that external supplementation, through donors like sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), can improve cognitive impairment in various cognitive disorder models. Moreover, numerous molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain the effects of these H<sub>2</sub>S donors. This review aims to detail the roles of H<sub>2</sub>S in various models of cognitive impairment and in human subjects, highlighting its potential mechanisms and providing experimental support for its use as a novel therapeutic approach in treating cognitive disorders. Overall, H<sub>2</sub>S plays a significant role in the treatment of cognitive impairment diseases, but further large-scale studies are still required to support the results of current research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1856 ","pages":"Article 149547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain ResearchPub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149591
Mohammad Ali Sardar , Sadegh Abbasian , Hamid Moghavemi , Mina Karabi
{"title":"HIIT may ameliorate inter-organ crosstalk between liver and hypothalamus of HFD-induced MAFLD rats; A two-phase study to investigate the effect of exercise intensity as a stressor","authors":"Mohammad Ali Sardar , Sadegh Abbasian , Hamid Moghavemi , Mina Karabi","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies demonstrate that GDF15 and its related signaling activators may be affected by exercise training, leading to the suppression of inflammatory factors and the promotion of immune-metabolic balance. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on amelioration of inter-organ crosstalk between liver and hypothalamus of the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) rats in a two-phase study. In this regard, rats were initially divided into two groups, the normal diet-inactive (NS) and the HFD groups. HFD course lasted 12 weeks to induce MAFLD in the latter group. After ensuring the induction of MAFLD, 25 rats were divided into three groups: the HFD-inactive group (HS), the HFD-HIIT group (HH), as well as the HFD-aerobic group (HA). The training interventions were consistently applied over a period of eight weeks, five days a week, with each session lasting 40–60 min, and the duration of the whole research was 21 weeks. The results of this study displayed that HIIT intervention promotes hypothalamic <em>Gdf15</em> gene expression and there were similar alterations in genes expression of <em>Foxo1</em> and <em>Akt2</em>. Moreover, our results confirmed that HIIT ameliorated hypothalamic NFKB gene expression and there was a similar trend in genes expression of <em>Tnfa</em> and <em>Il1b</em> following both HIIT as well as aerobic training protocols. Taking these findings together, it is concluded that interventions, particularly exercise training, uniquely contribute to the reduction of hypothalamic-associated inflammatory responses that result in prolonged and chronic increases in GDF15.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1856 ","pages":"Article 149591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of noise on auditory processing in children and adults: A time–frequency analysis perspective","authors":"Fauve Duquette-Laplante , Aurélie Belleau-Matte , Boutheina Jemel , Benoît Jutras , Amineh Koravand","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The current study investigated the impact of listening conditions on cortical oscillatory activities in adults and children.</div></div><div><h3>Experimental procedure</h3><div>Fifteen adults and 15 children participated in this study. Electrophysiological measures were recorded with 64 electrodes. Stimulation was presented binaurally with parameters modulation: stimuli, listening conditions, noise and SNR. Intertrial phase clustering (ITPC) and power values were computed using spatially filtered data and complex Morlet wavelets. Data were statistically analyzed with mixed factorial ANOVAs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In quiet, children exhibited stronger theta-alpha (ta-) ITPC than adults, especially for verbal stimuli, in bilateral temporal regions, while adults showed no regional differences. Beta-gamma (bg-) ITPC responses revealed that tonal stimuli only elicited stronger right temporal responses in children. Theta-alpha power was greater for tonal stimuli in children, while adults showed stronger right temporal responses. In noise, ta-ITPC reductions were more pronounced in children, especially in babble noise. In white noise, unlike babble noise, there was a systematic reduction of the ta-ITPC values as a function of the SNR level. The bg-ITPC responses were also weaker at lower than higher SNRs. Ta-Power was lower for tonal than verbal stimuli at the right electrode, with greater reductions in babble than in white noise. Bg-Power differences were observed only at the central electrode, where adults showed smaller reductions than children.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Results indicated that phase and power measures are sensitive to parameter modulation and could be used to understand auditory processing in noise, as they revealed increased susceptibility to noise in children compared to adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1856 ","pages":"Article 149589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain ResearchPub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149590
Smita Jain, Ankita Murmu, Aparna Chauhan
{"title":"Advancing Alzheimer’s disease therapy through engineered exosomal Macromolecules","authors":"Smita Jain, Ankita Murmu, Aparna Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exosomes are a subject of continuous investigation due to their function as extracellular vesicles (EVs) that significantly contribute to the pathophysiology of certain neurodegenerative disorders (NDD), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Exosomes have shown the potential to carry both therapeutic and pathogenic materials; hence, researchers have used exosomes for medication delivery applications. Exosomes have reduced immunogenicity when used as natural drug delivery vehicles. This guarantees the efficient delivery of the medication without causing significant side reactions. Exosomes have lately enabled the potential for drug delivery in AD, along with promising future therapeutic uses for the detection of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, exosomes have been examined for their prospective use in illness diagnosis and prediction before the manifestation of symptoms. This review will document prior studies and will concentrate on the rationale behind the substantial potential of exosomes in the treatment of AD and their prospective use as a diagnostic and predictive tool for this condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1855 ","pages":"Article 149590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain ResearchPub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149576
Yan Liu , Yu Cheng , Tianran Chen , Jun Wang , Jiajin He , Fuwu Yan , Lirong Yan
{"title":"Basal ganglia connectivity and network asymmetry in Parkinson’s disease: A resting-state fMRI study","authors":"Yan Liu , Yu Cheng , Tianran Chen , Jun Wang , Jiajin He , Fuwu Yan , Lirong Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of basal ganglia network asymmetry on motor function in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), functional connectivity and network asymmetry were analyzed in 15 non-demented PD patients and 15 healthy controls. Sixteen basal ganglia substructures, including the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus, were selected for a unified analysis of variance framework to evaluate inter-hemispheric connectivity differences.</div><div>After spatial preprocessing, regions of interest were defined, and time-series data were extracted for functional connectivity and network asymmetry analysis. The results revealed significant alterations in the functional connectivity of the caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in PD patients. Notably, the absence of intra-network asymmetry in the left NAc and bilateral amygdala correlated with motor dysfunction, likely due to overactivity of the inhibitory indirect pathway. Furthermore, pronounced asymmetry in the left putamen and right frontal gyrus suggested a compensatory neural mechanism supporting motor performance.</div><div>These findings highlight the critical role of basal ganglia network asymmetry in the pathophysiology of PD. The identified asymmetry characteristics may serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease progression monitoring, offering new directions for targeted therapeutic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1856 ","pages":"Article 149576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}