Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"Impact of inspiratory muscle training on aspiration symptoms in patients with dysphagia following ischemic stroke.","authors":"Shan Liu, Zhenfeng Fan, Minke Fu, Keling Cheng, Xin Zhang, Jun Ni, ZhiYong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the impact of inspiratory muscle training on lung function and swallowing function in patients with dysphagia-induced aspiration following ischemic stroke and to evaluate the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training on aspiration symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-eight inpatients with dysphagia-induced aspiration following ischemic stroke were selected and randomly divided into a control group (n = 29, conventional swallowing therapy) and a treatment group (n = 29, conventional swallowing therapy plus inspiratory muscle training). Both groups received conventional swallowing function training, including oral sensory training, oral motor training, airway safety protection training, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy for 10-20 min per session, twice daily for 2 weeks. The treatment group additionally received inspiratory muscle resistance training using the POWERbreathe device for 20 min per session, twice daily for 2 weeks. Swallowing function was assessed using the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS), Functional Dysphagia Scale (FDS), and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) based on the videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) before and after treatment. Lung function, including maximal peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) and forced vital capacity (FVC), was evaluated using the Miraclink X-SCRIBE cardiac stress testing system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before treatment, there were no significant differences in FOIS, FDS, and PAS scores between the two groups (P > 0.05), while post-treatment, both groups showed significant improvements in these indicators (P < 0.05), with the treatment group showing more significant improvements than the control group (P < 0.05). Further, before treatment, there were no significant differences in FVC and PEF scores between the two groups (P > 0.05), whereas post-treatment, the treatment group showed significant improvements in these indicators (P < 0.05) and the control group showed no significant changes (P > 0.05). The treatment group also showed more significant improvements than the control group (P < 0.05). Finally, a correlation analysis revealed a significant linear relationship between FVC and PEF in the post-treatment PAS in the treatment group (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inspiratory muscle training can improve lung function in patients with dysphagia following ischemic stroke, as it develops swallowing function more effectively than conventional swallowing function training alone. Moreover, inspiratory muscle training is effective in treating aspiration caused by dysphagia, with enhancements in aspiration related to improved lung function.</p>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"149396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From lab coats to clinical trials: Evolution and application of electromagnetic fields for ischemic stroke rehabilitation and monitoring.","authors":"Jasmina Isaković, Benjamin Daniel Chin, Moritz Oberwinter, Hannah Katarina Rance","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke is a neurovascular disorder which stands as one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, resulting in motor and cognitive impairment. Although the treatment approach depends on the time elapsed, the type of stroke and the availability of care centers, common interventions include thrombectomy or the administration of a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). While these methods restore blood flow, they fall short in helping patients regain lost function. With that, recent years have seen a rise in novel methods, one of which is the use of electromagnetic fields (EMFs). Due to their ability to impact the charges in their vicinity, thereby altering the immune response and cell signaling, EMFs became suitable candidates for stroke rehabilitation. Based on their characteristics, therapeutic EMFs can be categorized into transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), pulsed (PEMFs) and low frequency (LF-EMFs) electromagnetic fields, among others. In addition to treatment, EMFs are being explored for stroke monitoring, utilizing external EMFs for imaging or recording innate EMFs linked to neural activity. Drawing from research on the effects of EMFs, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the physical principles and molecular mechanisms underlying the action of EMFs, along with a discussion of their application in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Finally, this paper not only addresses the importance of treatment availability and potential side-effects, but also delves into the technical and ethical challenges associated with the use of EMFs, while exploring their prospects and future opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"149391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal supplementation with Dipteryx alata Vog. modulates fecal microbiota diversity, accelerates reflex ontogeny, and improves non-associative and spatial memory in the offspring of rats.","authors":"Diego Elias Pereira, Rita de Cássia de Araújo Bidô, Maciel da Costa Alves, Marília Ferreira Frazão Tavares de Melo, Ana Carolina Dos Santos Costa, Larissa Maria Gomes Dutra, Marcilio Martins de Morais, Claudio Augusto Gomes da Câmara, Vanessa Bordin Viera, Adriano Francisco Alves, Wydemberg José de Araujo, Elma Lima Leite, Celso José Bruno de Oliveira, Juliano Carlo Rufino Freitas, Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal diet plays a crucial role in offspring development, directly affecting neural development and gut microbiota composition. This study aimed to assess if baru almond and oil (Dipteryx alata Vog.) could modulate intestinal microbiota, brain fatty acid profile, and enhance memory in offspring of rats treated during early life stages. Three groups were formed: Control- received distilled water by gavage; Oil- received 2000 mg/kg of baru oil, and Almond - received 2000 mg/kg of baru almond. Somatic development and reflex ontogenesis were evaluated in offspring during the first 21 days. In adolescence and adulthood, memory was tested using Open Field Habituation, Object Recognition, and Morris Water Maze. Brain histology and fatty acid were measured, and fecal microbiota analysis was performed. Both almond and oil groups showed increased PUFAs in breast milk and brains, accelerated reflex ontogeny, improved somatic development and better performance in the memory tests in both life stages (p < 0.05). Supplementation enhanced fecal microbiota abundance associated with neuroprotective effects. The almond group showed a 29 % increase in Eubacterium, Candidates-Arthromitus, Collinsella, and Christensenellaceae-R-7. Both oil and almond groups had higher Blautia and Clostridia-UCG-014 compared to controls. The oil group had about 10 % more Ruminococcus, UCG-005, Acetatifactor, Negativibacillus, and Lachnospiraceae-ND3007 than the others. With the present data, we can observe the safety of baru consumption by pregnant and lactating rats and verify its effects on modulating the microbiota, inducing adequate development of the offspring's nervous system, contributing to anticipated reflex maturation and improving memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"149383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal response-predictor analysis for three non-invasive brain stimulation protocols.","authors":"Jean-Marc Therrien-Blanchet, Marie Chantal Ferland, Meriem Badri, Marie-Andrée Rousseau, Amira Merabtine, Emelie Boucher, Lydia Helena Hofmann, Arnaud Boré, Maxime Descoteaux, Jean-François Lepage, Hugo Théoret","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods such as paired associative stimulation (PAS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) are used to modulate cortical excitability and reduce symptoms in a variety of psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have shown significant inter-individual variability in the physiological response to these techniques when they are applied over the hand representation of primary motor cortex (M1_hand). The goal of the present study was to identify neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, and neurochemical baseline characteristics that may predict response to commonly used NIBS protocols using data from a previously published study (Therrien-Blanchet et al., 2023). To this end, PAS, anodal tDCS, and 20-Hz tACS were administered to healthy participants in a repeated measures design. Pre/Post differences in transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced input-output curves were used to quantify changes in corticospinal excitability. Primary predictors were late I-wave latency, cortical thickness (CT) of M1_hand, and fractional anisotropy of the corticospinal tract (CST_hand) originating from M1_hand. Secondary exploratory analysis was performed with CT in areas outside motor cortex, diffusion MRI (dMRI) metrics of the CST_hand, magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements of GABA, glutamate, and n-acetyl aspartate of M1_hand, baseline corticospinal excitability, and cranial circumference. Multiple regression analysis showed that none of the primary variables predicted intervention outcome for any of the NIBS protocols. Exploratory analysis revealed no significant correlation between predictor variables and PAS outcome. tDCS and tACS were significantly correlated with some baseline measures. These data suggest that modulation of cortical excitability following several NIBS protocols may not be easily predicted by baseline characteristics, underscoring the need for a better understanding of their mechanism of action. Significant exploratory associations need to be confirmed in larger samples and confirmatory designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"149372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of gut dysbiosis in drug-resistant epilepsy: Pathogenesis and available therapeutic strategies.","authors":"Nidhi Khedpande, Kalyani Barve","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over 70 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy, a persistent brain disorder. Although there are more than 20 antiseizure drugs available for the symptomatic treatment of epilepsy, about one-third of patients with epilepsy experience seizures that show resistance to pharmacotherapy. Since patients with drug-resistant epilepsy are more prone to physical injuries, psychosocial dysfunction, early death, and deteriorated life quality, the development of safer and more effective treatments is a crucial clinical need. The gut-brain axis and microbiome research advances have provided new insights into the pathophysiology of epilepsy, the resistance to anti-seizure medicine, and potential treatment targets. Inflammation, disturbance of the blood-brain barrier, and altered neurotransmitters are key pathways linked to gut dysbiosis. The characterization of microbial species and functional pathways has advanced thanks to metagenomic sequencing and high-throughput analysis. In this review, we elaborate on the gut-mediated molecular pathways involved in drug-resistant epilepsy, the gut- modulatory therapeutic options, and their combination with antiseizure medications for drug-resistant epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"149385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Santiago Ramón y Cajal: Artistic legacy in Science, 90 years later.","authors":"Larissa Junkes, Antonio E Nardi","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ninety years after his death in 1934, the artistic beauty of the innovative brain images created by physician and histologist Santiago Ramón y Cajal, as well as his revolutionary neuroanatomical theory, remains relevant today. As a scientist who isolated brain nerve cells, he visualized them as physically distinct entities, answering one of the most crucial questions of his time. Prior to his work, the prevailing belief was in the reticular theory, which suggested that nervous tissue was continuous and formed a network of interconnected cells. His anatomical studies helped establish the foundations of modern neuroscience. Cajal, who worked in solitude for many years, embodied one of the most important virtues of a scientist in his life: perseverance.</p>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"149384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serine protease inhibitor AEBSF(4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride) decreased ischemic brain injury through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and autophagy in rats.","authors":"Qi An, Yuequan Zhu, Wenjuan Shi, Wei Li, Xueqi Yang, Minqi Huang, Yakun Li, Yongmei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>4-(2-Aminoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF) is a serine protease inhibitor that may alleviate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a significant contributing factor to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The molecular crosstalk between ER stress, oxidative stress and autophagy represents a vicious cycle that can be pharmacologically targeted to minimize neuronal death after acute injuries to the central nervous system. However, the neuroprotective effects of AEBSF in the context of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remain unknown. In this study,we reported the neuroprotective effect of AEBSF against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and explored the mechanisms involved, particularly its role in reducing ER stress, oxidative stress and autophagy. Rats were pretreated with AEBSF or a vehicle before a 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Our results demonstrate that AEBSF treatment reduced infarct volume and improved neurological function compared to vehicle treated rats after 24 h of reperfusion. Furthermore,AEBSF treatment decreased the expression of caspase-3, suggesting a decrease in neuronal apoptosis. Additionally, AEBSF treatment lowered levels of key ER stress biomarkers, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), while the levels of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) remained unchanged. AEBSF also decreased the oxidative stress biomarker neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and its related molecule pro-MMP-9. Importantly, treatment with AEBSF reversed the trends of autophagy biomarker LC3B II/α-tubulin, Beclin1, and SQSTM1 at 24 h after reperfusion. In conclusion, AEBSF significantly mitigates ischemic brain damage and promotes neurological recovery by inhibiting ER stress, oxidative stress, and autophagy, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic option for ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"149382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Machine learning classification framework using fused fractal property feature vectors for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis.","authors":"Sixiang Sun, Can Cui, Yuanyuan Li, Yingjian Meng, Wenxiang Pan, Dongyan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) profoundly affects brain tissue and network structures. Analyzing the topological properties of these networks helps to understand the progression of the disease. Most studies focus on single-scale brain networks, but few address multiscale brain networks. In this study, the renormalization group approach was applied to rescale the gray matter brain networks of AD patients and cognitively normal (CN) into three scales: the original, once-renormalized, and twice-renormalized networks. Based on the fractal property of these networks at different scales, a novel framework for classifying Alzheimer's disease using fractal and renormalization group was proposed. We integrated the fractal metrics across different scales to create fused feature vectors, which served as inputs for the classification framework aimed at diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. The experimental result indicates that the original and once-renormalized networks of both CN and AD exhibit the fractal property. The classification framework performed best when using the fused feature vector, including the average connection ratio of the original and once-renormalized networks. Using the fused feature vector of the average connection ratio, the One-Dimensional Convolution Neural Network model achieved an accuracy of 92.59% and an F1 score of 91.19%. This marks an improvement of approximately 10% in accuracy and 5% in F1 score compared to results using feature fusion of the average degree, average path length, and clustering coefficient.</p>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"149373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural alteration of hippocampal subfields in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with dyslipidemia.","authors":"Chen Yang, Huiyan Zhang, Jing Tian, Zhoule Li, Ruifang Liu, Gang Huang, Lianping Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore alterations in hippocampal subfield volumes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with dyslipidemia using hippocampal subfield segmentation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 99 T2DM patients were prospectively recruited and divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of dyslipidemia: the T2DM dyslipidemia group and the T2DM normal lipidemia group. Additionally, 57 healthy volunteers were recruited as the healthy control (HC) group. General clinical data and cognitive psychological scale scores were collected. Subgroup analyses of T2DM patients were conducted based on the presence or absence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Hippocampal subfield volumes were analyzed using a general linear model with post-hoc Bonferroni correction. Significant differential hippocampal subfields were further analyzed in subgroups using the general linear model with post-hoc Bonferroni tests. Partial correlation analyses were performed to assess correlations between subfield-specific volumes and lipid and glucose metabolism indicators, as well as cognitive psychological scale scores. P-values from partial correlation analyses were corrected using the false discovery rate (FDR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Volumes of the bilateral hippocampal tail, left presubiculum_body, and right subiculum_body were significantly reduced in the T2DM dyslipidemia group compared to both the HC group and the T2DM normal lipidemia group. Post-hoc analyses revealed that the T2DM dyslipidemia group had the smallest hippocampal subfield volumes. Further subgroup analysis showed that T2DM dyslipidemia patients with MCI exhibited the most pronounced volume reductions in the bilateral hippocampal tail and right subiculum_body. After FDR correction, partial correlation analysis indicated that, in the T2DM dyslipidemia group, the left hippocampal tail volume was positively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score. In the T2DM dyslipidemia without MCI group, the volume of the right subiculum_body was negatively correlated with fasting insulin levels and the insulin resistance index, but positively correlated with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In T2DM patients with normal lipidemia without MCI, the volume of the right subiculum_body was positively correlated with TC levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>T2DM patients with dyslipidemia, especially those with MCI, exhibit significant atrophy in hippocampal subfield volumes, with correlations observed between lipid levels and hippocampal subfield volume changes. These findings suggest that lipid alterations may play an essential role in hippocampal structural abnormalities and cognitive impairment in T2DM patients. This study provides new insights into the neuropathophysiological mechanisms underlying brain alterations and cognitive decline in T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"149368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma: A promising therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic pain.","authors":"Lin Liu, Fan-He Song, Shao-Jie Gao, Jia-Yi Wu, Dan-Yang Li, Long-Qing Zhang, Ya-Qun Zhou, Dai-Qiang Liu, Wei Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic pain represents an incapacitating medical condition that profoundly impacts the patients' quality of life. Managing chronic pain poses a significant challenge for healthcare professionals due to its multifaceted nature and the limited effectiveness of current treatment options. Therefore, novel therapeutic interventions are crucially required for the management of chronic pain. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a nuclear receptor, exerts regulatory effects on physiological processes such as glucose and lipid metabolism. Emerging studies demonstrate that PPARγ is a critical regulator of the expression of various genes, including those of anti-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzymes. Substantial evidence indicates decreased expression of PPARγ in the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord dorsal horn in animal models of chronic pain. Furthermore, natural or synthetic PPARγ agonists had inhibitory effects on nociceptive hypersensitivity in various animal models of chronic pain. This review summarizes and discusses preclinical evidence demonstrating the therapeutic potential of PPARγ agonists in chronic pain management. The available evidence indicates that PPARγ activation reduces chronic pain by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress as well as modulation of opioidergic system. Overall, the use of PPARγ agonists is a promising therapeutic approach for treating chronic pain; however, further research regarding its detailed mechanisms is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":" ","pages":"149366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}