Brain Research最新文献

{"title":"Neuroplasticity elicited by peripheral immune challenge with a viral mimetic","authors":"Gregory W. Konat","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Peripheral viral infections are well known to profoundly alter brain function; however detailed mechanisms of this immune-to-brain communication have not been deciphered. This review focuses on studies of cerebral effects of peripheral viral challenge employing intraperitoneal injection of a viral mimetic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC). In this paradigm, PIC challenge induces the acute phase response (APR) characterized by a transient surge of circulating inflammatory factors, primarily IFNβ, IL-6 and CXCL10. The blood-borne factors, in turn, elicit the generation of CXCL10 by hippocampal neurons. Neurons also express the cognate receptor of CXCL10, i.e., CXCR3 implicating the existence of autocrine/paracrine signaling. The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis mediates the ensuing neuroplastic changes manifested as neuronal hyperexcitability, seizure hypersusceptibility, and sickness behavior. Electrophysiological studies revealed that the neuroplastic changes entail the potentiation of excitatory synapses likely at both pre- and postsynaptic loci. Excitatory synaptic transmission is further augmented by PIC challenge-induced elevation of extracellular glutamate that is mediated by astrocytes. In addition, the hyperexcitability of neuronal circuits might involve the repression of inhibitory signaling. Accordingly, CXCL10 released by neurons activates microglia whose processes invade perisomatic inhibitory synapses, resulting in a partial detachment of the presynaptic terminals, and thus, de-inhibition. This process might be facilitated by the cerebral complement system, which is also upregulated and activated by PIC challenge. Moreover, CXCL10 stimulates the expression of neuronal c-fos protein, another index of hyperexcitability. The reviewed studies form a foundation for full elucidation of the fascinating intersection between peripheral viral infections and neuroplasticity. Because the activation of such pathways may constitute a serious comorbidity factor for neuropathological conditions, this research would advance the development of preventive strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1846 ","pages":"Article 149239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fingolimod alleviates type 2 diabetes associated cognitive decline by regulating autophagy and neuronal apoptosis via AMPK/mTOR pathway","authors":"Jie Li ,&nbsp;Mingjie Yin ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Yifei Xiong ,&nbsp;Xuedi Fang ,&nbsp;Hui Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to reveal the role of fingolimod (FTY720) in mice with type 2 diabetes-associated cognitive decline and explore its potential neuroprotective mechanism. Mice were divided into five groups: normal control, normal control + FTY720 (1.0 mg/kg/day), type 2 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus + low-dose FTY720 (0.5 mg/kg/day), and type 2 diabetes mellitus + high-dose FTY720 (1.0 mg/kg/day). Different doses of FTY720 were administered daily for 8 weeks after the induction of type 2 diabetes using a four-week high-fat diet feeding combined with continuous low-dose intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin. After 8 weeks of treatment, the body weights and fasting blood glucose levels of mice from the five groups were compared. Morris water maze and new object recognition tests were used to evaluate cognitive function. Pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed using haematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining, and the ultrastructure of the hippocampal neurones was assessed using transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins, such as LC3, Beclin-1, P62, Bax, and Bcl-2, in the mice hippocampus were detected by western blotting. Simultaneously, AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway proteins were detected to understand the potential mechanism. FTY720 had no significant effect on the body weight or fasting blood glucose levels in mice with type 2 diabetes. However, both FTY720 doses improved the cognitive function and hippocampal damage. In addition, the results suggested that FTY720 dramatically decreased P62 and Bax levels and increased LC3 II/LC3 I ratio, Beclin-1, and Bcl-2 expression in the hippocampus of type 2 diabetic mice. FTY720 also affected the expression of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Thus, FTY720 improved cognitive function and hippocampal pathological changes in type 2 diabetic mice without affecting fasting blood glucose levels. Our results show that FTY720 may exert neuroprotective effects <em>in vivo</em> by enhancing hippocampal autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1846 ","pages":"Article 149241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142280222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of lipid species in Alzheimer’s disease onset: A comprehensive Mendelian randomization analysis","authors":"Wen Wang ,&nbsp;HongLian Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a significant global health challenge, with its etiology intricately linked to a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Among these, lipid metabolism has been hypothesized to play a crucial role, though the causal pathways remain inadequately elucidated. This study aims to employ Mendelian Randomization (MR) to unravel the potential causal relationships between a comprehensive array of lipid species and the risk of developing AD.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Utilizing a two-sample MR framework, we analyzed data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) encompassing 487,511 individuals of European descent. A total of 179 lipid species across 13 lipid categories were investigated for their causal association with AD. Genetic variants serving as instrumental variables (IVs) were carefully selected based on stringent criteria to ensure validity. The statistical analyses, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median-based estimation, and sensitivity analyses, were conducted using the R software environment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our findings reveal a significant causal relationship between ten specific lipid species and the risk of AD. Notably, certain lipids such as Sterol ester (27:1/15:0) and Phosphatidylcholine (16:0_22:4) exhibited a protective effect against AD, as evidenced by their inverse correlation with the disease’s risk. Additionally, a reciprocal analysis suggested a negative causal impact of AD on the levels of certain Triacylglycerol species. The integrity of our results was reinforced by sensitivity analyses, including the MR Egger intercept test, indicating the absence of horizontal pleiotropy and confirming the reliability of our findings.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study substantiates the causal link between specific lipid species and Alzheimer’s disease, highlighting the complex interplay between lipid metabolism and AD pathogenesis. The identified lipid biomarkers offer new insights into the disease’s etiology and potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, our rigorous methodological approach demonstrates the utility of MR in disentangling the causal relationships in complex diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1846 ","pages":"Article 149238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of acute and chronic ketamine administration on spontaneous and evoked brain activity","authors":"Ernestas Cizus ,&nbsp;Urte Jasinskyte ,&nbsp;Robertas Guzulaitis","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Schizophrenia is believed to be, at least in part, a dysfunction of the glutamatergic system. In line with anatomical evidence, suppressing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) neurotransmission leads to symptoms that are characteristic of schizophrenia. Rodent models of schizophrenia often involve the acute application of NMDA antagonists, which produce both behavioural and brain activity changes that closely resemble symptoms observed in schizophrenia. It is, however, important to note that the full spectrum of schizophrenia symptoms may not be manifested following the acute suppression of NMDA receptors. This has led to the proposal of a chronic model where NMDA receptors are suppressed for prolonged periods. Although the chronic model has shown promising results from a behavioural perspective and alterations in metabolic processes in the brain, its impact on brain oscillations remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of acute and chronic NMDA neurotransmission suppression on brains’ oscillatory activity. To achieve this, chronic brain activity recordings in mice of both sexes were used to assess both spontaneous and evoked brain oscillations. The study demonstrates that an acute suppression of NMDA receptors alters brain oscillations across a wide frequency spectrum and diminishes the oscillatory potency in evoked responses, paralleling changes observed in schizophrenia. However, the chronic suppression of NMDA receptors did not have the expected cumulative effect on brain activity. This research highlights the robust yet similar impacts of acute and chronic NMDA receptor suppression on brain activity, contributing to the nuanced understanding of rodent models of schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1846 ","pages":"Article 149232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142173045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emoxypine succinate modulates behavioral and molecular responses in zebrafish model of iron Overload-Induced neuroinflammation via CDK5/GSK3- β and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway","authors":"Siddhi Bagwe Parab ,&nbsp;Ginpreet Kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Excessive iron accumulation in the brain plays a significant role in neurodegenerative processes, contributing to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD, a prominent neurological disorder affecting the central nervous system, is characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau phosphorylation. This accumulation leads to the subsequent development of cognitive impairments, particularly in learning and memory functions. This study investigates the neuroprotective effects of emoxypine succinate in a zebrafish model of iron overload-induced neurodegeneration. Iron was administered to the zebrafish for 28 days to induce neurodegeneration. Following induction, Emoxypine succinate was employed as a treatment intervention for 14 days (concentrations of 4 mg/L, 8 mg/L, and 12 mg/L). Following the end of the treatment, behavioral tests (Y maze test, Novel tank test) were conducted on the zebrafish, and the biochemical (MDA, Catalase, SOD, GSH) and molecular parameters (AchE, Iron levels, IL-1β, TNF-α, CDK-5, GSK-3β, and NLRP3) of the zebrafish brain were also assessed. In the novel tank test, emoxypine succinate-treated groups exhibited significantly increased time in the upper zone (p &lt; 0.001), higher distance travelled (p &lt; 0.001), and shorter latency to the top (p &lt; 0.001) compared to the negative control. Similarly, the Y-maze test revealed improved time in the novel arm (p &lt; 0.001) and total distance travelled (p &lt; 0.001) in treated groups versus the negative control. Assessment of oxidative stress parameters demonstrated significant reductions in oxidative stress in emoxypine succinate-treated groups. Furthermore, AChE activity decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.001), and brain iron levels decreased substantially (p &lt; 0.001) in treated groups, indicating positive therapeutic outcomes. Molecular analysis showed a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory markers like IL-1β, TNF-α, CDK-5, GSK-3β, and NLRP3 (p &lt; 0.001). This comprehensive study highlights the potential efficacy of emoxypine succinate in mitigating neurodegeneration associated with iron dysregulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1846 ","pages":"Article 149236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142243001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation evoked resonant neural activity in a large animal model: A pilot study","authors":"Kristin Hageman ,&nbsp;Paul Stypulkowski ,&nbsp;Scott Stanslaski","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent reports have described stimulation evoked resonant neural activity (ERNA) recorded in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) of patients during Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgery. The constraints imposed during intraoperative recordings in patients limit the opportunity for in-depth study of new findings such as ERNA. In this pilot study, we leverage a large animal model to focus on detailed characterization of ERNA. Bilateral DBS leads were implanted in the STN in three ovine subjects and externalized for chronic use with custom stimulation and recording circuitry. ERNA was reliably recorded from the STN region in all three subjects with distinct specificity to recording and stimulation sites/contacts. Basic neural response characteristics such as input/output behavior, frequency response and strength/duration curves were evaluated. ERNA amplitude was highly dependent upon stimulation frequency, due to the interaction of the underlying resonant activity and the evoked response from each stimulus pulse. The results could be predicted by a mathematical model of constructive/destructive phase interference, and importantly, the evoked response latency. Significant time dependent dynamics in these evoked potentials were observed, which will be critically important to understand for future clinical applications. Based upon these recordings from leads in the STN region of healthy ovine subjects, these data confirm that DBS evokes high frequency resonant activity in the basal ganglia network. The clinical utility of ERNA remains to be demonstrated, but its direct association with DBS therapy makes it an interesting biomarker for potential use in contact selection and closed loop therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1846 ","pages":"Article 149233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TREM2 alleviates long-term cognitive dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice by attenuating hippocampal neuroinflammation via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway","authors":"Shuang Tang ,&nbsp;Wenli Xing ,&nbsp;Jin Yan ,&nbsp;Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Zhao Li ,&nbsp;Yingwen Wang ,&nbsp;Nina Gu ,&nbsp;Xiaochuan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) often leads to long-term cognitive deficits in patients, particularly due to injury to brain regions such as the hippocampus. This study aims to investigate the role of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) in mitigating hippocampal injury and associated cognitive impairments following SAH. To explore the protective effects of TREM2, we utilized the TREM2 agonist COG1410 to upregulate TREM2 expression and employed TREM2 knockout (KO) mice to verify the necessity of TREM2 for this protective role. The study further examined the involvement of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in TREM2-mediated neuroprotection. Our findings indicate that the upregulation of TREM2 significantly alleviated long-term cognitive deficits and promoted the recovery of hippocampal neural activity post-SAH. The neuroprotective effects were linked to reduced microglial activation and decreased secretion of inflammatory factors within the hippocampus. In contrast, TREM2 KO mice did not exhibit these protective effects. Furthermore, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway also diminished these protective effects of TREM2 upregulation and worsened cognitive outcomes. In conclusion, TREM2 upregulation mitigates long-term cognitive dysfunction following SAH by attenuating hippocampal neuroinflammation via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These findings suggest that TREM2 could be a potential therapeutic target for improving cognitive outcomes after SAH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1846 ","pages":"Article 149235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of white matter hyperintensity burden combined with collateral circulation in mechanical thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion","authors":"Ziyi Xie ,&nbsp;Yu Bi ,&nbsp;Yue Cheng ,&nbsp;Qinyue Huang ,&nbsp;Huanyu Ni ,&nbsp;Yun Luo ,&nbsp;Zhibin Chen ,&nbsp;Guangxin Duan ,&nbsp;Yun Xu ,&nbsp;Qingxiu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the correlation and predictive value of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden in conjunction with collateral circulation during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute anterior circulation occlusion.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A database comprising consecutive registrations of patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusive cerebral infarction at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021 was analyzed. Collateral circulation was assessed using the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR) scoring criteria. The good collateral group included ASITN/SIR grades 3 and 4, while the poor collateral group included grades 1 and 2. Additionally, white matter hyperintensity burden was evaluated using white matter hyperintensity volume and the Fazekas scoring system. A favorable functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) of 0–2 at 90 days. Multivariable logistic regression analyses and Spearman correlation analysis were employed to assess the correlation between white matter hyperintensity burden and unfavorable outcomes in mechanical thrombectomy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 123 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation occlusion were included (56.9 % male). Favorable outcomes were observed in 45.5 % (56/123) of cases. Those with a low ASITN/SIR scale (r = -1.33, 95 % CI: 0.26 (0.09–0.78), P=0.01; cutoff value = 2.5), low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level (r = -1.00, 95 % CI: 0.37 (0.15–0.92), P=0.03; cutoff value = 2.26), and high white matter hyperintense volume (r = 0.28, 95 % CI: 1.33 (1.03–1.71), <em>P</em>=0.03; cutoff value = 10.03) were more likely to experience unfavorable outcomes. Moreover, when compared to ASITN/SIR scale (AUC=89.6, 95 % CI: 0.09–0.78) and LDL level (AUC=62.8, 95 % CI: 0.15–0.92), white matter hyperintense volume demonstrated greater accuracy in predicting poor outcomes (AUC=94.4, 95 % CI: 1.03–1.71). Importantly, white matter hyperintense volume showed a positive correlation with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) Score (r = 0.8289, <em>P</em>&lt;0.0001). In brief, the burden of white matter hyperintensity is negatively correlated with collateral circulation in mechanical thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation occlusion.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The higher the burden of white matter hyperintensity, the worse the collateral circulation in mechanical thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation occlusion. The combination of high white matter hyperintensity volume and poor collateral circulation enhances might predict a worse clinical outcome of mechanical thrombectomy with acute anterior circulation occlusion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1846 ","pages":"Article 149231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and validation of a TAMRGs prognostic signature for gliomas by integrated analysis of scRNA and bulk RNA sequencing data","authors":"Zhicong Huang ,&nbsp;Jingyao Huang ,&nbsp;Ying Lin ,&nbsp;Ying Deng ,&nbsp;Longkun Yang ,&nbsp;Xing Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Huang ,&nbsp;Qian Sun ,&nbsp;Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Hongsheng Liang ,&nbsp;Zhonghua Lv ,&nbsp;Baochang He ,&nbsp;Fulan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study aimed to construct and validate a prognostic model based on tumor associated macrophage-related genes (TAMRGs) by integrating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) data.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The scRNA-seq data of three inhouse glioma tissues were used to identify the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) marker genes, the DEGs from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) − Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) dataset were used to further select TAMs marker genes. Subsequently, a TAMRG-score was constructed by Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis in the TCGA dataset and validated in the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified 186 TAMs marker genes, and a total of 6 optimal prognostic genes including <em>CKS2</em>, <em>LITAF</em>, <em>CTSB</em>, <em>TWISTNB</em>, <em>PPIF</em> and <em>G0S2</em> were selected to construct a TAMRG-score. The high TAMRG-score was significantly associated with worse prognosis (log-rank test, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001). Moreover, the TAMRG-score outperformed the other three models with AUC of 0.808. Immune cell infiltration, TME scores, immune checkpoints, TMB and drug susceptibility were significantly different between TAMRG-score groups. In addition, a nomogram were constructed by combing the TAMRG-score and clinical information (Age, Grade, <em>IDH</em> mutation and 1p19q codeletion) to predict the survival of glioma patients with AUC of 0.909 for 1-year survival.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The high TAMRG-score group was associated with a poor prognosis. A nomogram by incorporating TMARG-score could precisely predict glioma survival, and provide evidence for personalized treatment of glioma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1846 ","pages":"Article 149237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring mismatch negativity in children with congenital Microtia-Atresia: A Preliminary study","authors":"Wenjie Song ,&nbsp;Xinmiao Fan ,&nbsp;Xin Xia ,&nbsp;Wei Gu ,&nbsp;Tengyu Yang ,&nbsp;Yue Fan ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Li ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To investigate the characteristics of mismatch negativity (MMN) in terms of latency and amplitude in children with bilateral congenital microtia using a Bone conduction implant (Bonebridge), and to explore the relationship between cortical level auditory discrimination, speech perception, and psychosocial well-being.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study compared three groups: eight children with bilateral congenital microtia and Bonebridge implants (bilateral group), eight children with unilateral congenital microtia and no hearing aids (unilateral group), and eight children with normal hearing (NH group). Participants underwent MMN evaluation using a classic oddball paradigm with a pure tone burst stimulus, featuring a 1000 Hz standard stimulus and a 1200 Hz deviant stimulus, presented in a sound field at 65 dBHL. Additionally, speech perception tests, the Meaningful Use of Speech Scale (MUSS), and psychosocial status questionnaires, including the Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC) and the Children’s Loneliness Scale (CLS), were administered to all subjects.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The bilateral group’s average MMN latency was 241.23 ± 29.47 ms, and the unilateral group’s was 209.96 ± 54.32 ms, both significantly longer than the NH group’s 146.05 ± 15.73 ms (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001, F=3.509, 95 % CI 68.09 to 122.3 and <em>p</em> = 0.0097, F=11.92, 95 % CI 18.07 to 109.8, respectively). However, no significant difference was found in MMN latency between the bilateral and unilateral groups (<em>p</em> = 0.202, F=3.397, 95 % CI −18.84 to 81.36). The unilateral group scored significantly higher on the MUSS (38.63 ± 1.41 vs. 30.75 ± 3.80, <em>p</em> = 0.0001, F=7.276, 95 % CI −11.16 to −4.590), had lower CLS scores (47.13 ± 8.13 vs. 58.25 ± 8.39, <em>p</em> = 0.024, F=1.065, 95 % CI 1.652 to 20.60), and lower SASC scores (4.13 ± 2.09 vs. 6.50 ± 2.25, <em>p</em> = 0.062, F=1.204, 95 % CI −0.138 to 4.89) compared to the bilateral group. MMN latency in the bilateral group correlated with SASC scores.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The MMN latency in congenital microtia patients may serve as an indicator of central auditory discrimination capabilities. In children with bilateral congenital microtia and Bonebridge implants, MMN latency can reflect social anxiety conditions to a certain degree.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9083,"journal":{"name":"Brain Research","volume":"1846 ","pages":"Article 149230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}