Bone & Joint Research最新文献

{"title":"Persistent bone and muscle deficits after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction : implications for post-traumatic osteoarthritis risk.","authors":"Karl Morgan, Lilly Dietel, Antara Jain, Zak Sheehy, Shoji Leach, Molly Robb, James Murray, Sunny Deo, Dario Cazzola, Jean-Philippe Walhin","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.157.BJR-2025-0481.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.157.BJR-2025-0481.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is associated with persistent strength deficits and thigh muscle atrophy, which may contribute to post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Other potential musculoskeletal alterations, such as changes in bone morphology and mechanical properties, are less well understood. No study has comprehensively examined multi-tissue deficits post-ACLR, limiting insight into potential structural contributors to long-term joint vulnerability. Consequently, this cross-sectional study investigated differences in muscle size and quality, bone morphology, and mechanical properties between the ACLR and contralateral uninjured leg. The influence of leg dominance on musculoskeletal outcomes in a control population and the identification of distinct recovery profiles in the ACLR group were explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 32 individuals with a history of ACLR (1 to 6 years post-surgery) and 32 matched uninjured controls underwent peripheral quantitative computerised tomography at the shank (66% tibial length) and thigh (20% and 50% femoral length). Outcomes included muscle cross-sectional area, muscle density, subcutaneous fat, cortical and trabecular bone area and density, and bone resistance to bending, torsion, and compression. Clustering techniques were applied to explore potential high- and low-recovery profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ACLR leg demonstrated reduced muscle size and density, smaller cortical bone area, lower trabecular density, and impaired resistance to bending and compressive forces in comparison to the uninjured contralateral leg. Clustering revealed a low-recovery profile in 69% of ACLR participants, characterized by widespread musculoskeletal deficits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Persistent musculoskeletal alterations after ACLR may reflect compromised structural integrity associated with PTOA risk. Recovery profiling may help identify those at greatest risk, informing targeted interventions to improve long-term joint health.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 7","pages":"822-835"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13345716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting the neuropilin 1/interferon γ axis restores glucocorticoid-suppressed T cell function and rescues bone formation to prevent steroid-induced osteonecrosis.","authors":"Hongduo Lu, Benlu Chen, Changbo Cheng, Yantong Luo, Hongfen Chen, Yuehui Zhou, Yunhao Hu, Shihua Gao, Hanjun Fang, Wei He, Zhenqiu Chen, Yinuo Fan","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.157.BJR-2025-0493.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.157.BJR-2025-0493.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Immune cells exert influence on skeletal homeostasis, and re-establishing metabolic equilibrium is central to the management of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SIONFH). However, the osteoimmune mechanisms underpinning this pathology remain largely under-researched. This study aimed to delineate these mechanisms, thereby informing early therapeutic strategies to restore bone homeostasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified the key immune cell subsets associated with SIONFH, and investigated their upstream regulatory factors and downstream effector molecules by integrating multiomics analyses (samples derived from human peripheral blood, femoral head tissues, and rat peripheral blood), mining of the GSE123568 dataset, and performing in vivo and in vitro experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical transcriptomics revealed enrichment of immune-related pathways, with ssGSEA consistently highlighting activated CD8⁺ T cells and Th1 cells. Correlation analyses demonstrated a stronger association between T cells and osteoblasts than osteoclasts (<i>r</i> = 0.8728 vs r = -0.065). Staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (sec2) activated T cells both in vitro and in vivo, thereby augmenting osteogenic markers, enhancing bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) differentiation, and elevating T cell-derived interferon gamma (IFNγ). Mechanistically, IFNγ facilitated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) dissociation and Runx2 nuclear translocation, thereby potentiating osteogenesis. Multiomics and functional studies identified neuropilin 1 (NRP1) as a critical IFNγ/T cell-associated protein, downregulated by staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (sec2). Pharmacological activation of NRP1 with certepetide validated its role in modulating IFNγ secretion and downstream signalling. Glucocorticoids suppress IFNγ production in T cells and weaken NRP1/IFNγ-driven osteogenic differentiation. Ultimately, sec2 reshaped antigen-presenting cell-mediated regulation of the T cell-NRP1/IFNγ axis, promoting bone formation and mitigating SIONFH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Glucocorticoids suppress T cell-derived IFNγ via NRP1 upregulation, thereby impairing Runx2 nuclear translocation and BMSC osteogenesis. Sec2 counteracts this cascade through antigen-presenting cell modulation, restoring the NRP1/IFNγ axis to preserve femoral head integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 7","pages":"795-810"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRI-based 3D cartilage modelling in the elbow joint : a validation study with potential for biomechanical modelling.","authors":"Tasuku Miyake, Satoshi Miyamura, Ryoya Shiode, Toru Iwahashi, Arisa Kazui, Natsuki Yamamoto, Hiroki Kondo, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Seiji Okada, Tsuyoshi Murase, Kunihiro Oka","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.157.BJR-2025-0545.R2","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.157.BJR-2025-0545.R2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To construct and validate a 3D MRI-based cartilage model of the elbow joint by comparing it with laser-scanned models and to assess how cartilage morphology influences intra-articular stress distribution through finite element analysis (FEA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven formalin-fixed cadaveric elbows were scanned using high-resolution MRI (voxel size: 0.375 × 0.375 × 0.400 mm), with sequences selected based on the contrast-to-noise ratio. Cartilage models of the distal humerus, radial head, and proximal ulna were reconstructed and validated against laser-scanned reference models. Validation metrics included cartilage thickness differences, surface-to-surface distances, and Dice similarity coefficients. Subsequently, FEA was performed using models with and without cartilage, under physiological loading, to evaluate the intra-articular stress distribution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MRI-based and laser-scanned models showed similar cartilage thickness distributions, with differences within or close to the imaging resolution. The median cartilage thicknesses measured using the MRI-based and laser-scanned models were 1.15 mm (IQR 0.97 to 1.54) and 1.25 mm (IQR 1.14 to 1.29) in the distal humerus, 1.15 mm (IQR 0.97 to 1.18) and 1.03 mm (IQR 1.01 to 1.14) in the radial head, and 1.06 mm (IQR 0.93 to 1.21) and 1.05 mm (IQR 1.00 to 1.10) in the proximal ulna, respectively. The surface-to-surface root mean square distances were < 0.40 mm, and the Dice coefficients exceeded 0.96. FEA revealed physiologically plausible stress concentration patterns at anatomical contact areas only in models incorporating the cartilage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 3D MRI-based cartilage models have high geometrical accuracy and biomechanical validity. These models offer a noninvasive tool for assessing cartilage morphology and joint mechanics, and may provide a foundation for future studies investigating the pathophysiology of elbow osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 7","pages":"811-821"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone tracer uptake in SPECT/CT is a potential indicator for treatment decision-making in cystic osteochondral lesions of the talus.","authors":"Xiangyun Cheng, Bingyao Cai, Le Song, Tong Su, Hao Xu, Jirong Wang, XiaoLe Zhang, Yuelin Hu, Qinwei Guo, Chen Jiao, Dong Jiang","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.157.BJR-2025-0635.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.157.BJR-2025-0635.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Cystic osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) demonstrate metabolic dysregulation that predisposes to osteonecrosis, for which timely invasive intervention is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of bone tracer uptake (BTU) of single-photon emission CT/CT (SPECT/CT) for conservative treatment outcomes, and promote a novel indicator for decision-making of the treatment of cystic OLTs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with cystic OLTs who underwent SPECT/CT scanning from January 2020 to August 2024 received three-month conservative treatments. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) was quantified from SPECT/CT acquisitions. Visual analogue scales (VAS) for pain and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores were assessed before and after the treatment. A total of 95 patients were divided into the Success (23) and Failure (72) groups based on post-treatment AOFAS scores (80). VAS, AOFAS, and SUV_max were compared, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Failure group had significantly higher mean SUV_max (12.35 (SD 4.94) vs 6.45 (SD 4.63), p < 0.001) and inferior mean AOFAS scores (75.03 (SD 8.97) vs 80.35 (SD 10.29), p = 0.033). Maximum BTU located predominantly on sclerotic bone rims of OLTs (90/95, 94.7%). Medial OLT had significantly greater mean SUV_max (11.77 (SD 5.45) vs 7.06 (SD 3.68), p < 0.001). When the SUV_max exceeded 8.62 (sensitivity 81.9%, specificity 82.6%), OLT patients were more likely to fail the conservative treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that SPECT/CT-derived BTU is a potential indicator for treatment decision-making in cystic OLTs. Elevated BTU showed a statistically significant association with poor response to nonoperative care in this cohort. The critical threshold of SUV_max > 8.62 (sensitivity 81.9%, specificity 82.6%) identifies high-risk patients who might need early surgical intervention. Additionally, the SUV_max showed a strong correlation with ankle pain, and maximum BTU located predominantly on the sclerotic rims of OLTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 7","pages":"784-794"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13333215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148389782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using quantitative imaging methods to investigate the association between quadriceps stiffness and knee cartilage volumes.","authors":"Zongpan Li, Jiebin Huang, Chen Huang, Xiuping Huang, Kam-Lun Leung, Siu Ngor Fu","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.157.BJR-2025-0402.R3","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.157.BJR-2025-0402.R3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Sex- and compartment-specific associations between quadriceps weakness and knee cartilage loss have been reported, and stiffer quadriceps has been related to clinical knee symptoms. Nevertheless, the relationship between quadriceps stiffness and knee cartilage health remains unclear. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between quadriceps stiffness and knee cartilage volumes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 82 older adults (46 females (56.1%); mean age 65.9 years (SD 3.9)). Passive stiffness of three superficial quadriceps muscle heads was evaluated by using shear-wave elastography ultrasound. Quadriceps strength was measured by a Cybex dynamometer. Cartilage volumes of the tibia, femur, and patella were quantitatively assessed using MRI. Linear regressions were used to examine relationships of quadriceps stiffness and strength with cartilage volumes across different knee compartments, while controlling for potential covariates. Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied to account for multiple tests. Sex-specific relationships were evaluated when significant sex and quadriceps interactions were detected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Negative associations were observed between quadriceps stiffness and cartilage volumes of tibia (estimate -33.7 mm³/kPa (95% CI -63.2 to -4.2), p = 0.026), femur (-72.4 mm³/kPa (95% CI -128.8 to -16.0), p = 0.013), and total knee (-92.0 mm³/kPa (95% CI -183.2 to -0.7), p = 0.048). However, those associations became statistically non-significant after FDR corrections (FDR-corrected p = 0.104 to 0.128). Quadriceps strength was not associated with cartilage volumes in the full cohort, while a significant sex and strength interaction was observed for patellar cartilage. Sex-stratified analyses showed a positive association between quadriceps strength and patellar cartilage in females (558.2 mm³/Nm*kg^-1 (95% CI 126.1 to 990.3), p = 0.013), but not males.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower quadriceps strength is associated with smaller patellar cartilage volumes in females. Although there is a trend showing negative associations between quadriceps stiffness and tibiofemoral cartilage, there is insufficient evidence in the current sample supporting an affirmative conclusion. Future research is needed to confirm these preliminary findings, and to clarify potential causal effects and clinical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 7","pages":"775-783"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13327792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rat muscle contusion model created by a modified drop-mass method using ultrasound.","authors":"Ryo Miyazaki, Takashi Kanamoto, Yujie Ren, Shunya Otani, Seira Sato, Tomoki Ohori, Akira Tsujii, Kosuke Ebina, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Seiji Okada, Ken Nakata","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.157.BJR-2025-0407.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.157.BJR-2025-0407.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Muscle contusion healing remains challenging because incomplete regeneration can lead to excessive scar formation, which may impair functional recovery. Therefore, reproducible animal models are important tools for investigating the healing process and evaluating potential therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to establish a reproducible muscle contusion model using a modified drop-mass method with ultrasound. Furthermore, the feasibility of using this model for molecular screening of muscle contusion healing was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 70 male Wistar Hannover rats were initially enrolled in this study. Two rats were excluded because of tibial fractures after injury induction; therefore, 68 rats were included in the final assessments. In this model, the placement of the rat tibialis anterior muscle and the impactor tip was confirmed by ultrasound prior to dropping the weight. To evaluate the reproducibility of the injury, ultrasound measurements of muscle size, histological evaluation of muscle tissue structure, gene expression analysis of inflammation-related factors and macrophage markers, and muscle strength assessment were performed. Moreover, based on a comprehensive genetic analysis of samples collected from this model, molecules involved in the healing process of muscle contusions were screened.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Abnormal ultrasound images, including hypoechoic areas, were observed in all the injured muscles. A peak increase in the maximum muscle cross-sectional area was observed 24 hours after injury, which subsequently decreased. Histological analysis revealed fibrous tissue at seven days post-injury, becoming more prominent at day 14. Muscle strength was reduced at three and seven days after the injury. Inflammation-related genes were markedly upregulated on the day of injury, while the expression of macrophage marker genes increased three days post-injury. Ribonucleic acid sequencing revealed gene clusters, including tissue kallikrein (<i>KLK1</i>), with higher expression on day 7 than on day 3 post-injury. High expression of KLK1 was confirmed in the injured muscle tissue of model animals on day 7 after injury using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A reproducible model of skeletal muscle contusion can be established using a modified drop-mass method guided by ultrasound. This model demonstrated potential utility for exploring the molecules involved in the healing process of muscle contusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 7","pages":"767-774"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148366959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound combined with voriconazole for treating acute fungal periprosthetic joint infection caused by Candida albicans : an in vitro and in vivo experimental study.","authors":"Rangshan Gao, Long Hua, Tianxing Wang, Yicheng Li, Li Cao","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.157.BJR-2025-0556.R2","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.157.BJR-2025-0556.R2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Currently, fungal periprosthetic joint infection (FPJI) following joint arthroplasty remains a major therapeutic challenge worldwide. Therefore, this study aims to investigate a novel and promising therapeutic approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the in vitro experiment, ultrasound and voriconazole (VOR) were used alone or in combination against <i>Candida albicans</i>. In the in vivo experiment, 100 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into ten groups, with ten rats in each group: control group (underwent sham surgery), prosthesis group (uninfected prosthesis implanted), model group (prosthesis implanted and infected with <i>C. albicans</i>); the remaining seven groups were treated using separate therapeutic methods for infections: ultrasound, intra-articular (IA) (IA VOR injection), IA + ultrasound, intravenous (IV) (IV VOR injection), IV + ultrasound, IA + IV, and IA + IV + ultrasound groups. Relevant tests and examinations were performed during and after the 14-day treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro, the combination of ultrasound and VOR showed the most pronounced antifungal effect. In vivo, IA VOR injection is better for maintaining high local VOR concentrations. Based on this, the combination of ultrasound and IA VOR demonstrated superior outcomes across multiple endpoints, including serum biochemical markers, weightbearing scores, reactive bone changes, inflammation, and local knee skin temperature, as well as reduced colony counts on soft tissues, bone, and implants. In contrast, IV VOR showed minimal improvement across these parameters. Moreover, in rats subjected to any VOR and ultrasound treatment, no pathological changes in major metabolic organs or abnormal serum markers were observed. Additionally, no skin pathological changes were found after ultrasound exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of ultrasound and IA injection of VOR represents a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for <i>C. albicans</i>-induced FPJI.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 7","pages":"752-766"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13318471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148359403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of intra-articular injection of dimethyl itaconate combined with systemic vancomycin on periprosthetic joint infection in rats.","authors":"Tianyu Dai, Chi Ma, Fan Zhang, Yinxian Wen, Liaobin Chen","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.156.BJR-2025-0216.R4","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.156.BJR-2025-0216.R4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This investigation aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intra-articular dimethyl itaconate (DI) combined with systemic vancomycin (Van) for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) induced by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The fifty rats were divided into five groups: Control (Con), PJI, PJI + DI, PJI + Van, and PJI + Van + DI. After three weeks, systemic and local inflammation, osteolysis, bone histomorphometry, bacterial load, and biofilm formation were analyzed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to evaluate osteoclast inhibition by DI and vancomycin, and Alizarin Red staining was used to assess its effect on osteogenic differentiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vivo, the combination therapy demonstrated superior mitigation of bone loss and intra-articular synovial inflammation compared to Van monotherapy. Furthermore, the co-administration of DI and vancomycin effectively facilitated bacterial and biofilm clearance within the joint, further alleviating the dysregulation between bone resorption and remodelling. Compared to the DI and vancomycin monotherapy group, the Van + DI group showed reduced bacterial counts in implants, bone tissue, and soft-tissue. However, intra-articular DI alone was insufficient for complete eradication of <i>S. aureus</i>-induced PJI. Safety assessments indicated that neither DI monotherapy nor its combination with vancomycin elicited hepatic or renal toxicity in rats. In vitro, it was validated that DI exerts a promotive effect on osteoblast function while concurrently inhibiting osteoclast formation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intra-articular injection of DI combined with systemic vancomycin appears to be a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for PJI in our current rat model.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 6","pages":"739-751"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13286698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148300846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontogenetic changes in femoral morphology and joint loads in children.","authors":"Hans Kainz, Gabriel Tilmann Mindler, Andreas Kranzl, Martin Svehlik, Willi Koller","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.156.BJR-2025-0293.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.156.BJR-2025-0293.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to quantify ontogenetic changes in femoral morphology - specifically femoral head and condyle sizes - and joint loads in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MRI and 3D movement data were recorded from nine children without any known pathologies at two timepoints, two years apart. Femoral geometry was segmented from the MRI to quantify femoral head and medial and lateral condyle volumes. Personalized MRI-informed musculoskeletal models were created and used to estimate hip and knee joint contact forces (JCFs) based on the 3D movement data. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess whether changes in JCF and femoral morphology can be predicted from simple measures such as age, body weight, and height.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both femoral joint contact geometry and absolute JCF significantly increase with age. However, when normalized to body weight, JCF remained stable - or even decreased in the case of medial condyle JCF - over time. Predicting changes in JCF based on the simple measures of age, weight, and height worked reasonably well for hip JCF (R² = 0.67) and lateral condyle JCF (R² = 0.78), but less well for medial condyle JCF (R² = 0.41). Changes in femoral morphology could be predicted with moderate accuracy, with R² values ranging from 0.40 for lateral condyle volume to 0.59 for femoral head volume.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate ontogenetic increases in both absolute JCF and joint contact surface areas, which may help maintain relatively stable cartilage pressures during growth. These data provide valuable reference values for differentiating normal developmental patterns from pathological alterations in femoral morphology and joint loading. While simple regression models effectively captured population-level trends, they were not suitable for subject-specific predictions, underscoring the need for more advanced and individualized modelling approaches in paediatric biomechanics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 6","pages":"726-738"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13283765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and validation of a biomechanics device for preclinical arthrofibrosis models.","authors":"Mason F Carstens, Nils Meißner, Matthew T Weintraub, Oksana Pichurin, Mark E Morrey, Joaquin Sanchez-Sotelo, Daniel J Berry, Roman Thaler, Matthew P Abdel","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.156.BJR-2025-0620.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.156.BJR-2025-0620.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Reliable assessment of joint stiffness is essential for studying arthrofibrosis in preclinical animal models. This study presents a new dedicated biomechanics device for measuring knee stiffness in mouse, rat, and rabbit models of arthrofibrosis, with the aim of validating its performance and comparing it to a previously validated device.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The new system integrates a torque load cell, stepper motor, and absolute encoder in a through-hole, unified configuration for precise continuous torque-angle measurement, with custom limb brackets ensuring species-specific alignment at the joint's centre of rotation. To validate this device and compare it to a previously validated device, arthrofibrosis was induced using established models of extra-articular immobilization in mice and intra-articular violation with immobilization in rats and rabbits, followed by defined remobilization periods. Torque-angle curves were recorded ex vivo across species-specific torque ranges, and measurement variability between the new and a previous validated device was statistically compared using Brown-Forsythe's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The onset of hyperextension in contralateral limbs occurred at mean angles of 152.4° (mice), 154.4° (rats), and 152.8° (rabbits), and at maximum torque, mean flexion angles were 79.2°, 87.3°, and 140.5°, respectively. No significant differences in measurement variability were observed between devices across all species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that our new device provides reproducible torque-angle data while maintaining the statistical robustness of the previous device and offering improved mechanical design and operational standardization. By enabling standardized, cross-species joint stiffness quantification, this platform improves cross-study comparability and strengthens the translational reliability of preclinical arthrofibrosis research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"15 6","pages":"716-725"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13278814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}