Bone & Joint Research最新文献

{"title":"Application of loaded graphene oxide biomaterials in the repair and treatment of bone defects.","authors":"Jinyi Xing, Shuzhong Liu","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.1312.BJR-2024-0048.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.1312.BJR-2024-0048.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Addressing bone defects is a complex medical challenge that involves dealing with various skeletal conditions, including fractures, osteoporosis (OP), bone tumours, and bone infection defects. Despite the availability of multiple conventional treatments for these skeletal conditions, numerous limitations and unresolved issues persist. As a solution, advancements in biomedical materials have recently resulted in novel therapeutic concepts. As an emerging biomaterial for bone defect treatment, graphene oxide (GO) in particular has gained substantial attention from researchers due to its potential applications and prospects. In other words, GO scaffolds have demonstrated remarkable potential for bone defect treatment. Furthermore, GO-loaded biomaterials can promote osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation while stimulating bone matrix deposition and formation. Given their favourable biocompatibility and osteoinductive capabilities, these materials offer a novel therapeutic avenue for bone tissue regeneration and repair. This comprehensive review systematically outlines GO scaffolds' diverse roles and potential applications in bone defect treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"13 12","pages":"725-740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11617066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concomitant osteochondral lesion of the talus affects in vivo ankle kinetics in patients with chronic ankle instability.","authors":"Shengxuan Cao, Yungu Chen, Yunchao Zhu, Shuyun Jiang, Yan Yu, Xu Wang, Chen Wang, Xin Ma","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.1312.BJR-2023-0217.R2","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.1312.BJR-2023-0217.R2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the in vivo ankle kinetic alterations in patients with concomitant chronic ankle instability (CAI) and osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT), which may offer opportunities for clinician intervention in treatment and rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 16 subjects with CAI (eight without OLT and eight with OLT) and eight healthy subjects underwent gait analysis in a stair descent setting. Inverse dynamic analysis was applied to ground reaction forces and marker trajectories using the AnyBody Modeling System. One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping was performed to compare ankle joint reaction force and joint moment curve among groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patients with OLT showed significantly increased dorsiflexion moment in the ankle joint compared with healthy subjects during 38.2% to 40.9% of the gait cycle, and increased eversion moment in the ankle joint compared with patients without OLT during 25.5% to 27.6% of the gait cycle. Compared with healthy subjects, the patients with OLT showed increased anterior force during 42% to 43% of the gait cycle, and maximal medial force (p = 0.005, ηp2 = 0.399).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The patients with concomitant CAI and OLT exhibit increased dorsiflexion and eversion moment, as well as increased anterior and medial ankle joint reaction force during stair descent, compared with patients with CAI but without OLT and healthy subjects, respectively. Thus, a rehabilitative regimen targeting excessive ankle dorsiflexion and eversion moment may help to reduce ankle joint loading.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"13 12","pages":"716-724"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11614499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining the extracellular matrix in non-cartilage soft-tissues in osteoarthritis: a systematic review.","authors":"Iwan G A Raza, Sarah J B Snelling, Jolet Y Mimpen","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.1312.BJR-2024-0020.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.1312.BJR-2024-0020.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical determinant of tissue mechanobiology, yet remains poorly characterized in joint tissues beyond cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). This review aimed to define the composition and architecture of non-cartilage soft joint tissue structural ECM in human OA, and to compare the changes observed in humans with those seen in animal models of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search strategy, devised using relevant matrix, tissue, and disease nomenclature, was run through the MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. Demographic, clinical, and biological data were extracted from eligible studies. Bias analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 161 studies were included, which covered capsule, ligaments, meniscus, skeletal muscle, synovium, and tendon in both humans and animals, and fat pad and intervertebral disc in humans only. These studies covered a wide variety of ECM features, including individual ECM components (i.e. collagens, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins), ECM architecture (i.e. collagen fibre organization and diameter), and viscoelastic properties (i.e. elastic and compressive modulus). Some ECM changes, notably calcification and the loss of collagen fibre organization, have been extensively studied across osteoarthritic tissues. However, most ECM features were only studied by one or a few papers in each tissue. When comparisons were possible, the results from animal experiments largely concurred with those from human studies, although some findings were contradictory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in ECM composition and architecture occur throughout non-cartilage soft tissues in the osteoarthritic joint, but most of these remain poorly defined due to the low number of studies and lack of healthy comparator groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"13 12","pages":"703-715"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11611391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo reduction of biofilm seeded on orthopaedic implants.","authors":"Enrique Cordero García-Galán, Marina Medel-Plaza, José J Pozo-Kreilinger, Héctor Sarnago, Óscar Lucía, Alicia Rico-Nieto, Jaime Esteban, Enrique Gomez-Barrena","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.1312.BJR-2024-0111.R2","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.1312.BJR-2024-0111.R2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Electromagnetic induction heating has demonstrated in vitro antibacterial efficacy over biofilms on metallic biomaterials, although no in vivo studies have been published. Assessment of side effects, including thermal necrosis of adjacent tissue, would determine transferability into clinical practice. Our goal was to assess bone necrosis and antibacterial efficacy of induction heating on biofilm-infected implants in an in vivo setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Titanium-aluminium-vanadium (Ti6Al4V) screws were implanted in medial condyle of New Zealand giant rabbit knee. Study intervention consisted of induction heating of the screw head up to 70°C for 3.5 minutes after implantation using a portable device. Both knees were implanted, and induction heating was applied unilaterally keeping contralateral knee as paired control. Sterile screws were implanted in six rabbits, while the other six received screws coated with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> biofilm. Sacrifice and sample collection were performed 24, 48, or 96 hours postoperatively. Retrieved screws were sonicated, and adhered bacteria were estimated via drop-plate. Width of bone necrosis in retrieved femora was assessed through microscopic examination. Analysis was performed using non-parametric tests with significance fixed at p ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The width of necrosis margin in induction heating-treated knees ranged from 0 to 650 μm in the sterile-screw group, and 0 to 517 μm in the biofilm-infected group. No significant differences were found between paired knees. In rabbits implanted with sterile screws, no bacteria were detected. In rabbits implanted with infected screws, a significant bacterial load reduction with median 0.75 Log10 colony-forming units/ml was observed (p = 0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Induction heating was not associated with any demonstrable thermal bone necrosis in our rabbit knee model, and might reduce bacterial load in <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms on Ti6Al4V implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"13 12","pages":"695-702"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11608107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum.","authors":"Kangpeng Li, Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.1311.BJR-2024-00003","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.1311.BJR-2024-00003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"13 11","pages":"694"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142725987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of cross-linking as measured by the trans-vinylene index and in vitro wear of polyethylene from various acetabular liner brands.","authors":"Peter Wahl, Roman Heuberger, Andrea Pascucci, Thomas Imwinkelried, Markus Fürstner, Niels Icken, Michel Schläppi, Robin Pourzal, Emanuel Gautier","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.1311.BJR-2024-0203.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.1311.BJR-2024-0203.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) greatly reduces wear in total hip arthroplasty, compared to conventional polyethylene (CPE). Cross-linking is commonly achieved by irradiation. This study aimed to compare the degree of cross-linking and in vitro wear rates across a cohort of retrieved and unused polyethylene cups/liners from various brands.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Polyethylene acetabular cups/liners were collected at one centre from 1 April 2021 to 30 April 2022. The trans-vinylene index (TVI) and oxidation index (OI) were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. Wear was measured using a pin-on-disk test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 47 specimens from ten brands were included. The TVI was independent of time in vivo. A linear correlation (R² = 0.995) was observed between the old and current TVI standards, except for vitamin E-containing polyethylene. The absorbed irradiation dose calculated from the TVI corresponded to product specifications for all but two products. For one electron beam-irradiated HXLPE, a mean dose of 241% (SD 18%) of specifications was determined. For another, gamma-irradiated HXLPE, a mean 41% (SD 13%) of specifications was determined. Lower wear was observed for higher TVI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The TVI is a reliable measure of the absorbed irradiation dose and does not alter over time in vivo. The products of various brands differ by manufacturing details and consequently cross-linking characteristics. Absorption and penetration of electron radiation and gamma radiation differ, potentially leading to higher degrees of cross-linking for electron radiation. There is a non-linear, inverse correlation between TVI and in vitro wear. The wear resistance of the HXLPE with low TVI was reduced and more comparable to CPE.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"13 11","pages":"682-693"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional characteristics are associated with pain severity in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.","authors":"Chen Yue, Zhang Xue, Yan Cheng, Chaojun Sun, Youwen Liu, Bin Xu, Jiayi Guo","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.1311.BJR-2024-0105.R2","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.1311.BJR-2024-0105.R2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Pain is the most frequent complaint associated with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), but the factors contributing to such pain are poorly understood. This study explored diverse demographic, clinical, radiological, psychological, and neurophysiological factors for their potential contribution to pain in patients with ONFH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was carried out according to the \"STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology\" statement. Data on 19 variables were collected at a single timepoint from 250 patients with ONFH who were treated at our medical centre between July and December 2023 using validated instruments or, in the case of hip pain, a numerical rating scale. Factors associated with pain severity were identified using hierarchical multifactor linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regression identified the following characteristics as independently associated with higher pain score, after adjustment for potential confounders: Association Research Circulation Osseous classification stage IIIa or IIIb, bone marrow oedema, grade 3 joint effusion, as well as higher scores on pain catastrophizing, anxiety, and central sensitization. The final model explained 69.7% of observed variance in pain scores, of which clinical and radiological factors explained 37%, while psychological and neurophysiological factors explained 24% and demographic factors explained 8.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multidimensional characteristics jointly contribute to the severity of pain associated with ONFH. These findings highlight the need to comprehensively identify potential contributors to pain, and to personalize management and treatment accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"13 11","pages":"673-681"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of PA28γ expression can alleviate osteoarthritis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and promoting STAT3 phosphorylation.","authors":"Haokun Mo, Kai Sun, Yanjun Hou, Zhaoxuan Ruan, Zhiyi He, Haigang Liu, Liang Li, Zhenggang Wang, Fengjing Guo","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.1311.BJR-2023-0361.R2","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.1311.BJR-2023-0361.R2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease. PA28γ is a member of the 11S proteasome activator and is involved in the regulation of several important cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. This study aimed to explore the role of PA28γ in the occurrence and development of OA and its potential mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 120 newborn male mice were employed for the isolation and culture of primary chondrocytes. OA-related indicators such as anabolism, catabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis were detected. Effects and related mechanisms of PA28γ in chondrocyte endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were studied using western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunofluorescence. The OA mouse model was established by destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) surgery, and adenovirus was injected into the knee cavity of 15 12-week-old male mice to reduce the expression of PA28γ. The degree of cartilage destruction was evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, safranin O/fast green staining, toluidine blue staining, and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that PA28γ knockdown in chondrocytes can effectively improve anabolism and catabolism and inhibit inflammation, apoptosis, and ER stress. Moreover, PA28γ knockdown affected the phosphorylation of IRE1α and the expression of TRAF2, thereby affecting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathways, and finally affecting the inflammatory response of chondrocytes. In addition, we found that PA28γ knockdown can promote the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), thereby inhibiting ER stress in chondrocytes. The use of Stattic (an inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation) enhanced ER stress. In vivo, we found that PA28γ knockdown effectively reduced cartilage destruction in a mouse model of OA induced by the DMM surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PA28γ knockdown in chondrocytes can inhibit anabolic and catabolic dysregulation, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in OA. Moreover, PA28γ knockdown in chondrocytes can inhibit ER stress by promoting STAT3 phosphorylation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"13 11","pages":"659-672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11577458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urgent focus on enhanced recovery after surgery of AIDS patients with limb fractures.","authors":"Kangpeng Li, Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.1311.BJR-2024-0247.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.1311.BJR-2024-0247.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The incidence of limb fractures in patients living with HIV (PLWH) is increasing. However, due to their immunodeficiency status, the operation and rehabilitation of these patients present unique challenges. Currently, it is urgent to establish a standardized perioperative rehabilitation plan based on the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). This study aimed to validate the effectiveness of ERAS in the perioperative period of PLWH with limb fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 120 PLWH with limb fractures, between January 2015 and December 2023, were included in this study. We established a multidisciplinary team to design and implement a standardized ERAS protocol. The demographic, surgical, clinical, and follow-up information of the patients were collected and analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the control group, the ERAS group had a shorter operating time, hospital stay, preoperative waiting time, postoperative discharge time, less intraoperative blood loss, and higher albumin and haemoglobin on the first postoperative day. The time to removal of the urinary catheter/drainage tube was shortened, and the drainage volume was also significantly reduced in the ERAS group. There was no significant difference in the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores on postoperative return to the ward, but the ERAS group had lower scores on the first, second, and third postoperative days. There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications, other than 10% more nausea and vomiting in the control group. The limb function scores at one-year follow-up were similar between the two groups, but time to radiological fracture union and time to return to physical work and sports were significantly reduced in the ERAS group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The implementation of a series of perioperative nursing measures based on the concept of ERAS in PLWH with limb fracture can significantly reduce the operating time and intraoperative blood loss, reduce the occurrence of postoperative pain and complications, and accelerate the improvement of the functional status of the affected limb in the early stage, which is worthy of applying in more medical institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"13 11","pages":"647-658"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142614493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The antimicrobial properties of exogenous copper in human synovial fluid against Staphylococcus aureus.","authors":"Fernando Diaz Dilernia, David Watson, David E Heinrichs, Edward Vasarhelyi","doi":"10.1302/2046-3758.1311.BJR-2024-0148.R1","DOIUrl":"10.1302/2046-3758.1311.BJR-2024-0148.R1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The mechanism by which synovial fluid (SF) kills bacteria has not yet been elucidated, and a better understanding is needed. We sought to analyze the antimicrobial properties of exogenous copper in human SF against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed in vitro growth and viability assays to determine the capability of <i>S. aureus</i> to survive in SF with the addition of 10 µM of copper. We determined the minimum bactericidal concentration of copper (MBC-Cu) and evaluated its sensitivity to killing, comparing wild type (WT) and CopAZB-deficient USA300 strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UAMS-1 demonstrated a greater sensitivity to SF compared to USA300 WT at 12 hours (p = 0.001) and 24 hours (p = 0.027). UAMS-1 died in statistically significant quantities at 24 hours (p = 0.017), and USA300 WT survived at 24 hours. UAMS-1 was more susceptible to the addition of copper at four (p = 0.001), 12 (p = 0.005), and 24 hours (p = 0.006). We confirmed a high sensitivity to killing with the addition of exogenous copper on both strains at four (p = 0.011), 12 (p = 0.011), and 24 hours (p = 0.011). WT and CopAZB-deficient USA300 strains significantly died in SF, demonstrating a MBC-Cu of 50 µM against USA300 WT (p = 0.011).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SF has antimicrobial properties against <i>S. aureus</i>, and UAMS-1 was more sensitive than USA300 WT. Adding 10 µM of copper was highly toxic, confirming its bactericidal effect. We found CopAZB proteins to be involved in copper effluxion by demonstrating the high sensitivity of mutant strains to lower copper concentrations. Thus, we propose CopAZB proteins as potential targets and use exogenous copper as a treatment alternative against <i>S. aureus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":9074,"journal":{"name":"Bone & Joint Research","volume":"13 11","pages":"632-646"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}