{"title":"Pravastatin attenuates isoprenaline induced cardiac fibrosis in a mouse model.","authors":"Abhinav Rana, Thakur Uttam Singh, Meemansha Sharma, Manju Gari, Tarun Kumar, Subhashree Parida, Madhu Cholenahalli Lingaraju, Asok Kumar Mariappan, Akhilesh Kumar, Dinesh Kumar","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2260303","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2260303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the effects of pravastatin (PRAVA) on isoprenaline (ISP) induced cardiac fibrosis using four groups of mice: untreated control, PRAVA, ISP, ISP + PRAVA groups. ISP, 20 mg/kg, was administered subcutaneously daily for 14 days. PRAVA, 20 mg/kg, was administered orally daily for 14 days. Mice were sacrificed on day15 and heart and blood samples were collected to investigate cardiac injury markers. The mean body weight for the ISP group on day 15 was decreased significantly compared to day 0; PRAVA increased the mean body weight slightly on day 15 of treatment compared to day 0. The heart:body weight ratio was increased in the ISP group compared to the control group, but the ratio was returned to near control ratio in the PRAVA + ISP group. The serum creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) level was reduced significantly in the PRAVA + ISP group compared to the ISP group. Serum triglyceride level was decreased significantly in ISP + PRAVA group compared to the ISP group. PRAVA administration significantly reduced tissue collagen I and III levels in the ISP + PRAVA group compared to the ISP group. Lipid oxidation was decreased and reduced glutathione activity was increased in the PRAVA + ISP group compared to the ISP group. <i>IL-6</i>, α<i>-SMA</i>, <i>CTGF</i>, <i>TGF-β</i> and <i>SMAD-3</i> gene expressions were decreased in the PRAVA + ISP group compared to the ISP group. We found fewer inflammatory cells and less fibrosis in heart tissue in the PRAVA + ISP group compared to the ISP group. PRAVA decreased ISP induced cardiac fibrosis by reducing oxidative stress, collagen deposition and inflammation, as well as by decreasing expression of <i>TGF-β</i>, <i>SMAD-3</i> and <i>CTGF</i> genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41182018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyprian Weaver, Marie Antony, Jack Fite, Paari Murugan, Andrew C Nelson, Juan C Manivel
{"title":"Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART): a newly characterized neuropeptide in human prostate.","authors":"Cyprian Weaver, Marie Antony, Jack Fite, Paari Murugan, Andrew C Nelson, Juan C Manivel","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2245328","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2245328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) is a somatostatin-like polypeptide. CART has been localized in the CNS, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, pancreatic islets and enteric nervous system. We investigated the cellular localization of CART in normal human prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and acinar adenocarcinoma. CART was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH), and its gene expression was identified by RTqPCR. We found cellular expression of CART in both normal prostatic luminal secretory epithelial cells neuroendocrine cells (NEC) of both ducts and acini. The cellular appearance indicated a cycle of neuropeptide synthesis and secretion as validated by ISH/IHC concordance. RTqPCR analysis also validated the immunohistochemical data and gene expression, which both indicated low to moderate expression in prostatic tissues. CART expression also was increased in both neuroendocrine and glandular epithelial cell populations from samples of benign prostatic hyperplasia as validated by IHC, ISH and RTqPCR. CART expression was markedly diminished and, in some cases, entirely absent in tissues of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma. Owing to loss of CART expression in adenocarcinoma and its increase in benign prostatic hyperplasia, CART may prove to be an important prostate marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10415540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disulfiram ameliorates bleomycin induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in rats.","authors":"Negar Hamidi, Farideh Feizi, Abbas Azadmehr, Ebrahim Zabihi, Soraya Khafri, Zeinab Zarei-Behjani, Zahra Babazadeh","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2261367","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2261367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bleomycin (BL) is a widely used anticancer drug that can cause pulmonary fibrosis due to increased fibroblast proliferation and increased secretion of extracellular matrix. <i>RASSF1A</i> is a tumor suppressor gene that is down-regulated by DNA methylation during fibrosis. Disulfiram (DSF), a noncytosine DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, can revert epigenetic biomarkers and re-express silenced genes. We investigated anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of DSF on regulation of epigenetic molecules and histopathology in a rat model of BL induced pulmonary fibrosis. We used six groups of rats: sesame oil (SO) control (Co) group, BL group, BL + SO group and three BL + DSF groups administered 1 mg/kg DSF (BL + DSF), 10 mg/kg DSF (BL + DSF10) or 100 mg/kg DSF (BL + DSF100), respectively. BL was administered intratracheally to induce pulmonary fibrosis. DSF and SO were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) 2 days before BL administration; these injections were continued for 3 weeks. At the end of the study, lung tissues were removed for molecular and histopathologic studies. Administration of 10 or 100 mg/kg DSF after BL induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, and up-regulated <i>RASSF1A</i> and down-regulated <i>TNF-α</i> and <i>IL-1 β</i> compared to the BL and BL + SO groups. A <i>RASSF1A</i> unmethylated band was observed using the methylation-specific PCR technique in rats that had been administered 10 and 100 mg/kg DSF, which indicated partial DNA demethylation. Histopathologic evaluation revealed that fibrosis and all inflammatory scores were decreased significantly in the BL + DSF10 and BL + DSF100 groups compared to the BL group. Our findings indicate that DSF modified DNA methylation by up-regulating <i>RASSF1A</i>, which reduced inflammation and fibrosis in BL induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41115583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of nicorandil on QT prolongation and myocardial damage caused by citalopram in rats.","authors":"Gozde Akturk, Serap Cilaker Micili, Ozlem Gursoy Doruk, Nil Hocaoglu, Pinar Akan, Bekir Ugur Ergur, Samar Ahmed, Sule Kalkan","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2233417","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2233417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citalopram is a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant; it exhibits the greatest cardiotoxic effect among SSRIs. Citalopram can cause drug-induced long QT syndrome (LQTS) and ventricular arrhythmias. We investigated the protective effect of nicorandil, a selective mitochondrial K<sub>ATP</sub> (mito-K<sub>ATP</sub>) channel opener, on LQTS and myocardial damage caused by citalopram in male rats. In a preliminary study, we determined that the minimum citalopram dose that prolonged the QT interval was 102 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally. For the main study, rats were divided randomly into five experimental groups: untreated control, normal saline + citalopram, nicorandil + citalopram, 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) + citalopram, 5-HD + nicorandil + citalopram. Biochemical and histologic data from blood and heart tissue samples from six untreated control rats were evaluated. Electrocardiographic parameters including QRS duration, QT interval, corrected QT interval (QTc) and heart rate (HR) were assessed, and biochemical parameters including malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase were measured. We also performed histomorphologic and immunohistochemical examination of heart tissue. Citalopram prolonged QT-QTc intervals significantly and increased significantly the histomorphologic score and proportion of apoptotic cells, but produced no differences in the oxidant and antioxidant parameters. Nicorandil did not prevent citalopram induced QT-QTc interval prolongation and produced no significant changes in oxidant and antioxidant parameters; however, it did reduce histologic damage and apoptosis caused by citalopram.</p>","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9886832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gülsüm Toparlı Doğan, Remziye Aysun Kepekçi, Nuray Bostancıeri, Mehmet Tarakçıoğlu
{"title":"Protective effect of <i>Arum maculatum</i> against dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis in rats.","authors":"Gülsüm Toparlı Doğan, Remziye Aysun Kepekçi, Nuray Bostancıeri, Mehmet Tarakçıoğlu","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2225226","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2225226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease of the large intestine that is characterized by diarrhea, bloody stools, abdominal pain and mucosal ulceration. UC is treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids or immunosuppressants, but long-term use of these drugs can cause adverse effects. <i>Arum maculatum</i> is used as a traditional treatment for digestive system disorders, but its use for treatment of UC has not been investigated rigorously. We investigated the possible protective effect of a methanol extract of <i>A</i>. <i>maculatum</i> against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced experimental UC in rats. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were 32.919 ± 1.125 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 52.045 ± 7.902 µg rutin equivalent (RE)/mg, respectively. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) for the extract was 105.76 µg/ml according to the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay. Effects of <i>A. maculatum</i> extract on UC induced by DSS were assessed both macroscopically and histologically. We also investigated effects of <i>A. maculatum</i> extract on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the oxidative stress index (OSI) in normal rats and rats with UC. We found that treatment with <i>A. maculatum</i> extract protected the colon against DSS induced UC in a dose-dependent manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9740465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using extract from alkanet <i>(Alkanna tinctoria)</i> as a source of both a red lipid stain and a blue counterstain for histology.","authors":"Hayfaa A Alshamar, Richard W Dapson","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2271397","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2271397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alkanet (<i>Alkanna tinctoria</i>) is a plant native to and cultivated in parts of Europe, Asia and the Middle East. It has been used for thousands of years as a medicinal agent and as a colorant for textiles, food and cosmetics. An extract from the root of this plant has been used with a mordant to stain nuclei. We describe here the versatility of different extracts from this plant to stain lipids red and to counterstain certain other tissue elements blue. The color variation and selective differential staining is due to solvent polarity and pH. Extracts contain numerous chemical species, all of which are derivatives of the indicator dye, naphthazurin. Our red extract is nonionic below pH 7 and partitions from its somewhat polar solvent of 100% isopropanol to nonpolar lipids. The blue extract is dianionic at high pH in 70% isopropanol and binds ionically to cationic tissue structures such as collagen, muscle and cytoplasm of other cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71410410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunohistochemical evaluation of hormones secreted by pancreatic endocrine tumors.","authors":"Anne Mones, Sheila Criswell","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2260307","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2260307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endocrine component of the pancreas is located primarily in the islets of Langerhans, but is also found as single cells among the acinar cells and duct epithelium. It currently is thought that endocrine tumors of the pancreas (PETs) arise from pluripotent stem cells located within the ductal epithelium rather than from existing endocrine cells. Islet cell components include alpha, beta, PP, delta and epsilon cells, which secrete glucagon, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin and ghrelin, respectively. We investigated immunohistochemical labeling of 24 formalin fixed paraffin embedded PETs to identify which hormones were produced most frequently. Glucagon was the most frequently secreted hormone (83%) in PETS followed by insulin, ghrelin, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin.</p>","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41098772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tribute to Chuck Willis.","authors":"Richard Dapson","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2205205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10520295.2023.2205205","url":null,"abstract":"I met Chuck Willis in the 1980’s at one of the annual meetings of the Biological Stain Commission. I had known about the Commission’s activities with dyes for years and had always sought out Commissioncertified products for my teaching and research activities. What I did not realize, however, was the amount of work involved behind those little certification labels. At our formal dinner that year, I had the good fortune to sit close to Chuck and ply him with questions. He described some of the tests, and as my curiosity grew, he described the record-keeping aspects. He gave many details, but characteristically omitted something very important: he was the one who did so much of the work. Decades later, as I was reviewing certification procedures for possible revision, I obtained copies of pertinent paperwork. There in Chuck’s handwriting were not only the “facts,” but annotations that revealed just how perceptive he was. It became obvious to me that his dedication to detail truly enhanced the value of the BSC Lab’s archives. Each time we met in Rochester, NY, we made time to simply sit and get to know one another better. Frequently his wife, Lorraine, and my wife, Janet, joined in. We learned about Chuck’s dedication to youth and how he coached them for many years in the art and skill of camping. He obviously derived a great personal satisfaction in helping those boys. His stories shed a bright light upon this man whom I had known previously only as a meticulous record keeper and lab worker. On behalf of the Biological Stain Commission, I thank you, Chuck Willis, for being so instrumental in building our organization.","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9447222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}