Biotechnic & Histochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Romanowsky staining: history, recent advances and future prospects from a chemistry perspective.","authors":"Valeriy Kalinin, Pavel Padnya, Ivan Stoikov","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2273860","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2273860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Romanowsky staining was an important methodological breakthrough in diagnostic hematology and cytopathology during the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries; it has facilitated for decades the work of biologists, hematologists and pathologists working with blood cells. Despite more than a century of studying Romanowsky staining, no systematic review has been published that explains the chemical processes that produce the \"Romanowsky effect\" or \"Romanowsky-Giemsa effect\" (RGE), i.e., a purple coloration arising from the interaction of an azure dye with eosin and not due merely to their simultaneous presence. Our review is an attempt to build a bridge between chemists and biomedical scientists and to summarize the available data on methylene blue (MB) demethylation as well as the related reduction and decomposition of MB to simpler compounds by both light and enzyme systems and microorganisms. To do this, we analyze modern data on the mechanisms of MB demethylation both in the presence of acids and bases and by disproportionation due to the action of light. We also offer an explanation for why the RGE occurs only when azure B, or to a lesser extent, azure A is present by applying experimental and calculated physicochemical parameters including dye-DNA binding constants and electron density distributions in the molecules of these ligands. Finally, we discuss modern techniques for obtaining new varieties of Romanowsky dyes by modifying previously known ones. We hope that our critical literature study will help scientists understand better the chemical and physicochemical processes and mechanisms of cell staining with such dyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71477689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the protective effects of silymarin and thymoquinone in the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model.","authors":"Merve Solmaz, Ender Erdogan, Dervis Dasdelen, Rasim Mogulkoc, Husamettin Vatansev, Fikret Akyurek, Hanefi Ozbek","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2024.2421511","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520295.2024.2421511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silymarin and thymoquinone exert neuroprotective effects, although their combined effects in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models are unknown. We compared the effect of silymarin and thymoquinone in an I/R rat model. Wistar rats were divided into five groups: SHAM, REP (I/R), SIR (200 mg/kg silymarin+I/R), TIR (3 mg/kg thymoquinone+I/R), and STIR (200 mg/kg silymarin+3-mg thymoquinone+I/R). The rats underwent bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 30 min and neurological assessments 24 h thereafter. Apoptosis was evaluated using anti-caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Astrocyte activation was determined using an anti-GFAP antibody. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels were measured. SHAM and REP rats had the lowest and highest neurological scores, respectively (p = 0.001). REP rats showed greater deterioration than SIR, TIR, and STIR rats. SIR, TIR, and STIR rats had fewer TUNEL and caspase-3-positive cells than REP rats (p<0.05). GFAP expression was higher in REP rats (p<0.05) than in SIR, TIR, and STIR rats (p<0.05). SIR and TIR rats showed higher TAS than REP rats (p<0.05). SIR, TIR, and STIR rats had lower TMAO values than REP and SHAM rats (p<0.05). Silymarin/thymoquinone reduces impairment, apoptosis, and astrocyte activation. Combination therapy reduces TMAO levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"387-404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The renaissance of multipurpose AMeX method over conventional tissue processing method in the current diagnostic era: a comparative study.","authors":"Hanspal Singh, Priya Kumar, Aadithya B Urs, Jeyaseelan Augustine, Sujata Mohanty, Somesh Kumar, Bhaskar Narayan","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2024.2434743","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520295.2024.2434743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many attempts have been made to simplify tissue fixation and processing prior to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and genomic DNA extraction. The acetone-methyl benzoate-xylene (AMeX) method, is gaining popularity as an alternative to aqueous formaldehyde fixation followed by alcohol dehydration. We have assessed the efficacy of AMeX for the quality of extracted genomic DNA in addition to H&E and IHC in biopsy specimens of human oral mucosal lesions of size not more than 1 cm. H&E staining showed similar results when AMeX method was compared with conventional fixation and processing. Improved IHC staining quality was observed in the sections of AMeX-processed tissue, as were improved quality and quantity of genomic DNA.</p>","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"432-436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stains recently certified.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2024.2286747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10520295.2024.2286747","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":"99 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139401689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of chlorogenic acid against cyclophosphamide induced liver injury in mice.","authors":"Hao Hao, Youmei Xu, Rui Chen, Shanshan Qi, Xiang Liu, Beibei Lin, Xiaohua Chen, Xiaoying Zhang, Lijuan Yue, Chen Chen","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2287452","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520295.2023.2287452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated possible protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) against cyclophosphamide (CP) induced hepatic injury in mice. We measured aminotransferase alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels in the serum. We assayed catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatic tissue. We assessed expression of nuclear transcription factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch sample related protein-1 (keap1) proteins in hepatic tissues using immunohistochemistry. The relative mRNA expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NADH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Hematoxylin & eosin staining was used to assess liver histopathology. We found that administration of CGA prior to induction of injury by CP decreased serum ALT, AST and MDA expressions in hepatic tissue, while CAT, SOD, GSH and GSH-Px concentrations were increased. We found that hepatocytes of animals administered CGA gradually returned to normal morphology. CGA increased the protein expression of Nrf2 in murine hepatic tissue. Administration of CGA up-regulated mRNA expression levels of <i>HO-1</i>, <i>NQO1</i>, <i>TNF-α</i> and <i>IL-6</i> in hepatic tissue. CGA exhibited a marked protective effect on CP induced liver injury in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"33-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138450826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of licorice root (<i>Glycyrrhiza glabra)</i> extract on the livers of obese rats.","authors":"Ahmet Uyar, Barış Özdere, Turan Yaman, Ahmet Ufuk Kömüroğlu","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2024.2401159","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520295.2024.2401159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have investigated anti-obesity effects of the extract of licorice (<i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i>) root in rats with diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia by using histopathological and biochemical methods. Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were divided to four groups of eight: normal control (C), high fat diet (HFD), high fat Diet + <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> (HFD+M), and normal diet with <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> (M). The high fat diet contained 300 g/kg fat (4000 kcal/kg); the daily dosage of <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> extract was 1g/kg body weight by orogastric gavage. Supplementation of <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> extract dramatically reduced increases in body weight caused by the induction of obesity. A hepatoprotective effect of <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> extract was supported by the almost normal histology in the livers of the HFD+M rats, in contrast to the degenerative changes in the HFD rats, which included macrovesicular and microvesicular fat deposits, hydropic degeneration, dilatation of sinusoids and coagulation necrosis of some hepatocytes. Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartic transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cholesterol (HDL and LDL) and triglycerides, were ameliorated by <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> extract treatment. We conclude that <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> extract given together with HFD could prevent obesity and reduce liver damage in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"370-378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effect of berberine against 5-fluorouracil induced ovarian toxicity in rats.","authors":"Selim Demir, Nihal Turkmen Alemdar, Hatice Kucuk, Elif Ayazoglu Demir, Ahmet Menteşe, Yuksel Aliyazıcıoğlu","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2024.2415005","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520295.2024.2415005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Berberine (BER) is a naturally occurring alkaloid with a multitude of beneficial effects on human health. Although it is one of the most studied phytochemicals, its curative effect against ovarian damage caused by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has not been demonstrated to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of BER against 5-FU-induced ovotoxicity, focusing on its ability to attenuate oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. The 30 female rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control, BER (2 mg/kg), 5-FU (100 mg/kg), 5-FU+BER (1 mg/kg) and 5-FU+BER (2 mg/kg). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and caspase-3 were determined using spectrophotometric methods. In addition, ovarian samples were evaluated histopathologically using hematoxylin&eosin staining method. The MDA, TOS, 8-OHdG, IL-6, TNF-α and caspase-3 levels significantly increased by 5-FU administration. Also, we found that 5-FU significantly decreased TAS, SOD and CAT levels. Treatments with BER significantly attenuated the 5-FU-induced ovarian damage via increasing the antioxidant capacity and reducing the oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the ovoprotective effect of BER was also confirmed by histopathological evaluation. BER may be evaluated as a potential candidate molecule to reduce 5-FU-induced ovarian toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"379-385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of abemaciclib and curcumin administration on sex hormones, reproductive functions, and oxidative DNA expression in rats.","authors":"Zübeyir Huyut, Bünyamin Uçar, Kenan Yıldızhan, Fikret Altındağ, Mehmet Tahir Huyut","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2024.2389524","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520295.2024.2389524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated whether abemaciclib (ABE) administration had any adverse effects on ovarian and sex hormones in female rats, and the protective effect of curcumin. Forty female rats were equally divided into the sham control, DMSO, curcumin (CMN), ABE, and ABE+CMN groups. Pharmaceuticals were administered by gavage daily for 28 days. Serum sex hormones were measured in an autoanalyzer operating with a microparticle immunoassay method. In addition, histopathological examination and 8-OHdG expression were performed on the ovarian tissue. Progesterone and testosterone levels were significantly decreased, while estradiol levels were significantly increased, <b>in the ABE</b> group compared to the sham and DMSO groups. In addition, there were significant differences in sex hormone levels in the CMN and/or CMN+ABE groups compared to the ABE group. There was decreased expression of 8-OHdG in the ABE+CMN group compared to the ABE or CMN only groups. This study exhibited that ABE administration can adversely affect functions and histology of the ovarian tissue, but CMN therapy may be protective against the adverse effects on ovarian in ABE-induced rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"339-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in routine adult tonsillectomies.","authors":"Leica Barnhart, Chloe Balzer, Sheila Criswell","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2024.2389535","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10520295.2024.2389535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i>, a curved bacterial rod and causative agent of peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma, is found as an infectious agent in the stomach of over half of the global population. <i>H. pylori</i> has been identified in oral biofilms and its presence in adenotonsillar tissues has been suggested, with variations in testing methodology both proving and disproving its presence. The current study employed 119 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tonsillar tissues from an adult population (n=86) in a major metropolitan city with immunohistochemistry procedures using a monoclonal antibody to determine the incidence of <i>H. pylori</i> in the tonsils. <i>H. pylori</i> was identified in 72.1% of the patients and was associated with <i>Actinomyces spp</i>. in 92.0% of those cases. The high incidence of <i>H. pylori</i> in patients undergoing tonsillectomy suggests that <i>H. pylori</i> may be a contributing factor for tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy. Furthermore, the reservoir for <i>H. pylori</i> in the tonsils may explain why some persons remain refractory to antibiotic treatment for gastric <i>H. pylori</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"348-356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized biomarker evaluation and molecular testing in the era of breast cancer precision medicine.","authors":"David G Hicks,Bradley M Turner","doi":"10.1080/10520295.2024.2390179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10520295.2024.2390179","url":null,"abstract":"Ground breaking advances in medicine, driven in part by major technologic developments in molecular biology have led us to a new model for cancer care that has been termed personalized, or precision medicine. Precision medicine is a model for making medical decisions that employs an innovative clinical approach and advanced tumor testing methods that are tailored to understanding an individual patient's tumor biology and the molecular drivers of their disease. This medical model includes a combination of diagnostic testing and specific treatment options that can be offered to patients at presentation and in theory throughout the course of their disease as new mutations arise with the development of disease recurrence. Although the precision medicine model offers incredible potential to transform cancer care, these advances are only meaningful when they reach the correct patients. The evolving paradigm of precision medicine is changing the practice of pathology, and the pathology community needs to be mindful of these changes because every tissue specimen represents a patient's life, and those patients are depending on the pathology community to handle their tissue correctly. The diagnostic tests performed in the pathology laboratory for precision medicine are increasingly complex, and pathologists along with the entire laboratory and clinical communities need to take steps to ensure that the right diagnosis is given to the right patient to inform the right treatment options, at the right time, along every step of the continuum of care for cancer patients. While hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression and/or amplification have been the mainstay for risk-stratification, and treatment decision making in breast cancer since the early 2000's, the seminal work on gene expression by Perou and colleagues in the early 2000's opened the door for molecular testing in the prognostic and predictive assessment of breast cancer. Molecular testing is now part of the standard of care in the precision medicine model for breast cancer care. In this article, the reader will gain a better understanding of how the lack of standardization of pre-analytic factors has the potential to negatively impact the quality of the tissue specimen for downstream biomarker and molecular testing, which ultimately can negatively affect patient care. The reader will also gain insight into the current climate surrounding molecular testing in breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":8970,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnic & Histochemistry","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}