Biofabrication最新文献

{"title":"Enabling volumetric printing of low viscosity hyaluronic acid-based resins through fast crosslinking reactions.","authors":"Therese Steudter, Aleeza Farrukh, Cao Nguyen Duong, Petra Herbeck-Engel, Aránzazu Del Campo","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7206","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most (bio)resins for volumetric printing (VP) are based on (meth)acrylated polymer precursors mixed with gelatine or Pluronic as thermoreversible thickening agents. Here we investigate if fast photocrosslinking reactions, like the thiol-ene, allow VP of low viscosity bioresins without the need of viscosity modifiers. We used a 4% w/v hyaluronic acid norbornene (HA-NB) resin with viscosity <0.1 Pa s, a frequently used matrix for encapsulation of cells. Using light doses in the range of 150-200 mJ cm^-2, stable 8 × 5 × 2 mm³crosslinked scaffolds with internal bifurcated channels down to ∼200<i>µ</i>m dimensions were printed in <30 s. At this concentration, HA methacrylate (HA-MA) resins with comparable viscosity and functionalization degree did not form stable structures. RGD-functionalized HA-NB scaffolds were printed in the presence of fibroblasts and showed homogeneous cell distribution across the scaffold, with cell viability >90%. Encapsulated cells spread and showed fibroblast-like morphology in 7 d cultures. We demonstrate volumetric bioprinting of low molecular weight HA-based bioresins without viscosity modifiers and in the absence of post-printing steps.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148004391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Swivel Microwell platform for rotational assembly and co-culture of multiple spheroids.","authors":"Seongyeol Baeck, Junseon Park, Seungjin Lee, Joong Yull Park","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7b05","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7b05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures often fail to replicate the complex three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments found<i>in vivo</i>, where cells interact with biochemical and mechanical cues. Emerging 3D co-culture platforms better mimic intercellular interactions, cellular differentiation, and drug responses; however, existing methods-such as hydrogel encapsulation and hanging droplets-face challenges in accessibility, scalability, and ease of use. This paper presents the Swivel Microwell, a novel platform that enables efficient spheroid pairing through a simple rotational mechanism. The device, fabricated using computerized numerical control-machined poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) molds and by casting polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), utilizes gravity, surface tension, and hydrostatic pressure to facilitate spheroid assembly without the need for specialized equipment. Controlled air bubble nucleation guides precise microwell formation, allowing custom well structures on multiple surfaces. Experimental and numerical analyses confirm the platform's ability to generate multiple spheroid pairs and demonstrate its potential for high-throughput applications. The design is expected to support complex co-culture systems, including 2D-3D hybrids and multispheroid assemblies when modified. The Swivel Microwell offers an accessible, scalable, and versatile tool for dynamic spheroid manipulation, opening new possibilities for tissue engineering, drug screening, and cellular biology research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148209995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprinted bonoid-on-a-chip model for studying drug effects on human osteocyte differentiation.","authors":"Julia Scheinpflug, Chris Tina Höfer, Matthias Steinfath, Alexander Thomas, Sarah S Schmerbeck, Thilo John, Marlon R Schneider, Gilbert Schönfelder, Frank Schulze, Marta Barenys","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7ed2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ae7ed2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteocytes form an extensive dendritic network within bone tissue that senses mechanical and biochemical stimuli, critical for bone homeostasis. However, the complex interplay between mechanotransduction, oxygen tension, and osteocyte differentiation remains difficult to study due to the lack of physiologically relevant human<i>in vitro</i>models. Previously, we developed a microphysiological system (MPS) that integrates perfusion, mechanical loading, and oxygen control within a culture platform that enables the culture of bone-like three-dimensional (3D) constructs [1]. Here, we demonstrate the application of this MPS as Bonoid-on-a-chip (BoC)-platform to investigate osteoblast-to-early osteocyte transition and mechanosensitive signalling in a human-relevant 3D context, under different physical and chemical conditions. We generated bonoids by bioprinting primary human osteoblasts into a gelatine-hydrogel and cultured them under either static conditions or as dynamic BoC. Different BoC environments consisting in controlled perfusion (0.5 ml min^-1), mechanical loading (0% or 10% compression, 1 Hz frequency), and physiological oxygen tension (21% or 12%) over a seven-day period were compared. These different models were additionally treated with dexamethasone (DEXA), to evaluate early osteocyte-targeted effects of drug exposure under these different conditions. We observed high cell viability across all conditions, but clear differences in metabolic activity, morphological changes, and mechanotransduction markers between static and dynamic cultures. Notably, cells within the BoC-platform exhibited extended dendritic processes and significantly increased secretion of prostaglandin E2 and nitrite in response to mechanical stimulation - hallmarks of osteocytic signalling in mechanotransduction. When testing the new BoC as platform for early osteocyte-targeted investigations, we found DEXA exposure disrupting this mechanoresponsive phenotype, highlighting the model's applicability for pharmacological screening. These findings demonstrate the value of our BoC-platform as a human-relevant model for studying bone mechanobiology and drug responses<i>in vitro</i>. This approach offers a promising alternative to animal models in bone research and opens new avenues for investigating osteocyte function under physiologically dynamic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision bioprinting-based extrusion of tumour spheroids on pre-matured<i>in vitro</i>tissue models on demand.","authors":"Marieke Kramer, Klaudija Janic, Rasika Murkar, Angelina Weddig, Jörg Vierhaus, Julian Thiele, Sascha Kopp","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7c37","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7c37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue-engineered tumour models utilizing organ-specific three-dimensional (3D) tumour spheroids are crucial for developing and validating novel imaging systems targeted to their detection. This study explores the use of 3D bioprinting to develop and standardize the precise placement of tumour spheroids on prefabricated tissue models. These models can be used as a validation platform for novel biomedical diagnostic devices. Such integrated systems enable rapid, minimally invasive detection and characterization of cancer cells, reducing reliance on traditional biopsy-based methods. The standardized deposition of spheroids onto prefabricated tissue models required 1. The development of a spring-loaded bracket to keep tissue samples in a defined position during 3D printing; 2. A custom-made, Python-based graphical user interface to facilitate the determination of spheroid printing positions within a standard 12-well cell culture plate. The program digitally reproduces the plate layout within a Cartesian coordinate system centred at the plate<b>'</b>s geometric midpoint, ensuring compatibility with standard 3D bioprinter coordinate systems; 3. A standardized workflow to define the time-point of extrusion of spheroids and placement onto tissue, which is predetermined accurately by suspending the spheroids in density-matched methylcellulose solution. The accurate placement of individual tumour spheroids (∼500<i>µ</i>m) onto prefabricated tissue models was validated using a custom-made positioning analysis plate, yielding results of translational offset at<i>x</i>=21.50<i>µ</i>m and<i>y</i>= 18.63<i>µ</i>m. This work utilizes simple-to-follow and readily available lab instruments and customized 3D bioprinters, rather than acquiring specialized equipment. Future studies will focus on shortening the workflow presented here and assessing its adaptability to other particle-based tissue models, e.g. microgels.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148223108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D bone printing via ultrasound-mediated osteogenic differentiation of stem cells (3DBonUS).","authors":"Martina Marcotulli, Chiara Patuto, Chiara Scognamiglio, Federico Serpe, Lucia Iafrate, Efsun Senturk, Sara Keller, Davide De Grandi, Biagio Palmisano, Alessandro Corsi, Mara Riminucci, Giancarlo Ruocco, Dario Carugo, Gianluca Cidonio","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae8061","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae8061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone disorders and skeletal defects represent a significant clinical challenge, often requiring transplantation techniques limited by donor site morbidity and insufficient regenerative potential. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) strategies using 3D bioprinting have emerged as promising alternatives, but their efficacy is limited by the difficulty of directing stem cell differentiation in a controlled and reproducible manner. To address this limitation, we are proposing 3D bone printing via ultrasound-mediated osteogenic differentiation of stem cells (referred to here as '3DBonUS'). This biofabrication approach integrates low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) with a microfluidic-assisted 3D bioprinting system. This unprecedented approach enables biophysical stimulation of human bone marrow stromal cells during the fabrication of scaffolds, promoting osteogenic differentiation without the need for extensive post-fabrication treatments. In addition, the incorporation of microbubbles enhanced the effects of LIPUS by amplifying mechanical signals at the cellular level. Our results revealed that the 3DBonUS system significantly upregulated key osteogenic markers (RUNX-2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), COL1A1, bone morphogenetic protein-2, OCN and OPN) as confirmed by immunofluorescence and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Moreover, the LIPUS-treated constructs showed a significant (<i>p</i>< 0.05) increase in ALP activity and calcium deposition, indicating enhanced mineralisation. The biofabricated constructs maintained high cell viability while exhibiting improved osteogenic differentiation, surpassing traditional 3D bioprinting approaches in both efficiency and efficacy. The 3DBonUS strategy represents a new modality in skeletal TERM, combining biofabrication with targeted mechanical stimulation, with potential for scalability of scaffold manufacturing and clinical application. Future studies will aim to validate the functional skeletal scaffolds<i>in vivo</i>to assess their regenerative potential, with the goal of advancing patient-specific bone implants with enhanced osteogenic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148300847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magneto-Archimedes based 3D cell economic bioassembly.","authors":"Xuhao Zhou, Miribani Maitusong, Qianqian Wang, Ying Gao, Xiaoqian Hong, Geer Tian, Junhua He, Ying Lin, Xiaoxue Li, Yang Zhu, Yuhong Zhan, Xianbao Liu, Tanchen Ren, Jian'an Wang","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae81e7","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae81e7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Constructing three-dimensional (3D) cell assemblies is a critical step in bioengineering, and biomimetic fidelity largely depends on cellular density and spatial distribution. However, directly increasing cell density in bioinks often causes substantial cell loss during bioprinting. Here, we introduce a Magneto-Archimedes effect-based 3D cell-economic bioassembly strategy (3D-MACE) that achieves high cell density (up to 10^-8cells ml^-1), low cell loss (<5%), high controllability, and excellent accessibility. Using a vertically aligned pair of magnet arrays with identical polarization direction, a 3D magnetic field pattern was generated in the intervening space, which remotely drive and assemble diamagnetic cells in a paramagnetic culture medium to form 3D configurations according to the magnetic field patterns. This setup is easy to assemble, extends the effective manipulation height, and enables complex 3D architectures beyond spheroid-based assemblies. The 3D-MACE method allows precise cell manipulation within confined and structurally complex environments (e.g. porous scaffolds and meshes), facilitates the formation of customized patterns such as the Bagua trigram, and automatically separates cells in distributions by mass density. Using this approach, we readily generated 3D cell migration and angiogenesis models<i>in-vitro</i>. This work presents a novel 3D bioassembly strategy that effectively resolves the trade-off between achieving high-density cell constructs and minimizing cell loss during biofabrication.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148315635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open-air human skin equivalent platform enabling photobiological studies and topical product testing.","authors":"Suzuha Asano, Yuya Morimoto","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae81e8","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae81e8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human skin equivalents (HSEs) are widely used for photobiological research and cosmetic product testing. However, their use is typically limited to sterile environments, restricting realistic manipulations such as direct sunlight exposure or topical product application. In this study, we propose an open-air culture platform with a structurally integrated barrier architecture that allows melanocyte-containing HSEs to be maintained and evaluated outside of clean environments. The platform exposes only the cornified epidermal surface to air while shielding non-barrier regions using a medium-permeable nylon sheet and surrounding device components that mechanically support the HSE and maintain a stable air-liquid configuration. This configuration enables the natural barrier function of the cornified layer to operate effectively, preserving sterility and supporting tissue viability. Upon ultraviolet irradiation, the HSEs exhibit visible pigmentation responses with a moderate increase in pigmentation (∼1.5-fold), enabling quantitative assessment of tanning responses. Moreover, application of commercial sunscreens results in dose-dependent suppression of pigmentation, reducing this response to near-baseline levels and validating the platform for sunscreen efficacy testing. Furthermore, the platform maintains both tissue viability and barrier function under natural sunlight and wind, demonstrating its robustness for real-world applications. This platform provides a versatile tool for evaluating the photobiological safety and efficacy of skincare products in realistic environments and establishes a fabrication strategy that bridges conventional in vitro skin models and real-world environmental exposure testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148315626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiber-reinforced printing (FiRePrint)-a novel method for the production of load-oriented 3D scaffolds in biohybrid implants.","authors":"Alexander Loewen, Yasmin Kuhn, Tobias Call, David Möllering, Lina Boughezala, Ingold Seidl, Mehdi Behbahani, Stefan Jockenhoevel","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae8060","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae8060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personalized medicine focuses on the needs of individual patients and includes the use of biohybrid implants. Various textile or additively manufactured structures have been designed as load-orientated scaffolds, but they all have specific limitations. The aim of this study was to develop a new process known as fiber-reinforced printing (FiRePrint) for the fabrication of load-oriented 3D scaffolds for biohybrid implants. The FiRePrint process is intended to combine the specific advantages of textiles (high tensile strength and flexibility in a thin material) and 3D printing (ability to produce complex 3D structures). A fused deposition modeling printer was modified to facilitate continuous textile fiber feeding to the print head. This allowed the production of composite structures comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix and continuous fiber reinforcement using a polyethylene terephthalate multi-filament yarn. We also examined the mechanical properties, microscopic morphology and cell biology of the resulting scaffolds. We were able to print thin-walled (150<i>µ</i>m layer height) scaffold structures with the flexibility of TPU and the Young's modulus and tensile strength of a textile. We were also able to print single tracks, open-porous and closed surfaces, and complex load-oriented structures (2D and 3D). The scaffold structures showed no cytotoxicity and supported cell viability, adhesion, proliferation and confluence. By combining the design flexibility of 3D printing with the mechanical properties of continuous textile fibers, we were able to fabricate load-oriented scaffolds for biohybrid implants without the current limitations of classic fabrication strategies. Our novel manufacturing technology can be used to produce biomedical scaffold structures with enhanced biomimetic mechanical properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148300834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering programmable tumor microenvironment interactions through single-cell bioprinting of spatially defined cell microarrays.","authors":"Haylie R Helms, Luiz E Bertassoni","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7bc6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ae7bc6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer evolution is increasingly understood as a byproduct of dynamic interactions between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment, with local cellular neighborhoods serving as key regulators of disease-relevant behavior. While spatial biology studies of healthy and malignant tissues have revealed spatial features correlating with clinical outcomes, the mechanisms by which individual cell interactions propagate to shape cancer evolution remain difficult to resolve in native tissues. Here, we use single-cell bioprinting to engineer tumor microenvironment interactions through spatially defined cell microarrays in which individual cells can be positioned with micrometer-scale precision and high reproducibility, enabling systematic control of cell composition, spacing, density, and spatial arrangement. As a proof of concept, we combined breast cancer cells with patient-derived myoepithelial cells to construct reductionist microenvironments and independently test how local cancer cell density and spatial organization influence tumor-relevant behavior. We show that increasing local cancer cell density suppresses myoepithelial migration while promoting greater cancer cell territorial expansion, consistent with a shift toward a more permissive microenvironment for cancer cell exploration. When cell number and relative ratio are held constant, spatial arrangement alone further alters cancer behavior by determining whether cancer cells remain locally confined within repeated short-range interactions or exhibit directional displacement toward neighboring myoepithelial populations. Together, this work establishes single-cell bioprinting of spatially defined cell microarrays as a platform for moving from correlative spatial observations to controlled and programmable determination of how individual cell interactions propagate through local cellular neighborhoods to shape cancer progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and breakthroughs in muscular organ repair: biomimetic material design and advanced manufacturing strategies.","authors":"Xian-Bin Sun, Chen-Yu Zou, Jesse Li-Ling, Hui-Qi Xie","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7bc7","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7bc7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on the profound consistencies in structural composition, physiological functions, and pathological responses, we defined the stomach, esophagus, intestines, bladder, urethra, uterus, and vagina as 'Muscular Organs' for the first time. Current repair strategies for muscular organ defects predominantly emphasize structural reconstruction while often neglecting functional restoration; thus, the introduction of this concept aims to explore novel biomaterial design strategies for their repair. This review systematically elucidates the anatomical homologies, shared pathological mechanisms, and regenerative bottlenecks of muscular organs. Regarding regenerative solutions, we highlight biomimetic design principles primarily driven by structural mimicry and supplemented by functional modifications, alongside the application of advanced manufacturing technologies in constructing these biomaterials. Furthermore, we prospectively discuss the breakthrough potential of cutting-edge technologies. Ultimately, we hope that this concept proposal will provide novel perspectives on material design for muscular organ repair and promote the broader application of biomimetic strategies in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}