Biofabrication最新文献

{"title":"Modeling glioblastoma niche-by-niche: recent advancements in bioengineering of organotypic models of glioblastoma for precision medicine.","authors":"Kimia Abedi, Cheick Sissoko, Sirjana Pun, Sumedha Kappagantula, Beatrice Zucca, Riccardo Barrile","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7832","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive and recalcitrant primary malignancy of the central nervous system, characterized by profound intratumoral heterogeneity and a formidable capacity for adaptive therapeutic resistance. This phenotypic plasticity is orchestrated by the tumor microenvironment (TME), which functions as a dynamic clockwork mechanism wherein the hypoxic, perivascular, immune, and neural niches act as interconnected, functionally coupled gears. The synergistic activity of this system is fueled by the combined influence of biochemical signals and key biomechanical forces, specifically interstitial fluid flow, matrix stiffness, and oxygen gradients. While traditional<i>in vivo</i>models have elucidated foundational biological principles, they frequently fail to recapitulate the human-specific, multi-scale dynamics inherent to GBM pathology, thereby hindering translational progress. This review evaluates recent advancements in bioengineering strategies that transition beyond single-niche isolation toward a modular, 'niche-by-niche' reconstruction of the GBM TME. We highlight the evolving trajectory of microphysiological systems, where advanced 3D culture and biofabrication methods, such as organoids and bioprinted microfluidic constructs, are leveraged to incorporate multifaceted physicochemical cues in a highly controlled and reproducible manner. Furthermore, we address existing technical limitations and identify critical next steps in the field, including the integration of clinically relevant metrics and scalability. Finally, we propose that these engineered ecosystems serve as innovative tools for the advancement of precision oncology, providing a robust framework for tailoring therapeutic interventions to the unique profile of each patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148161618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A functional placenta-on-chip model for maternal-fetal transport.","authors":"Anshul Bhide, Sourav Mukherjee, Kinjalka Ghosh, Abhijit Majumder, Deepak Modi","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7bc8","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7bc8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human placenta functions as a highly specialised barrier that integrates trophoblast differentiation, endocrine activity, and regulated transport of molecules to sustain fetal development. Experimental interrogation of placental barrier function remains challenging due to limited access to human placental tissue and the complexity of existing<i>in vitro</i>models. Here, we report a static, two-chamber placenta-on-chip platform designed to recapitulate key structural and functional attributes of the human placental barrier within an experimentally accessible format. The device design prioritises open maternal compartmentalisation and diffusion-dominated transport, reflecting the haemochorial nature of human placentation. It also remains compatible with standard multi-well plate formats for parallel experimentation. In this two-chambered device, separated by an extracellular matrix-loaded/coated microporous membrane, the trophoblast supports trophoblast syncytialisation, sustained<i>β</i>-human chorionic gonadotropin secretion, and selective barrier function. The engineered barrier restricts macromolecular transport while permitting controlled diffusion of small solutes. Glucose transport across the device is strongly dependent on cellular configuration, with inclusion of the endothelial layer significantly modulating nutrient flux and yielding fetal-to-maternal glucose ratios comparable to those reported<i>in vivo</i>. The platform further supports directional transfer of urea from the fetal to the maternal compartment, demonstrating bidirectional metabolite exchange relevant to placental waste clearance. Under hyperglycemic conditions, glucose transport across the barrier increases without evidence of barrier breakdown, indicating sensitivity to metabolic perturbation. This scalable design of a placenta-on-chip platform provides a robust framework for studying placental transport, metabolic regulation, and barrier integrity. It offers broad application in placental biology, pregnancy-associated pathologies, and screening for pregnancy-safe drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148216233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extruded droplet-on-demand (X-DoD) bioprinting for controlled iPSC-based functional cortical network formation.","authors":"Elisabeth Riska, Roni Cohen, Lior Perry-Tomer, Yahel Shechter, Eric Silberman, Assaf Shapira, Tal Dvir","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae647c","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae647c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Engineered three-dimensional (3D) neural constructs hold significant promise for repairing neural tissue damage and recapitulating the human brain<i>in vitro</i>for disease modeling and drug screening applications. However, most current 3D neural models, including freestanding organoids and dense bioprinted neural constructs, lack the architectural and functional organization required to emulate the cerebral cortex, which comprises gray matter regions rich in neuronal cell bodies and white matter tracts formed by long-range axonal projections. This architectural mismatch limits the models' ability to support functional connectivity analysis, predict<i>in vivo</i>behavior, and achieve effective integration with host tissue. In this study, we present an extruded droplet-on-demand (X-DoD) bioprinting technique that enables deterministic spatial patterning of droplets containing human induced pluripotent stem cells encapsulated within an extracellular matrix (ECM)-based hydrogel and embedded in a permissive, low-concentration hydrogel bulk that supports diffusion. Using a 5 × 5 droplet array pattern, we demonstrate that after 30 d of differentiation into cortical neurons and formation of 3D neuronal networks, the micron-scale, cell-body-dense droplets (microtissues) remain localized at their initial droplet sites and are interconnected by millimeter-scale neurite projections. This defined gray-white matter-like organization enables functional analysis via calcium imaging and seamless integration with custom electronic devices for advanced neurophysiological interrogation. Calcium imaging and electrical recordings revealed temporally preserved, propagating network activity, with network excitability dynamically modulated by treatment with GABA antagonist bicuculline. Altogether, the X-DoD bioprinting platform offers a powerful and adaptable approach for engineering spatially organized 3D neural networks with tunable connectivity, providing a robust tool for studying brain function, disease modeling, and future therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147761103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in 3D bioprinting and biofabrication: a validation-stringency assessment.","authors":"Jae-Seong Lee, Ju-Hee Cha, Byoung Soo Kim","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7b07","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7b07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional bioprinting and biofabrication increasingly use artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for bioink formulation, printability assessment, process monitoring, and post-print maturation. However, most studies train and test their models within a single batch, printer, or laboratory, leaving model behavior under changing conditions unclear. In this review, we address this gap with two complementary frameworks. First, we introduce a three-tier taxonomy of AI methods, classifying them by how they learn, what model is used, and what task is performed. Second, we apply a five-level validation Ladder, conceptually related to staged-maturity frameworks used in engineering and clinical AI, that grades evaluation rigor from random internal splits (Level 0) to real-time deployment with predefined acceptance criteria (Level 4). We apply both frameworks to 40 primary studies across the bioprinting pipeline and discuss their implications across seven tissue systems: bone/cartilage, cardiac, hepatic, neural, skin, vascular, and tumor. Approximately 83% of these studies remain at Level 0, boundary Level 0-1, or Level 1; 15% reach Level 2 cross-condition testing, only one study (2.5%) reaches Level 3 multi-laboratory testing, and none reach Level 4. This pattern reflects experimental scope rather than method immaturity, since higher levels require data from multiple independent batches and printer configurations. We conclude that community benchmark datasets for printability prediction, defect detection, and organoid phenotyping-annotated with their tier and validation level-are the most direct route toward bioprinting AI that can be reproduced beyond a single laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148210052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix-tuned hyaluronic nanofibrils promoting regenerative ocular surfacing with minimal scarring.","authors":"Wanho Cho, Chae-Eun Moon, Chungmo Yang, Jun-Ki Lee, Yeonju Park, Young Mee Jung, Hyunseung Kang, In Hee Moon, Yong Woo Ji, Hyuk Sang Yoo","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7833","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corneal epithelial damage remains a considerable clinical challenge, often leading to delayed wound healing and impaired vision. Hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanofibers face fabrication and stability challenges, reducing their translational potential for corneal regeneration. The fabrication and characterization of aminolyzed polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrils (aNFs) with manipulated HA conjugation was investigated to enhance human corneal epithelial cell (hCEC) cell adhesion and proliferation. HA was chemically immobilized on aNF via<i>aza</i>-Michael addition using varying FeCl₃concentrations over 24 h. Quantitative, turbidimetric, and colorimetric analyses confirmed HA conjugation to aNFs after 24 h of reaction. Additionally, HA-conjugated NFs exhibited increased swelling and attenuated protein adsorption compared to aNFs. HA-conjugated nanofibrils (HA@NF) exhibited no detectable cytotoxicity toward hCECs. hCECs adhesion gradually increased proportionally with the degree of HA conjugation on HA@NFs. HA@NF24 induced the highest gene expression of hCEC-specific and proliferation markers, suggesting improved identity maintenance and hCEC proliferation in 3D cell sheet cultivation. Furthermore,<i>in vivo</i>corneal wound healing studies using a rabbit model demonstrated that topically applied HA@NFs not only accelerated epithelial defect closure but also ensured high-quality, scarless regeneration by effectively suppressing inflammation and fibrotic remodeling. Collectively, these results demonstrate that HA-optimized PCL nanofibrils are promising biofunctional scaffolds for superior corneal regeneration and ocular tissue repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148161608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In situ</i>rheological monitoring of diffusion-controlled hydrogel crosslinking for embedded 3D bioprinting.","authors":"Fotis Christakopoulos, Audrey Shih, Stella J Chung, Carla Huerta-López, Lucia G Brunel, Narelli de Paiva Narciso, Clélia Messin-Roizard, Junyi Tao, David Myung, Sarah C Heilshorn, Gerald G Fuller","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7ed3","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7ed3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In embedded 3D bioprinting, biomaterial inks are extruded into sacrificial support baths to facilitate the fabrication of complex shapes, even from soft, liquid-like materials. Post-printing, the diffusion of small molecules into or out of the support bath can facilitate ink crosslinking to stabilize the printed structure. In these coupled reaction-diffusion systems, the rheological properties of the ink will change over time. Despite the importance of tuning the mechanical properties of these inks for biological applications, there are currently no methods to accurately predict ink stiffness over time throughout the crosslinking process. Here, we use a custom-developed magnetic stress rheometer to continuously monitor diffusion-driven crosslinking<i>in situ</i>. Our approach reveals how gelation kinetics depend on the thickness of the ink layer, and enables predictive estimation of mechanical evolution in these reaction- and diffusion-driven systems. With these insights, we fabricate specimens with predetermined mechanical properties and observe changes in cell phenotype as a response. These insights help inform the design of inks and timing of bioprinting protocols to achieve prints with desirable mechanical properties and further allow the fabrication of prints with patterned mechanical properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148270134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of 3D<i>in vitro</i>mineralized bone model to reproduce dental implants osseointegration process.","authors":"Ghannaa Shayya, Olivier Chassande, Lynn Kawtharany, Clara Cretet-Rodeschini, Makoto Miyara, Anne-Aurélie Raymond, Jean-William Dupuy, Cyril Dourthe, Anne Lise Chopard Lallier, Marie-Laure Stachowicz, Sylvain Catros","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7b06","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7b06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental implant osseointegration is the process by which these medical devices integrate within bone. Because of the significant failure rate of dental implant osseointegration in the long term, specific models designed to better understand this process are needed. Current limitations related to<i>in vivo</i>models justify the development of<i>in vitro</i>substitutes. The aim of this study was to develop a 3D<i>in vitro</i>mineralized bone model to reproduce dental implant osseointegration. To achieve this, we started by fabricating a 3D mineralized hydrogel-based<i>in vitro</i>model and characterizing it for mineralization, osteogenic differentiation, cell-deposited extracellular matrix (ECM), and inflammatory markers. Immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells were embedded in a methacrylated collagen-hyaluronic acid gel matrix and cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium with elevated calcium concentration. The model exhibited early mineralization, deposition of minerals in a spherical form and expression of osteogenic differentiation markers. Proteomic profiling revealed a collagen-rich ECM with enrichment of type I collagen. Additionally, there was enrichment of signaling pathways involved in osteogenic differentiation. This hydrogel-based model was further integrated into a 3D-printed polylactic acid scaffold with a dental implant as an<i>in vitro</i>platform to study dental implant osseointegration. We demonstrated cellular migration, matrix deposition, and initiation of mineralization on dental implants with two different surface roughnesses. Additionally, a sensitive pull-out test was specifically developed for the model to detect the attachments initiated by the cells. Therefore, the developed model has strong potential to revolutionize dental implant screening by bridging the gap between 2D<i>in vitro</i>models and<i>in vivo</i>models.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148210009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floatony formation in liquid environments: liquid drawing-based fabrication of three-dimensional microbial structures.","authors":"Hidetaka Taniguchi, Mai Miyauchi, Ippei Inoue, Masayoshi Tanaka","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7ed4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ae7ed4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spatial organization of microorganisms plays a pivotal role in regulating microbial physiology, community behavior, and ecological interactions. However, reconstructing such three-dimensional (3D) microbial architectures<i>in vitro</i>remains a major challenge because conventional culture systems rely on solid or gel-based matrices that restrict microbial motility and molecular diffusion. Here, we introduce 'floatony', a liquid-based strategy for the fabrication of spatially defined microbial colonies using liquid drawing technology. This approach enables the formation and retention of 3D microbial assemblies entirely within a liquid environment, without solidification or crosslinking. Using<i>E. coli</i>as a model organism, we examined how the rheological properties of the supporting liquid matrix influenced the stability of drawn structures of microbial assemblies. Although the optimal conditions depend on the molecular architecture of thickening agents, we identified an empirical design criterion-tan<i>δ</i>< 1.8-under which 3D structures of microbial assemblies were stably retained while maintaining low viscosity (∼10^-1Pa·s) conducive to efficient molecular diffusion. Enzymatic activity assays confirmed that<i>E. coli</i>maintained functional enzyme activity within the supporting liquid matrix, and that the diffusion of low-molecular-weight reaction products was preserved. Furthermore, complex two-dimensional and 3D structures of microbial assemblies were successfully fabricated and visualized in a liquid, including floating 3D structures, as confirmed by fluorescence imaging. This liquid drawing-based approach provides a new experimental framework for reconstructing and studying spatially organized microbial systems, offering opportunities for investigating microbial interactions and developing engineered living materials beyond conventional solid-supported platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling respiratory viral infections and investigating immune responses: new advances in human organ chip models.","authors":"Boyang Song, Fanghao Fang, Shihui Xu, Jun Feng, Xin Chen, Zilin Zhang, Juanjuan Li, Xuan Sun, Wentao Zhao, Zaozao Chen, Degang Fu, Zhongze Gu, Min Chen","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7d5a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7d5a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory viral infections pose persistent global health threats, yet traditional<i>in vitro</i>and animal models inadequately recapitulate human tissue microenvironments. Organ-on-a-chip technology integrates microfluidic engineering with cell biology to recreate three-dimensional architectures, mechanical forces, and multicellular interactions of the human respiratory system. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in organ-on-a-chip platforms for modeling respiratory viral infections and host immune responses. We highlight their unique capabilities in simulating alveolar-capillary barriers, lymphoid follicle formation, and multi-organ axes including lung-brain and gut-lung communication. Furthermore, we discuss applications in antiviral drug screening, vaccine evaluation, and personalized medicine, while addressing current challenges and future directions toward standardized, multi-organ integrated, and intelligently monitored systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and integration of a novel bioreactor for articular cartilage tissue manufacturing with real-time feedback of chondrogenic gene expression.","authors":"Alec W Schuler, Terreill J Robertson, Stephanie S Hart, Eric S Barrow, Nathan R Kallish, Pakkanpat Pondipornnont, Ryan R Driskell, Lawrence J Bonassar, Wen-Ji Dong, Bernard J Van Wie, B Arda Gozen","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7c35","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ae7c35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Differentiating mesenchymal stromal cells into healthy chondrocytes for articular cartilage (AC) requires a variety of biochemical and biomechanical stimuli. While the effects of such stimuli on chondrogenic markers are well-studied, no bioreactor has thus far collected real-time data from mRNA expression for use in closed-loop control. Here, we present the design of an automated bioreactor that applies perfusion, oscillating hydrostatic pressure (OHP), and varying concentrations of multiple biochemical growth factors to the cell cultures while measuring fluorescent markers of gene expression in real-time. Our system achieves a gradated hydrodynamic environment across the length of cell cultures with flow rates between 0.46 and 3.2 cm s^-1and shear stresses between 5.0 and 60 mPa, can apply OHP at up to 0.5 Hz and 4.83 MPa, and can dynamically control the concentrations of two biochemical growth factors. The integrated fluorescent fiberscope system can measure fluorescent dye concentrations as low as 3 nm within the cell chamber. Our LNA/DNA nano-biosensor is designed to track Sox9 mRNA, a gene critical to the chondrogenic process. The reactor is controlled via MATLAB Simulink and includes remote observation and control features to increase flexibility and minimize downtime. This novel bioreactor provides a platform for further AC research with the ultimate design goal of generating a transfer function that maps growth factor inputs to mRNA expression outputs for real-time control.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148223084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}