BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/addc9b
Judith Fuentes, Rafael Mestre, Maria Guix, David Esporrín-Ubieto, Ibtissam Ghailan Tribak, Noelia Ruiz-González, Tania Patiño, Samuel Sánchez
{"title":"Bioengineering fascicle-like skeletal muscle bioactuators via pluronic-assisted co-axial 3D bioprinting (PACA-3D).","authors":"Judith Fuentes, Rafael Mestre, Maria Guix, David Esporrín-Ubieto, Ibtissam Ghailan Tribak, Noelia Ruiz-González, Tania Patiño, Samuel Sánchez","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/addc9b","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/addc9b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in 3D bioprinting have opened new possibilities for developing bioengineered muscle models that can mimic the architecture and function of native tissues. However, current bioengineering approaches do not fully recreate the complex fascicle-like hierarchical organization of the skeletal muscle tissue, impacting on the muscle maturation due to the lack of oxygen and nutrient supply in the scaffold inner regions. A key challenge is the production of precise and width-controlled independent filaments that do not fuse during the printing process when subsequently extruded, ensuring the formation of fascicle-like structures. This study addresses the limitation of filament fusion by utilizing a pluronic-assisted co-axial 3D bioprinting system (PACA-3D) creates a physical confinement of the bioink during the extrusion process, effectively obtaining thin and independent printed filaments with controlled shapes. The use of PACA-3D enabled the fabrication of skeletal muscle-based bioactuators with improved cell differentiation and significantly increased force output, obtaining 3 times stronger bioengineered muscle when compared to bioactuators fabricated using conventional 3D extrusion bioprinting techniques, where a single syringe containing the bioink is used. The versatility of our technology has been demonstrated using different biomaterials, demonstrating its potential to develop more complex biohybrid tissue-based architectures with improved functionality, as well as aiming for better scalability and printing flexibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/addd4b
Yanrong Yu, Renjian Xie, Yueteng He, Furong Zhao, Quan Zhang, Wei Wang, Yong Zhang, Jiawei Hu, Dan Luo, Weijie Peng
{"title":"Corrigendum: Dual-core coaxial bioprinting of double-channel constructs with a potential for perfusion and interaction of cells (2022<i>Biofabrication</i>14 035012).","authors":"Yanrong Yu, Renjian Xie, Yueteng He, Furong Zhao, Quan Zhang, Wei Wang, Yong Zhang, Jiawei Hu, Dan Luo, Weijie Peng","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/addd4b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/addd4b","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/addc9c
Yulin Jiang, Chen Zhou, Xi Yang, Dongxu Ke
{"title":"3D printed bioactive coated scaffolds boost osteogenesis and angiogenesis via the regulation of scaffold microstructure.","authors":"Yulin Jiang, Chen Zhou, Xi Yang, Dongxu Ke","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/addc9c","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/addc9c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microstructure plays a crucial role in bone regeneration, conventional bone tissue engineering scaffold fabrication techniques often lack the precision required to control microstructural features that can optimize bone healing. 3D printing, as a powerful tool for biofabrication, allows for the design and optimization of scaffold microstructures to enhance bone healing. In this study, bioactive coated scaffolds composed of polycaprolactone and tricalcium phosphate were fabricated using a micro-extrusion 3D printer with varying compositions and microstructures, resulting in different physical and mechanical properties. Among these properties, porosity and permeability played a vital role in osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation.<i>In vitro</i>studies revealed that the permeability effect was dominant in osteogenic differentiation, while the porosity effect mainly induced the angiogenic differentiation, with potential mechanisms involving crosstalk between Wnt and PI3K signaling pathways. Moreover, significantly improved osteogenesis and angiogenesis were observed in U600 scaffolds compared to sham and U300 scaffolds, supporting the<i>in vitro</i>findings. This study provides valuable insights for the microstructure optimization of 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds, which could facilitate the translation of 3D printing technology from the benchside to clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/add95f
Mehdi Khanmohammadi, Nima Ahmadkhani, Marina Volpi, Khadijeh Khederlou, Alankrita Uppal, Mahdis Hosseini, Yu Shrike Zhang, Wojciech Swieszkowski
{"title":"Advances in microfluidic biofabrication technology for bone metastasis modeling.","authors":"Mehdi Khanmohammadi, Nima Ahmadkhani, Marina Volpi, Khadijeh Khederlou, Alankrita Uppal, Mahdis Hosseini, Yu Shrike Zhang, Wojciech Swieszkowski","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/add95f","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/add95f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studying bone metastasis in<i>in vitro</i>models is essential for understanding the mechanisms driving this process, developing effective therapeutic strategies, and evaluating potential treatments for metastatic cancer patients. To this end, traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models fail to replicate the native three-dimensional (3D) tissue microenvironment, resulting in significant disparities in biologically relevant behaviors and drug responses. The shift from 2D to 3D cell culture techniques represents an important step toward creating more biomimetic bone metastasis models. These systems more effectively emulate and replicate the complex interactions between cancer cells and bone tissue, including essential cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, as well as<i>in vivo</i>biomechanical cues. The development and application of microfluidic-based 3D cancer models, incorporating diverse shapes, architectures, and modular structures such as organ-on-chip platforms, enable comprehensive screening and exploration of cellular interplay, the dissection of signaling pathways, and the resolution of limitations associated with traditional models. This review highlights recent advancements in microfluidic-based 3D bone metastasis models and examines innovative applications of this technology. These include hydrogel-based spherical and filaments biofabrication approaches, 2D and 3D tumor on-a- chips, and drug screening techniques such as concentration gradient generator-based, microdroplet-based, and microarray-based chips, as well as tumor tissue chips. Additionally, we discuss the benefits and limitations of these approaches in treating bone metastases and propose future directions for advancing microfluidic platforms in drug discovery and this research field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/addb7e
Chiara Formica, Gabriele Addario, Sveva Fagiolino, Lorenzo Moroni, Carlos Mota
{"title":"Microfluidic bioprinting as a tool to produce hiPSCs-derived renal organoids.","authors":"Chiara Formica, Gabriele Addario, Sveva Fagiolino, Lorenzo Moroni, Carlos Mota","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/addb7e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/addb7e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic kidney disease affects 10% of the global population and often progresses to end-stage renal disease, where dialysis or renal transplant are the only therapies, though neither is a permanent solution. Regenerative medicine, particularly the use of organoids, offers a potential solution. Organoids are valuable for studying organ development, diseases, and regeneration, and are suitable for drug screening. However, their limited ability to replicate adult organs' maturation, complexity, and functions restricts their application. Additionally, manual production of organoids causes variability, affecting scalability and reproducibility. Automation techniques like bioprinting could enhance organoid maturation and complexity by depositing cells and biomaterials in a controlled manner. In this study, we established differentiation protocols to obtain human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived metanephric mesenchyme, ureteric bud progenitors, and the combination of these was used to form organoids. A microfluidic bioprinter capable of producing core-shell filaments was used to bioprint single cell progenitors in combination with gelatin in the core wrapped with an alginate shell. These filament constructs were cultured with an optimized mixture of growth factors for two weeks. Within one week, renal vesicles were visible, and after two weeks post-bioprinting the kidney organoids were functional and respond to the nephrotoxic drug doxorubicin. In conclusion, a bioprinted method was developed to generate in an automated way functional renal organoids from progenitors, offering a foundation for future kidney disease treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/addc42
Megan E Cooke, Morgan B Riffe, Manuela E Gomes, Rui M A Domingues, Jason A Burdick
{"title":"Biofabrication in suspension media-a decade of advances.","authors":"Megan E Cooke, Morgan B Riffe, Manuela E Gomes, Rui M A Domingues, Jason A Burdick","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/addc42","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/addc42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suspension bath bioprinting, defined as extrusion bioprinting into a suspension bath consisting of a yield-stress material with fast recovery, emerged over a decade ago. Since this time, many suspension baths have been developed from molecular assemblies to granular media and across a range of synthetic and natural polymers. These suspension baths have been applied to the printing of a wide variety of inks for applications in tissue engineering, from<i>in vitro</i>tissue models to implantable constructs. In a scoping search of published literature over the past decade, 254 articles were identified that met various definitions related to suspension baths for biofabrication in order to gain a perspective on the various materials used and their applications; however, the literature is much more broad than this due to the disperse terminology that has been applied to the approach. This article gives a perspective on the progress that has been made in suspension bath printing, including applications of the technology and challenges that exist across the field, as well as provides a look to the future of where such printing methods will make an impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12131275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/add568
Ariel Cantoral-Sánchez, Oscar Emmanuel Solís-Pérez, Francisco Javier Flores-Loera, Claudia Maribel Luna-Aguirre, Luis Fernando Carmona-Ramirez, Ilsa Pamela De Los Santos-Hernández, Nora Greys Zamora-Benavides, Mara Neher, Grissel Trujillo de Santiago, Mario Moisés Alvarez
{"title":"Biofabrication of microstructured bacterial ecosystems using chaotic bioprinting: advancing<i>in vitro</i>research for microbial engineering.","authors":"Ariel Cantoral-Sánchez, Oscar Emmanuel Solís-Pérez, Francisco Javier Flores-Loera, Claudia Maribel Luna-Aguirre, Luis Fernando Carmona-Ramirez, Ilsa Pamela De Los Santos-Hernández, Nora Greys Zamora-Benavides, Mara Neher, Grissel Trujillo de Santiago, Mario Moisés Alvarez","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/add568","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/add568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mixed microbial communities are essential for various ecosystems, with bacteria often exhibiting unique behaviors in structured environments. However, replicating these interactions<i>in vitro</i>remains challenging, as traditional microbiology techniques based on well-mixed cultures fail to capture the spatial organization of natural communities. Chaotic 3D printing offers a versatile, high-throughput method for fabricating hydrogel constructs with multilayered microstructure in which different bacterial strains can coexist, closely mimicking the partial segregation seen in natural microbial ecosystems. Using a Kenics static mixer printing nozzle, we bioprinted a bacterial consortium consisting of<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum</i>, and<i>Escherichia coli</i>as a simplified model for human gut microbiota. Chaotic bioprinting enabled the creation of microstructured cocultures with distinct niches, allowing all bacterial strains to coexist (without being scrambled) and reach a population equilibrium. We characterized the cocultures through fluorescence microscopy, colony counting, and quantitative polymerase chain reactions. Our results demonstrate that the microarchitecture of the printed fibers significantly influences bacterial growth dynamics. Stratified arrangements enhanced coculture viability and balance over 72 h compared to well-mixed and suspension conditions. Chaotic printing also allows the rational arrangement of strict anaerobic bacteria, such as<i>B. bifidum</i>, by positioning them in construct layers that are more susceptible to hypoxia. Chaotic bioprinting presents a powerful tool for engineering microbial ecosystems with precise spatial control in the range of tens of micrometers. This approach promises to advance our understanding of microbial interactions and has potential biomedical applications in antibiotic testing, microbiota research, bioremediation, and synthetic biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Additive manufacturing of silicon nitride fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone composites with enhanced mechanical strength and multifunctional bioactivity for load-bearing bone defect repair.","authors":"Shengxin Zeng, Haozheng Li, Panpan Hu, Zihe Li, Zhengguang Wang, Jiedong Wang, Jiasheng Chen, Shouzhan Wang, Gong Wang, Wei Zhao, Feng Wei","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/add9d3","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/add9d3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is increasingly applied in bone defect repair due to its excellent biocompatibility and absence of artifact formation. However, the bio-inertness and inadequate mechanical properties of untreated PEEK remain significant challenges for PEEK-based implants. Hence, this study prepares a series of silicon nitride (Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) fiber-reinforced PEEK composite porous scaffolds using twin-screw melt mixing-extrusion and material extrusion 3D printing. Comprehensive evaluations assess the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, osteogenic differentiation, angiogenesis activities, and antibacterial performances of various composites. Characterization results show that Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>fiber-reinforced PEEK composites exhibit excellent printability, with well-oriented Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>fibers uniformly distributed throughout the matrix. Furthermore, compared to non-reinforced PEEK, the addition of 8% Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>fibers enhanced Young's modulus by 52.2% (6.36 GPa). Additionally, both<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>results indicate that all composite scaffolds exhibit excellent biocompatibility. Notably, the 8% Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>fiber-reinforced PEEK composite demonstrated optimal multifunctional performance in osteogenic induction, angiogenic capacity, and antibacterial efficacy, significantly outperforming other experimental groups. In conclusion, this study offers a solution for enhancing the mechanical, anti-infective, and osseointegrative properties of PEEK, demonstrating its great potential for expanding the application of non-metallic orthopedic implants in bone defect repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-05-28DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/add960
Finn Snow, Cathal O'Connell, Aaron Elbourne, Magdalena Kita, Peiqi Yang, Richard J Williams, Simon E Moulton, Elena Pirogova, Robert Michail Ivan Kapsa, Anita Quigley
{"title":"High resolution melt electro-written scaffolds promote alignment of human skeletal muscle cells.","authors":"Finn Snow, Cathal O'Connell, Aaron Elbourne, Magdalena Kita, Peiqi Yang, Richard J Williams, Simon E Moulton, Elena Pirogova, Robert Michail Ivan Kapsa, Anita Quigley","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/add960","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/add960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced tissue engineering (TE) strategies are vital to address challenging musculoskeletal conditions, such as volumetric muscle loss. These disorders impose a considerable economic burden and affect individuals' quality of life, highlighting the need for innovative treatments, such as TE, to address these challenges. Here, we examine how scaffold fibre orientation influences mechanical properties and cellular behaviour by utilising melt electrowriting (MEW) as a high-resolution 3D printing technique that combines aspects of electrospinning and melt based polymer deposition. In this work, we investigated the effects of fibre orientation in MEW scaffolds, and its effect on the scaffold mechanical properties as well as cell orientation and alignment. MEW scaffolds were mechanically characterised through uniaxial strain testing to determine critical parameters, including strain at failure, ultimate tensile strength, Young's modulus (<i>E</i>), fatigue rate, recovery time, and yield strain. These mechanical properties were analysed to define an optimal strain regime for transitioning from static to dynamic culture conditions under muscle-like cyclic loading, relevant to muscle's viscoelastic behaviour. In parallel, static cultures of primary human skeletal muscle myoblasts and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) were grown on MEW scaffolds, with varying architectures, to study the effects of fibre aspect ratio on cell alignment. Cell alignment was visualised using DAPI/phalloidin staining and quantified with the ImageJ directionality plugin, enabling a systematic comparison of scaffold designs. This approach evaluates the potential of supportive scaffold architectures to promote aligned cell growth, offering insights into designing effective scaffolds for tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/add37e
Alice Salvadori, Masafumi Watanabe, Marica Markovic, Ryo Sudo, Aleksandr Ovsianikov
{"title":"Controlled microvasculature for organ-on-a-chip applications produced by high-definition laser patterning.","authors":"Alice Salvadori, Masafumi Watanabe, Marica Markovic, Ryo Sudo, Aleksandr Ovsianikov","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/add37e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/add37e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organs-on-Chips (OoCs) are 3D models aiming to faithfully replicate<i>in vitro</i>specific functions of human organs or tissues. While promising as an alternative to traditional 2D cell culture and animal models in drug development, controlled realization of complex microvasculature within OoC remains a significant challenge. Here, we demonstrate how femtosecond laser patterning allows to produce hollow microvascular-like channels inside a collagen-based matrix directly within a microfluidic chip. The hydrogel preparation protocol was optimized to maintain structural stability, facilitating successful endothelialization of produced channels. The resulting microvascular structures exhibit notable physiological relevance, as evidenced by the expression of key endothelial markers (ZO-1, and VE-cadherin) and the successful reproduction of the barrier function. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) exposure induces a concentration-dependent increase in vascular permeability and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The proposed method holds the potential to control and faithfully reproduce the vascularization process in OoC platforms, in both physiological and inflammatory conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}