Biofabrication最新文献

{"title":"Engineering a microfluidic-assisted 3D bioprinting approach for the hierarchical control deposition and compartmentalisation of graded bioinks.","authors":"Federico Serpe, Lucia Iafrate, Marco Bastioli, Martina Marcotulli, Caterina Sanchini, Valeria De Turris, Michele D'Orazio, Biagio Palmisano, Arianna Mencattini, Eugenio Martinelli, Mara Riminucci, Carlo Massimo Casciola, Giancarlo Ruocco, Chiara Scognamiglio, Gianluca Cidonio","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/adf35b","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/adf35b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advent of 3D bioprinting has revolutionized tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Today, tissues of single cell type can be fabricated with extreme resolution and printing fidelity. However, the ultimate functionality of the desired tissue is limited, due to the absence of a multicellular population and diversity in micro-environment distribution. Currently, 3D bioprinting technologies are facing challenges in delivering multiple cells and biomaterials in a controlled fashion. The use of interchangeable syringe-based systems has often favoured the delamination between interfaces, greatly limiting the fabrication of interconnected tissue constructs. Microfluidic-assisted 3D bioprinting platforms have been found capable of rescuing the fabrication of tissue interfaces, but often fails to guarantee printing fidelity, cell density control and compartmentalization. Herein, we present the convergence of microfluidic and 3D bioprinting platforms into a deposition system capable of harnessing a microfluidic printhead for the continuous rapid fabrication of interconnected functional tissues. The use of flow-focusing and passive mixer printhead modules allowed for the rapid and dynamic modulation of fibre diameter and material composition, respectively. Cells were compartmentalized into discrete three-dimensional layers with defined density patterns, confirming the punctual control of the presented microfluidic platform in arranging cells and materials in 3D.<i>In ovo</i>and<i>in vivo</i>studies demonstrated the seminal functionality of 3D bioprinted constructs with patterned vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-<i>β</i>1 (TGF-<i>β</i>1), respectively. This, in turn, facilitated the simulation of diverse cellular environments and proliferation pathways within a single construct, which is currently unachievable with conventional 3D bioprinting techniques, offering new opportunities for the fabrication of functionally graded systems and physiologically-relevant skeletal tissue substitutes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprinting of patient-derived heterogeneous renal cell carcinoma organoids for personalized therapy.","authors":"Shuangshuang Mao, Ruiyang Xie, Jianzhong Shou, Yuan Pang, Wei Sun","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/adecc5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/adecc5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumor organoids that can accurately recapitulate the pathophysiological characteristics of original tumor are urgently needed for personalized therapy. However, there are few published studies on patient-derived renal cell carcinoma (RCC) heterogeneous organoids for drug testing to account for patient-specific heterogeneous clinical responses, which has significantly impeded research in the field. Traditional RCC organoid technologies involving matrigel droplets require intensive manual manipulation and are hampered by variability, functional immaturity, low throughput, and limited scale. Here, we applied extrusion-based high-throughput bioprinter to rapidly generate heterogeneous RCC organoids with uniform size, realizing batch automated stable construction and quality control. Bioprinted RCC organoids reserved the pathological morphology and gene mutation/expression characteristics of original tumor and demonstrate interorganoid and interpatient heterogeneity even after long-term cultivation, which are suitable for preclinical patient-specific drug screening testing. Finally, we created multicellular assembloids by reconstituting RCC aggregates with stromal components to generate an organized architecture with<i>in vivo</i>-like vascular morphology and spatial tumor microenvironment heterogeneity. Thus, we have demonstrated the wide-ranging biomedical utility of bioprinted organoids in furthering our understanding of the physiological mechanisms of tumors and the development of personalized treatment methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic adaptation and fragility in healthy 3D<i>in vitro</i>skeletal muscle tissues exposed to chronic fatigue syndrome and Long COVID-19 sera.","authors":"Sheeza Mughal, Félix Andújar-Sánchez, Maria Sabater-Arcis, Glória Garrabou, Joaquim Fernández-Solà, Jose Alegre-Martin, Ramon Sanmartin-Sentañes, Jesús Castro-Marrero, Anna Esteve-Codina, Eloi Casals, Juan M Fernández-Costa, Javier Ramón-Azcón","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/adf66c","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/adf66c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and Long Covid-19 (LC-19) are complex conditions with no diagnostic markers or consensus on disease progression. Despite extensive research, no<i>in vitro</i>model exists to study skeletal muscle wasting, peripheral weakness, or potential therapies. We developed 3D<i>in vitro</i>skeletal muscle tissues to map muscle adaptations to patient sera over time. Short exposures (48 H) to patient sera led to a significant reduction in muscle contractile strength. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the upregulation of protein translation, glycolytic enzymes, disturbances in calcium homeostasis, hypertrophy, and mitochondrial hyperfusion. Structural analyses confirmed myotube hypertrophy and elevated mitochondrial oxygen consumption In ME/CFS. While muscles initially adapted by increasing glycolysis, prolonged exposure (96-144 H) caused muscle fragility and weakness, with mitochondria fragmenting into a toroidal conformation. We propose that skeletal muscle tissue in ME/CFS and LC-19 progresses through a hypermetabolic state, leading to severe muscular and mitochondrial deterioration. This is the first study to suggest such transient metabolic adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi breast cells-on-a-chip: efficient screening biological platform for determination of selective breast cancer cell apoptosis.","authors":"Bumjun Park, Eun-Ho Lee, Jigyeong Kim, Ju Yong Sung, Yun Suk Huh, Sung-Min Kang","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/adf66b","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/adf66b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a multi breast cell-on-a-chip system was developed to recapitulate human-like breast cancer microenvironments by simultaneously co-culturing normal (MCF-10 A) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and to confirm the potential of plasma-activated PBS (P-PBS) containing various reactive oxygen species (ROS), as selective breast cancer remedial agent. The developed chip not only provided a 3D microenvironment supporting cell survival and interactions due to the use of gelatin as an extracellular matrix but also facilitated homogeneous growth and interactions between the different breast cell lines. Moreover, selective breast cancer apoptosis was investigated by real-time image analysis after treating cells with P-PBS on the developed chip; IC₅₀values for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were 390.50 and 600.75<i>μ</i>M, respectively. In addition, the breast cancer cell apoptosis pathway was found to be related to the ROS-activated intrinsic apoptosis pathway. The developed multi breast cells-on-a-chip platform could be used as a bio-platform that complements the limitations of existing<i>in vitro</i>models. The chip accurately reproduces cell-to-cell interactions by providing a tumor microenvironment based on the co-culture of heterogeneous cancer and normal cells and is expected to contribute meaningfully to breast cancer research and customized treatment development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D bioprinting in tissue engineering: current state-of-the-art and challenges towards system standardization and clinical translation.","authors":"Tarun Agarwal, Valentina Onesto, Dishary Banerjee, Shengbo Guo, Alessandro Polini, Caleb Vogt, Abhishek Viswanath, Timothy Esworthy, Haitao Cui, Aaron O'Donnell, Kiran Yellappa Vajanthri, Lorenzo Moroni, Ibrahim T Ozbolat, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Lijie Grace Zhang, Marco Costantini, Tapas Kumar Maiti","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ade47a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ade47a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has made significant progress, transforming into a key innovation in tissue engineering. Despite the early strides, critical challenges remain in 3D bioprinting that must be addressed to accelerate clinical translation. In particular, there is still a long way to go before functionally-mature, clinically-relevant tissue equivalents are developed. Current limitations range from the sub-optimal bioink properties and degree of biomimicry of bioprintable architectures, to the lack of stem/progenitor cells for massive cell expansion, and fundamental knowledge regarding<i>in vitro</i>culturing conditions. In addition to these problems, the absence of guidelines and well-regulated international standards is creating uncertainty among the biofabrication community stakeholders regarding the reliable and scalable production processes. This review aims at exploring the latest developments in 3D bioprinting approaches, including various additive manufacturing techniques and their applications. A thorough discussion of common bioprinting techniques and recent progresses are compiled along with notable recent studies. Later we discuss the current challenges in clinical application of 3D bioprinting and the major bottlenecks in the commercialization of 3D bioprinted tissue equivalents, including the longevity of bioprinted organs, meeting biomechanical requirements, and the often underrated ethical and legal aspects. Amidst the progress of regulatory efforts for regenerative medicine, we also present an overview of the current regulatory concerns which should be taken into account to translate bioprinted tissues into clinical practice. At last, this review emphasizes future directions in 3D bioprinting that includes the transformative ideas such as bioprinting in microgravity and the integration of artificial intelligence. The study concludes with a discussion on the need for collaborative efforts in resolving the technical and regulatory constraints to improve the quality, reliability, and reproducibility of bioprinted tissue equivalents to ultimately accomplish their successful clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced combinatorial analysis of tumor cell-ECM interactions using design-of-experiment optimized microarrays.","authors":"Hannah R C Kimmel, Allison L Paxhia, Zahra Adamji, Gregory H Underhill","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/adf3e6","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/adf3e6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dysregulated and fibrotic tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma delays diagnosis and presents many complex signals that drive disease progression. To better recapitulate this microenvironment, we have enhanced our established protein microarray platform by integrating design of experiments (DoEs) methodology with high-throughput cell microarray screening. This innovative approach systematically interrogates the intricate roles of matrix stiffness (spanning healthy and fibrotic conditions), extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and protein concentration, while simultaneously examining their interdependent interactions. By leveraging DoE principles, we were able to explore 117 unique microenvironments on a single microscope slide, ultimately generating a comprehensive dataset of 234 different microenvironments without compromising statistical rigor. Our enhanced screening system enabled the identification of unique microenvironmental interactions critically significant in dictating cellular responses, including adhesion, survival, proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and drug resistance markers. Utilizing advanced statistical techniques such as linear models and principal component analysis, we characterized phenotypic clusters defined by precise microenvironmental cues. This work presents a robust, high-throughput microarray screening system that comprehensively explores the contributions of nine physiologically relevant ECM proteins and matrix stiffness in modulating cellular behavior and disease progression through a methodologically sophisticated and statistically sound approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking<i>in vitro</i>biodegradation dynamics in cartilage tissue engineering using dual-labeled hydrogel/scaffold composites.","authors":"Meenakshi Kamaraj, Lilith Caballero Aguilar, Serena Duchi, Stephanie E Doyle, Subha Narayan Rath, Simon E Moulton, Carmine Onofrillo","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/adf3e7","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/adf3e7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study addresses the challenges of tracking cell-mediated biodegradation in cartilage tissue engineering, where hydrogels and scaffolds play a crucial role in providing structural support and promoting tissue regeneration. This research area has been rarely studied, offering potential insights into bridging the gap between<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>conditions for real-time monitoring of tissue regeneration alongside biodegradation. We developed dual-labeled hydrogel/scaffold composites for real-time monitoring of scaffold degradation in response to cell activity. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels are extensively explored for cartilage tissue engineering, albeit concerns remain regarding their mechanical properties under load-bearing conditions. To address this, a hydrogel/scaffold composite system was employed in this study, where a poly (<i>ϵ</i>-caprolactone) (PCL) hex prism edge structure acts as a scaffold to support the cell-laden GelMA hydrogel. Fluorophore labeling of GelMA and PCL facilitated non-invasive monitoring of the hydrogel/scaffold composite biodegradation under cell proliferation conditions. Initially, the behavior of fluorescent-tagged Hydrogel/Scaffold was examined under accelerated degradation conditions. Subsequently, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells loaded into fluorescent-labeled hydrogel/scaffolds were evaluated for their biocompatibility potential and chondrogenesis. Results demonstrated a correlation between the loss of fluorescence from the hydrogel/scaffold degradation, accompanied by extracellular matrix accumulation. The fluorescently labeled hydrogel/scaffold holds promising application for cartilage tissue engineering, offering the capability to monitor biodegradation using high-throughput and contactless techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetically programmable wearable devices for precision physiological and molecular monitoring.","authors":"Jin He, Mengdie Fu, Wenyue An, Wenyi Xu, Jieruo Zhou, Yan Chen, ZiChun Xia, Zhiwei Jiang, Guoli Yang","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/adf25a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/adf25a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wearable devices have emerged as powerful tools for continuous, real-time health monitoring, enabling the detection of biochemical markers in sweat, tears, saliva, and interstitial fluid. However, existing wearable materials are hindered by limited chemical functionality, static sensing capabilities, and insufficient adaptability to dynamic physiological conditions, which restrict their current impact in precision medicine. Recent advancements have focused on integrating genetic engineering and synthetic biology into wearable platforms, resulting in genetically programmable biointerfaces that enhance specificity, responsiveness, and functional versatility in clinical and personalized healthcare settings. Current applications of these bioengineered devices include real-time monitoring of pathogens, hormones, therapeutic drug levels, and physiological behaviors, offering superior precision and adaptability compared to traditional wearable technologies. This review highlights two key engineering approaches driving this field: genetically modified living cells and cell-free synthetic biology systems. While promising, several challenges still limit broader clinical adoption, including biosafety concerns, the instability of biological components, and translational hurdles. Addressing these challenges requires progress in biocompatibility, controlled gene expression, and durable wearable materials. Looking ahead, future research should aim to integrate these biointerfaces with implantable and smart therapeutic systems, develop autonomous biosensors with self-regulatory functions, and further expand their use in personalized medicine and real-time disease management. By bridging genetic programming with wearable diagnostics, these innovations are laying the groundwork for next-generation biohybrid systems designed to advance precision healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered tumor microspheres via microfluidics and decellularized extracellular matrix for high-throughput organoid-based drug screening.","authors":"Jinlong Jin, Wei Chen, Jing Li, Jiahuan Yang, Rui Dai, Junjie Tang, Meiqi Li, You Chen, Changhua Zhang, Jie Liu","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/adf099","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/adf099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer is a prominent global malignancy that highlights the pressing need for reliable preclinical models to expedite therapeutic efficacy and drug discovery. Traditional models, such as cell lines and patient-derived xenografts, are constrained by their inability to fully replicate tumor heterogeneity and support scalable drug screening. While patient-derived organoids more accurately preserve tumor pathophysiology, their clinical translation is impeded by technical challenges related to standardization, reproducibility, and high-throughput compatibility. In this study, we developed a microfluidic-engineered platform that employed a laminin-enhanced decellularized small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix (dSISML) to produce uniform organoid-laden microspheres (MP). This biohybrid system eliminated the need for tumor-derived matrices (e.g. Matrigel) and provided a physiologically relevant microenvironment. When integrated with microfluidics, the platform facilitated rapid and scalable production of size-tunable MP, thereby effectively addressing critical bottlenecks in organoid handling and drug testing workflows. Our study demonstrated that dSISML could sustain organoid growth and drug responsiveness comparable to Matrigel, while offering improved operational simplicity and reduced batch variability. Moreover, dSISML enabled simpler and controllable high-throughput microsphere preparation. This advanced methodology not only delivers precision equivalent to conventional cell culture techniques but also empowers large-scale pharmacological evaluation through its automated media processing system. By integrating biomimetic design with scalable fabrication, this strategy advances personalized oncology through robust<i>in vitro</i>models for high-throughput therapeutic screening and mechanistic studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D bioprinted GelMA/collagen hydrogel for corneal stroma regeneration.","authors":"Yingni Xu, Wenfang Liu, Qi Zhao, Xiaoyan Feng, Zhibiao Li, Yongrui Huang, Jia Liu, Yuehai Peng, Wenjing Song, Li Ren","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/ade7b2","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1758-5090/ade7b2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blindness caused by corneal stroma disease affects millions worldwide, the regeneration of corneal stroma has always been a challenge due to its sophisticated curvature structure and keratocyte-fibroblast transformation. In this study, we developed and optimized a series of gelatin methacrylate/collagen-based bioinks to fabricate convex corneal implants via 3D printing techniques. A novel method was proposed to enhance collagen solubility in neutral solutions by combining 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride with high-molecular-weight type I collagen, with simulations suggesting that the mechanism primarily involved electrostatic interactions. To evaluate whether keratocytes respond to a convex microenvironment and to verify the effectiveness of the proposed printing strategy for corneal stromal regeneration, particularly in mitigating corneal fibrosis, we fabricated topological structures of both flat and convex corneas. These structures were systematically analyzed for their influence on keratocyte-to-fibroblast transformation and keratocyte phenotype maintenance. Morphological observations, along with gene and protein expression analyses, demonstrated that the convex architecture provided an optimal microenvironment for preserving the keratocyte phenotype. Moreover,<i>in vivo</i>transplantation revealed the convex cornea effectively suppressed corneal fibrosis compared to the flat cornea. These findings suggest that convex cornea holds promise as a potential translational approach for treating corneal stroma regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}