BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/add626
Elia Bosch Rué, Qiao Zhang, George A Truskey, Jenifer Olmos, Begoña Maria Bosch Canals, Roman A Pérez
{"title":"Development of small tissue engineered blood vessels and their clinical and research applications.","authors":"Elia Bosch Rué, Qiao Zhang, George A Truskey, Jenifer Olmos, Begoña Maria Bosch Canals, Roman A Pérez","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/add626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/add626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the first tissue engineered blood vessel (TEBV) was developed, different approaches, biomaterial scaffolds and cell sources have been used to obtain an engineered vessel as much similar as native vessels in terms of structure, functionality and mechanical properties. At the same time, diverse needs to obtain a functional TEBV have emerged, such as for blood vessel replacement for cardiovascular diseases to be used as artery bypass, to vascularize tissue engineered constructs, or even to model vascular diseases or drug testing. In this review, after briefly describing the native structure and function of arteries, we will give an overview of different biomaterials, cells and methods that have been used during the last years for the development of small TEBVs (1-6 mm diameter). The importance of perfusing the TEBVs in order to acquire functionality and maturation will be also discussed. Finally, we will center the review on TEBV applications beyond their use as vascular graft for cardiovascular diseases.
.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/add627
Léa Pourchet, Laura Casado-Medina, Yvonne Richaud-Patin, Karine Tadevosyan, Alba Morillas-García, Edgar Lorenzo, Ioannis Lazis, Antoni Ventura, Jagoda Litowczenko, Jordi Guiu, Angel Raya
{"title":"3D bioprinting of human iPSC-derived cardiac constructs with microvascular network support for improved graft survival in vivo.","authors":"Léa Pourchet, Laura Casado-Medina, Yvonne Richaud-Patin, Karine Tadevosyan, Alba Morillas-García, Edgar Lorenzo, Ioannis Lazis, Antoni Ventura, Jagoda Litowczenko, Jordi Guiu, Angel Raya","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/add627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/add627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac tissue engineering is a rapidly growing field that holds great promise for the development of new therapies for heart disease. While significant progress has been made in the field over the past two decades, engineering functional myocardium of clinically relevant size and thickness remains an unmet challenge. A major roadblock in this respect is the current difficulty in incorporating efficient vascularization into engineered constructs. One potential solution involves the use of microvascular fragments from adipose tissue, which have demonstrated encouraging results in improving vascularization and graft survival following transplantation. However, this method lacks precise control over the vascular architecture within the constructs. Here, we set out to investigate the use of 3D bioprinting for the fabrication of human cardiac tissue constructs composed of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derivatives, while allowing for the precise control of the distribution and density of microvessel fragments within the bioprinted constructs. We carefully selected and optimized bioink compositions based on their printability, biocompatibility, and construct stability. Following transplantation into immunodeficient mice, 3D bioprinted cardiac constructs containing microvessel fragments exhibited rapid and efficient vascularization, resulting in prolonged graft survival. Overall, our studies underscore the advantages of employing engineering design and self-assembly across different scales to address current limitations of tissue engineering, and highlight the usefulness of 3D bioprinting in this context.
.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-05-07DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/add568
Ariel Cantoral Sánchez, Oscar Emmanuel Solís-Pérez, Francisco Javier Javier Flores Loera, Claudia Maribel Luna-Aguirre, Luis Fernando Carmona Ramirez, Ilsa Pamela De Los Santos-Hernández, Nora Greys Greys Zamora Benavides, Mara Neher, Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago, Mario Moisés Álvarez
{"title":"Biofabrication of microstructured bacterial ecosystems using chaotic bioprinting: advancing in vitro research for microbial engineering.","authors":"Ariel Cantoral Sánchez, Oscar Emmanuel Solís-Pérez, Francisco Javier Javier Flores Loera, Claudia Maribel Luna-Aguirre, Luis Fernando Carmona Ramirez, Ilsa Pamela De Los Santos-Hernández, Nora Greys Greys Zamora Benavides, Mara Neher, Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago, Mario Moisés Álvarez","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/add568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/add568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mixed microbial communities are essential for various ecosystems, with bacteria often exhibiting unique behaviors in structured environments. However, replicating these interactions in vitro remains challenging, as traditional microbiology techniques based on well-mixed cultures fail to capture the spatial organization of natural communities.
Chaotic 3D printing offers a versatile, high-throughput method for fabricating hydrogel constructs with multilayered microstructure in which different bacterial strains can coexist, closely mimicking the partial segregation seen in natural microbial ecosystems. Using a Kenics static mixer (KSM) printing nozzle, we bioprinted a bacterial consortium consisting of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Escherichia coli as a simplified model for human gut microbiota. Chaotic bioprinting enabled the creation of microstructured cocultures with distinct niches, allowing all bacterial strains to coexist (without being scrambled) and reach a population equilibrium.
We characterized the cocultures through fluorescence microscopy, colony counting, and quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCR). Our results demonstrate that the microarchitecture of the printed fibers significantly influences bacterial growth dynamics. Stratified arrangements enhanced coculture viability and balance over 72 hours compared to well-mixed and suspension conditions. Chaotic printing also allows the rational arrangement of strict anaerobic bacteria, such as B. bifidum, by positioning them in construct layers that are more susceptible to hypoxia.
Chaotic bioprinting presents a powerful tool for engineering microbial ecosystems with precise spatial control. This approach holds promise for advancing our understanding of microbial interactions and has potential biomedical applications in antibiotic testing, microbiota research, bioremediation, and synthetic biology.
.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/add49e
Minghui Shi, Peer Fischer, Kai Melde
{"title":"Acoustic holographic assembly of cell-dense tissue constructs.","authors":"Minghui Shi, Peer Fischer, Kai Melde","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/add49e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/add49e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue engineering aims to develop tissue constructs as models or substitutes for native tissues. For organ-level biological studies and regenerative medicine applications, it is essential to fabricate tissue constructs with physiologically relevant cell densities (on the order of 10 million to 1 billion cells·mL<sup>-1</sup>, large size (centimeter scale and larger), and a controllable geometry to guide tissue maturation. State-of-the-art biofabrication methods, however, struggle to simultaneously meet all of these demands. The recently proposed acoustic holographic assembly (AHA) method shows promise, as it is compatible with culture media and enables the contactless, label-free, and volumetric assembly of biological cells in a predefined geometry within few minutes. Here we present an AHA biofabrication scheme designated for fabricating cell-dense, centimeter-scale, and arbitrarily-shaped tissue constructs using a compact benchtop instrument compatible with a biolab environment. We demonstrate the assembly of C2C12 myoblasts in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) into large and asymmetric branch-shaped constructs, which are rapidly formed with an average cell density of 40 million cells·mL<sup>-1</sup>and a local density of up to 260 million cells·mL<sup>-1</sup>. Featuring a high viability of 90.5%±4.3%, the assembled cell constructs are observed to grow within the GelMA hydrogel under perfusion over five days. Further, we show how AHA can --- in a single step --- assemble cells into layered and three-dimensional geometries inside standard cell culture labware. It can therefore help obtain engineered tissue constructs with structural and functional characteristics seen in more complex native tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-05-02DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/add37e
Alice Salvadori, Masafumi Watanabe, Marica Markovic, Ryo Sudo, Aleksandr Ovsianikov
{"title":"Controlled microvasculature for organ-on-a-chip applications produced by high-definition laser patterning.","authors":"Alice Salvadori, Masafumi Watanabe, Marica Markovic, Ryo Sudo, Aleksandr Ovsianikov","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/add37e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/add37e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organs-on-Chips (OoCs) are 3D models aiming to faithfully replicate in vitro specific functions of human organs or tissues. While promising as an alternative to traditional 2D cell culture and animal models in drug development, controlled realization of complex microvasculature within OoC remains a significant challenge. Here, we demonstrate how femtosecond laser patterning allows to produce hollow microvascular-like channels inside a collagen-based matrix directly within a microfluidic chip. The hydrogel preparation protocol was optimized to maintain structural stability, facilitating successful endothelialization of produced channels. The resulting microvascular structures exhibit notable physiological relevance, as evidenced by the expression of key endothelial markers (ZO-1, and VE-cadherin) and the successful reproduction of the barrier function. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) exposure induces a concentration-dependent increase in vascular permeability and inflammatory marker expression (ICAM-1). The proposed method holds the potential to control and faithfully reproduce the vascularization process in OoC platforms, in both physiological and inflammatory conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-04-28DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/adcd9f
Sabrina Schoenborn, Mingyang Yuan, Cody A Fell, Chuanhai Liu, David F Fletcher, Selene Priola, Hon Fai Chan, Mia Woodruff, Zhiyong Li, Yi-Chin Toh, Mark C Allenby
{"title":"Simulating big mechanically-active culture systems (BigMACS) using paired biomechanics-histology FEA modelling to derive mechanobiology design relationships.","authors":"Sabrina Schoenborn, Mingyang Yuan, Cody A Fell, Chuanhai Liu, David F Fletcher, Selene Priola, Hon Fai Chan, Mia Woodruff, Zhiyong Li, Yi-Chin Toh, Mark C Allenby","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/adcd9f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/adcd9f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Big mechanically-active culture systems (BigMACS) are promising to stimulate, control, and pattern cell and tissue behaviours with less soluble factor requirements. However, it remains challenging to predict if and how distributed mechanical forces impact single-cell behaviours to pattern tissue. In this study, we introduce a tissue-scale finite element analysis framework able to correlate sub-cellular quantitative histology with centimetre-scale biomechanics. Our framework is relevant to diverse BigMACS, including media perfusion, tensile-stress, magnetic, and pneumatic tissue culture platforms. We apply our framework to understand how the design and operation of a multi-axial soft robotic bioreactor can spatially control mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation, orientation, differentiation to smooth muscle, and extracellular vascular matrix deposition. We find MSC proliferation and matrix deposition to positively correlate with mechanical stimulation but cannot be locally patterned by soft robot mechanical stimulation within a centimetre scale tissue. In contrast, local stress distribution was able to locally pattern MSC orientation and differentiation to smooth muscle phenotypes, where MSCs aligned perpendicular to principal stress direction and expressed increased α-SMA with increasing 3D Von Mises Stresses from 0 to 15 kPa. Altogether, our new biomechanical-histological simulation framework is a promising technique to derive the future mechanical design equations to control cell behaviours and engineer patterned tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Filamented light (FLight) biofabrication of mini-tendon models show tunable matrix confinement and nuclear morphology.","authors":"Hao Liu, Lynn Scherpe, Linnea B Hummer, Jess Gerrit Snedeker, Marcy Zenobi-Wong","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/adce35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/adce35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One hallmark of healthy tendon tissue is the high confinement of tenocytes between tightly packed, highly aligned collagen fibers. During tendinopathy, this organization becomes dysregulated, leading to cells with round-shaped morphology and collagen fibers which exhibit crimping and misalignment. The elongated nuclei in healthy tendons are linked to matrix homeostasis through distinct mechanotransduction pathways, and it is believed that the loss of nuclear confinement could upregulate genes associated with abnormal matrix remodeling. Replicating the cell and nuclear morphology of healthy and diseased states of tendon, however, remains a significant challenge for engineered<i>in vitro</i>tendon models. Here we report on a high throughput biofabrication of mini-tendons that mimick the tendon core compartment based on the filamented light (FLight) approach. Each mini-tendon, with a length of 4 mm, was composed of parallel hydrogel microfilaments (2-5<i>µ</i>m diameter) and microchannels (2-10<i>µ</i>m diameter) that confined the cells. We generated four distinct matrices with varying stiffness (7-40 kPa) and microchannel dimensions. After 14 d of culture, 29% of tenocytes in the softest matrix with the largest microchannel diameter were aligned, exhibiting an average nuclear aspect ratio (nAR) of 2.1. In contrast, 84% of tenocytes in the stiffest matrix with the smallest microchannel diameter were highly aligned, with a mean nAR of 3.4. When tenocytes were cultured<i>on</i>the FLight hydrogels (2D) as opposed to within the hydrogels three-dimensional (3D), the mean nAR was less than 1.9, indicating that nuclear morphology is significantly more confined in 3D environments. By tuning the stiffness and microarchitecture of the FLight matrix, we demonstrated that mechanical confinement can be modulated to exert control over the extent of nuclear confinement. This high-throughput, tunable platform offers a promising approach for studying the mechanobiology of healthy and diseased tendons and for eventual testing of drug compounds against tendinopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cardiomyocyte sheet stacking using fibrin enables high-speed construction of three-dimensional myocardial tissue and high transplantation efficiency.","authors":"Katsuhisa Sakaguchi, Kazuki Nakazono, Kodai Tahara, Yuto Hinata, Yusuke Tobe, Jun Homma, Hidekazu Sekine, Katsuhisa Matsuura, Kiyotaka Iwasaki, Satoshi Tsuneda, Tatsuya Shimizu","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/adcb6e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/adcb6e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the development of three-dimensional (3D) tissues that promises remarkable advances in myocardial therapies and pharmaceutical research, vascularization is required for the repair of damaged hearts using cardiac tissue engineering. In this study, we developed a method for rapid generation of a 3D cardiac tissue, with extremely high engraftment efficiency, by stacking cardiomyocyte sheets using fibrin as an adhesive. Cell sheets were created by peeling off confluent cultured cells from a culture dish grafted with a polymer that induced surface hydrophilicity in response to low temperatures. The high engraftment rate was attributed to the retention of the adhesive protein. The multistacked vascularized cell sheets prepared using fibrin, when transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue and at myocardial infarction site in rats, yielded a transplanted 3D myocardial tissue. Furthermore, multilayered cardiomyocyte sheets were transplanted twice at 1 week intervals to create a 3D myocardial tissue. Our data suggest that fibrin-based rapidly layered cell sheets can advance tissue-engineered transplantation therapy and should aid the development of next-generation tissue-engineered products in the fields of regenerative medicine and drug screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/adcbd7
Yumeng Tang, Yi Zhang, Li Zou, Chengli Sun, Weizhe Tang, Youce Zou, Aiwu Zhou, Weili Fu, Fuyou Wang, Kang Li, Qiang Zhang, Xiaosheng Zhang
{"title":"Review of 3D-printed bioceramic/biopolymer composites for bone regeneration: fabrication methods, technologies and functionalized applications.","authors":"Yumeng Tang, Yi Zhang, Li Zou, Chengli Sun, Weizhe Tang, Youce Zou, Aiwu Zhou, Weili Fu, Fuyou Wang, Kang Li, Qiang Zhang, Xiaosheng Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/adcbd7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/adcbd7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomaterials for orthopedic applications must have biocompatibility, bioactivity, and optimal mechanical performance. A suitable biomaterial formulation is critical for creating desired devices. Bioceramics with biopolymer composites and biomimetics with components similar to that of bone tissue, have been recognized as an area of research for orthopedic applications. The combination of bioceramics with biopolymers has the advantage of satisfying the need for robust mechanical support and extracellular matrices at the same time. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a powerful method for restoring large bone defects and skeletal abnormalities owing to the favorable merits of preparing large, porous, patient-specific, and other intricate architectures. Bioceramic/biopolymer composites produced using 3D printing technology have several advantages, including desirable optimal architecture, enhanced tissue mimicry, and improved biological and physical properties. This review describes various 3D printing bioceramic/biopolymer composites for orthopedic applications. We hope that these technologies will inspire the future design and fabrication of 3D printing bioceramic/biopolymer composites for clinical and commercial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiofabricationPub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/adcb6d
O Aung, Peter J Rossi, Yingnan Zhai, Kenneth P Allen, Mitchell R Dyer, Jackie Chang, Xiaolong Wang, Chase Caswell, Austin Stellpflug, Yiliang Chen, Brandon J Tefft, Linxia Gu, Rongxue Wu, Bo Wang
{"title":"Biofabrication of small-diameter vascular graft with acellular human amniotic membrane: a proof-of-concept study in pig.","authors":"O Aung, Peter J Rossi, Yingnan Zhai, Kenneth P Allen, Mitchell R Dyer, Jackie Chang, Xiaolong Wang, Chase Caswell, Austin Stellpflug, Yiliang Chen, Brandon J Tefft, Linxia Gu, Rongxue Wu, Bo Wang","doi":"10.1088/1758-5090/adcb6d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/adcb6d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts are Food and Drug Administration approved and effective for large vessel surgeries but face challenges in smaller vessels (Inner Diameter, ID ⩽ 6 mm) due to reduced blood flow and higher risks of thrombosis, stenosis, and infection. This study developed a vascular graft with an ID of 6 mm from decellularized human amniotic membrane (DAM graft) and compared its performance to ePTFE grafts in a porcine carotid artery model for one month. DAM grafts retained key extracellular matrix structures and mechanical properties post-decellularization, with customizable layers and stiffness to meet specific clinical needs. DAM grafts demonstrated successful carotid artery replacement, showing good surgical feasibility, patency, and post-operative recovery in all animals. In contrast to ePTFE grafts, which exhibited significant neointimal hyperplasia (NIH), poor endothelialization, and inflammation, DAM grafts displayed organized endothelial coverage, smooth muscle alignment, and reduced inflammation, minimizing NIH, thrombosis, and graft failure. These findings position DAM grafts as a promising alternative to synthetic grafts, especially for small-diameter applications. Future research should focus on improving endothelialization, exploring molecular mechanisms, and assessing long-term outcomes to further optimize DAM grafts for clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":8964,"journal":{"name":"Biofabrication","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}