Biomolecules最新文献

{"title":"Thymol Preserves Spermatogenesis and Androgen Production in Cisplatin-Induced Testicular Toxicity by Modulating Ferritinophagy, Oxidative Stress, and the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway.","authors":"Amira M Badr, Sheka Aloyouni, Yasmin Mahran, Hanan Henidi, Elshaymaa I Elmongy, Haya M Alsharif, Aliyah Almomen, Sahar Soliman","doi":"10.3390/biom15091277","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15091277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cisplatin (CDDP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, but its off-target toxicity, including testicular damage, limits clinical use. Bioactive compounds may help mitigate chemotherapy-induced reproductive toxicity. This study investigates thymol's role in modulating ferritinophagy to preserve reproductive function and steroidogenesis. Male Wistar rats were randomized to control, CDDP, thymol, or CDDP + thymol groups. Thymol (60 mg/kg) was given orally for 14 days, and CDDP (8 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally on day 7. Testicular function was assessed through hormonal analysis, sperm evaluation, and histopathology. Ferritinophagy, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers were assessed to elucidate thymol's chemoprotective mechanisms. Thymol co-administration preserved steroidogenesis, restored sperm quality, and maintained testicular architecture in CDDP-treated rats. Thymol suppressed ferritinophagy, reducing iron overload and mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cellular damage. Additionally, thymol activated the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, enhancing antioxidant defenses while downregulating inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6). Additionally, thymol enhanced CDDP's selectivity toward cancer cells while reducing its toxicity to normal cells. This study provides evidence that thymol modulates ferritinophagy to attenuate CDDP-induced testicular toxicity, helping preserve reproductive function via regulation of iron homeostasis. These findings highlight thymol's potential as an adjunct therapy to mitigate chemotherapy-associated reproductive damage while maintaining CDDP's anticancer efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Label-Free and Ultrasensitive APE1 Detection Based on Hybridization Chain Reaction Combined with G-Quadruplex.","authors":"Yarong Zhang, Hongyan Ma, Zhenyao Gao, Miao Li, Fan Yang, Lingbo Sun, Yuecheng Zhang","doi":"10.3390/biom15091275","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15091275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) selectively cleaves the apurinic/apyrimidinic site (AP site) in DNA, playing a critical role in base excision repair and genomic stability maintenance. Aberrant APE1 expression has been linked to numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, neurological conditions, and various cancers. However, existing methods for detecting trace levels of APE1 remain suboptimal for certain applications. To address this limitation, we developed an innovative biosensing platform for ultrasensitive APE1 detection by integrating APE1-specific site recognition with hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-based signal amplification, enabling enzyme- and label-free bioassays. In this system, APE1 recognizes and cleaves the AP site-containing hairpin (HP) probe, releasing a single-stranded HCR initiator that triggers cascaded HCR amplification. Owing to the high efficiency of HCR, this method achieves ultrahigh sensitivity, with a calculated detection limit of 1.0 × 10^-8 U/mL. Furthermore, the biosensor demonstrates robust performance in cell lysates and is applicable for screening and evaluating APE1 inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Fibrosis Burden and a Transcriptional Biomarker-Based Strategy for Early Detection in Resource-Limited Settings.","authors":"Qinqin Deng, Longjiang Wu, Chenlu Zhang, Mei Dang","doi":"10.3390/biom15091273","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15091273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibrotic diseases contribute to nearly half of all deaths in industrialized countries, yet effective early detection strategies remain lacking, particularly in low-resource settings. This study aimed to quantify the global burden of fibrosis-related diseases using updated global burden of disease (GBD) 2021 data across 204 countries and territories and establish a cost-effective diagnostic approach targeting vestigial-like family member 3 (VGLL3), a fibrosis-associated transcriptional co-regulator. Our analysis revealed that from 1990 to 2021, fibrosis-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality increased by 16.71% and 4.83%, respectively, with neoplasms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) being the main contributors. We also found a growing burden disproportionately concentrated in low socio-demographic index (SDI) regions. To address the diagnostic gap, we developed a novel immunoassay targeting VGLL3, an intrinsically disordered transcriptional co-regulator implicated in early fibrotic remodeling. The assay demonstrated a detection range of 27.01-2512.36 nM and a limit of detection of 12.55 nM. Immunohistochemical validation in a mouse myocardial infarction model confirmed the antibody's specificity in fibrotic tissues. This work highlights widening global health disparities in fibrosis burden and introduces a cost-effective, scalable diagnostic strategy for early fibrosis detection, particularly suitable for resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs): A Themed Issue in Honor of Prof. Walter Wahli.","authors":"Hervé Guillou, Manuel Vázquez-Carrera","doi":"10.3390/biom15091276","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15091276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is with great pleasure that we introduce this Special Issue dedicated to Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs), honoring the pioneering contributions of <b>Professor Walter Wahli</b> [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Applications of Nanomaterials in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemorrhagic Stroke.","authors":"Boyao Yuan, Taotao Jiang, Jingjing Han, Ting Zheng, Manxia Wang","doi":"10.3390/biom15091272","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15091272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemorrhagic stroke is a severe cerebrovascular disease with a high rate of disability and mortality. Its complex pathological mechanisms, such as blood-brain barrier damage, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, along with the restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier, have restricted the clinical therapeutic effects of drugs. Nanotechnology, with its advantages of targeting ability, biocompatibility, and multifunctionality, has provided a new approach for the precise diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic stroke. In terms of diagnosis, imaging technology enhanced by magnetic nanoparticles can achieve real-time bedside monitoring of hematoma dynamics and cerebral perfusion, significantly improving the timeliness compared with traditional imaging methods. In the field of treatment, the nanodrug delivery system can remarkably improve the bioavailability and brain targeting of clinical drugs and herbal medicines by enhancing drug solubility, crossing the blood-brain barrier, and responsive and targeting drug release. Multifunctional inorganic nanomaterials, such as cerium oxide nanoparticles, graphene, and perfluorooctyl octyl ether nanoparticles, can alleviate brain edema and neuronal damage through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and the scavenging of free radicals. Moreover, gene delivery mediated by nanocarriers and stem cell transplantation protection strategies have provided innovative solutions for regulating molecular pathways and promoting nerve repair. Although nanotechnology has shown great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic stroke, its clinical translation still faces challenges such as the evaluation of biosafety, standardization of formulations, and verification of long-term efficacy. In the future, it is necessary to further optimize material design and combine multimodal treatment strategies to promote a substantial breakthrough in this field from basic research to clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the BMI Paradox: Unraveling the Cellular and Molecular Determinants of Metabolic Health in Obesity.","authors":"Kyoichiro Tsuchiya, Takahiro Tsutsumi","doi":"10.3390/biom15091278","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15091278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity has traditionally been considered a major risk factor for numerous metabolic disorders and diseases. However, a subset of individuals with obesity, classified as having \"metabolically healthy obesity\" (MHO), display relatively normal metabolic parameters despite excess adiposity. This review critically examines the current knowledge surrounding MHO, including its various definitions, prevalence, clinical characteristics, contributing factors, and long-term outcomes. While MHO carries lower health risks compared to metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), evidence consistently demonstrates increased disease risk compared to metabolically healthy normal-weight individuals, particularly for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and certain cancers. MHO prevalence ranges from 10 to 30% among individuals with obesity globally, varying by sex, age, BMI, and ethnicity. Multiple factors contribute to the MHO phenotype, including beneficial adipose tissue distribution patterns, enhanced adipocyte function, favorable genetic profiles, and lifestyle factors. Recent single-cell transcriptomic analyses have identified specific cell populations, particularly mesothelial cells, as key drivers of metabolic health in visceral adipose tissue. The discovery of persistent epigenetic memory of obesity provides molecular evidence for why MHO often represents a transient state, with many individuals progressing to MUO over time. Emerging evidence also reveals differential therapeutic responses to GLP-1 receptor agonists between MHO and MUO phenotypes, highlighting the need for precision medicine approaches. The concept of MHO has important clinical implications for risk stratification and personalized treatment approaches. This review synthesizes current evidence while highlighting knowledge gaps and future research directions in this rapidly evolving field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Temperature Crystallography of S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase Observes Dynamic Loop Motions.","authors":"Jenitha R Patel, Timothy J Bonzon, Timothy F Bakht, Omowumi O Fagbohun, Jonathan A Clinger","doi":"10.3390/biom15091274","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15091274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is an essential enzyme in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway and plays a key role in the synthesis of the polyamines spermidine and spermine, polycationic alkylamines that are present in millimolar levels in mammalian cells. Polyamines are metabolic molecules that are involved in many fundamental processes, including regulation of protein and nucleic acid synthesis, stabilization of chromatin, differentiation, apoptosis, protection from oxidation, and regulation of ion channels. Multiple oncogenic pathways lead to dysregulation of polyamines, making polyamines a potential biomarker for cancer and polyamine biosynthesis a target for therapeutic intervention. This study uses multi-temperature crystallography to probe the structure and dynamics of AdoMetDC by collecting diffraction data at 100 K, 273 K, and 293 K. Differential loop behavior is observed across the collected datasets, with dramatic residue rearrangements. In the loop containing residues 20-28, the ambient temperature datasets show a large motion relative to the cryo structure. In a second loop containing residues 164-174, previous cryo structures do not report ordered positions. This loop is ordered in our 100 K structure, while assuming different conformations in the 273 K and 293 K data. These results further illustrate the usefulness of ambient data collection for understanding the structure and dynamics of proteins, especially in loop regions which are less restrained than protein cores.</p>","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical, Physiological, and Transcriptome Analyses Revealing Pod Shattering of <i>Medicago ruthenica</i> Associated with Pericarp Lignin Biosynthesis.","authors":"Lin Zhu, Maowei Guo, Zhiyong Li, Jun Li, Hongyan Li, Zinian Wu, Yonglei Tian, Chenggui Zhao","doi":"10.3390/biom15091269","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15091269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: <i>Medicago ruthenica</i>, a perennial legume forage valuable for ecological restoration and improved breeding, suffers significant harvest losses due to pod shattering. Pod shattering is a trait not only linked to not only pod ventral suture, but also pericarp properties. In this study, we aimed to (1) elucidate the role of pericarp in explosive pod shattering by comparing shattering-susceptible (SPD) and shattering-resistant (RPD) <i>M. ruthenica</i> genotypes, and (2) identify key regulatory genes and pathways underlying this mechanism. <b>Methods</b>: We conducted comparative analyses of pericarp anatomy and physiological traits (pericarp components such as water content, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin; and the activities of enzymes such as cellulose synthase A (CesA), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD) in SPD and RPD pods). Transcriptome of pod pericarps identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for the selection of candidates functional genes. Promoter analysis was performed on candidate functional genes to identify specific regulated factors. The functional role of auxin signaling was validated through exogenous auxin application and the assessment of pod shattering rates and gene expression. <b>Results</b>: SPD pod pericarps exhibited significantly higher lignification of endocarp, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin content, but lower water content than RPD. Principal component analysis identified that lignin contributes the highest loading value (0.727) contributor to pod shattering. The activities of five cell wall biosynthesis enzymes were higher in SPD pod pericarps than RPD. Transcriptome analysis identified more than 3419 DEGs in SPD pericarps. KEGG enrichment highlighted \"phenylpropanoid biosynthesis\" as the most significant pathway. A total of 57 lignin-biosynthesis-related DEGs were upregulated in SPD, including 15 <i>POD</i>s. Promoters of 11 <i>POD</i> genes contained <i>MYB</i>-binding motifs and 8 contained auxin-responsive elements, a total of 76 <i>MYB</i> transcription factors (mostly upregulated) and 9 auxin biosynthesis genes (mostly downregulated) were differentially expressed in SPD. Exogenous auxin application significantly reduced SPD pod shattering to 23.6% and concurrently downregulated <i>POD</i>s expression. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study establishes that enhanced lignification within the pericarp endocarp by the upregulation of lignin biosynthetic genes (particularly <i>POD</i>s), coupled with upregulation by <i>MYB</i> transcription factors and downregulation by auxin, is a core mechanism of explosive pod shattering in <i>M. ruthenica</i>. The identified DEGs, especially <i>MYB</i>s, <i>POD</i>s, and auxin pathway genes, provide gene information for breeding shattering-resistant <i>M. ruthenica</i> varieties through molecular design or marker-assisted selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of D-Amino Acids in Schizophrenia.","authors":"Serdar M Dursun, Leman H Dursun, Glen B Baker","doi":"10.3390/biom15091270","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15091270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most amino acids contain a chiral center and thus, can exist as L- and D-isomers. For many years, it was thought that only the L-isomers were present in mammals. However, in recent decades it has been demonstrated that D-isomers are also present. Three of these amino acids, namely D-serine, D-aspartate, and D-alanine, have been proposed to play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia via interactions with glutamate receptors. D-Serine and D-alanine act at the glycine modulatory site on the NMDA receptor, while D-aspartate acts at the glutamate site on the same receptor. D-aspartate also acts on the mGlu5 receptor and can stimulate glutamate release presynaptically. Preclinical studies have reported that manipulations to reduce brain levels of D-serine, D-aspartate, or D-alanine lead to schizophrenia-relevant behaviors, and clinical studies have reported reduced levels of these D-amino acids in the brain tissue (postmortem) and/or body fluids from schizophrenia patients compared to those noted in controls, although there are some contradictory findings. The possible use of these amino acids and/or the manipulation of their relevant enzymes in the treatment of schizophrenia are described. D-Cysteine has been identified recently in human brain tissue, with the highest values in white matter; demonstration of its involvement in brain development has led to speculation that it could be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia, identifying it as a potential therapy in combination with antipsychotics. Future directions and potential problems that should be considered in studies on D-amino acids and their relevant enzymes in schizophrenia are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Adjusted by Personal, Psychological, Biochemical, Anthropometric, and Physiological Variables with Global DNA Methylation in a Sample of Mexican Individuals.","authors":"Heriberto Jacobo-Cuevas, Jorge Ivan Gamez-Nava, Saúl Ramírez-De Los Santos, Carlos Alfonso Mercado-Calderón, Blanca Estela Ríos-González, Juan Manuel Ponce-Guarneros, Aniel Jessica Leticia Brambila-Tapia","doi":"10.3390/biom15091271","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15091271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global DNA methylation has been associated with numerous traits and conditions; however, its relationship with inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers has not been fully elucidated. The objective of this study is to determine the correlation between inflammatory and oxidative stress markers with global DNA methylation after adjusting for personal, psychological, biochemical, anthropometric, and physiological variables in a non-representative sample of the Mexican population. An adult Mexican population was invited to participate and complete a questionnaire with personal and psychological variables. Additionally, anthropometric variables and blood pressure were measured in all the participants. Finally, general blood tests, global DNA methylation analysis, and measurements of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were performed. A total of 157 participants were included, of which 83 (52.8%) were women, with a median age of 24 years and an age range of 18-58 years. In the comparison between sexes, men showed higher levels of global DNA methylation. In addition, men showed a higher number of correlations with this variable. The bivariate correlations showed low positive correlations of IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and 8-isoprostane with global DNA methylation in the total sample. In addition, BMI showed low negative and significant correlations with global DNA methylation in the total, women's, and men's samples, while blood pressure showed low negative correlations with global DNA methylation in the men's sample. Men showed low negative correlations with personal and biochemical variables that were not found in the women's group. In the multivariate analyses, the psychological variables (SOC-13 comprehensibility, perceived stress, and assertiveness) correlated negatively either in the total, or in men's or women's samples, and the daily intake of drugs correlated negatively with methylation in the women's sample in the bivariate and multivariate analyses. In conclusion, global DNA methylation seems to be related to many variables, including the inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, and this relationship is different in each sex.</p>","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}