Biomolecules最新文献_第8页

Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams: Feedstocks, Synthesis, and Applications. 生物基聚氨酯泡沫：原料，合成和应用。

IF 4.8 2区生物学

Biomolecules Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050680

Marta Santos, Marcos Mariz, Igor Tiago, Susana Alarico, Paula Ferreira

引用次数: 0

α-Mangostin Is a Xanthone Derivative from Mangosteen with Potent Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. α-山竹苷是山竹的一种山酮衍生物，具有有效的免疫调节和抗炎特性。

IF 4.8 2区生物学

Biomolecules Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050681

Amin F Majdalawieh, Bayan K Khatib, Tala M Terro

{"title":"α-Mangostin Is a Xanthone Derivative from Mangosteen with Potent Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Properties.","authors":"Amin F Majdalawieh, Bayan K Khatib, Tala M Terro","doi":"10.3390/biom15050681","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15050681","url":null,"abstract":"α-Mangostin, a bioactive xanthone derived from the Garcinia mangostana L. Clusiaceae (G. mangostana) fruit, has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including metabolic disorders, autoimmune conditions, and cancer. Conventional anti-inflammatory therapies, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), often carry undesirable side effects, prompting the need for safer, natural alternatives. This review consolidates the existing literature on the mechanisms by which α-mangostin exerts its anti-inflammatory effects, including the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, modulation of immune cell activity, and inhibition of key signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Additionally, α-mangostin exhibits immunomodulatory properties by influencing both innate and adaptive immune responses, affecting macrophage polarization, T cell differentiation, and cytokine production. Its efficacy has been observed in numerous disease models, including joint disorders, digestive and metabolic conditions, hepatic diseases, neurological disorders, and respiratory ailments. The potential therapeutic applications of α-mangostin as an anti-inflammatory agent warrant further investigation through preclinical and clinical studies to validate its efficacy and safety.","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PI3K/mTOR Signaling Pathway Dual Inhibition for the Management of Neuroinflammation: Novel Insights from In Vitro Models. PI3K/mTOR信号通路对神经炎症管理的双重抑制：来自体外模型的新见解

IF 4.8 2区生物学

Biomolecules Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050677

Alessio Ardizzone, Sarah Adriana Scuderi, Giovanna Casili, Rossella Basilotta, Emanuela Esposito, Marika Lanza

{"title":"PI3K/mTOR Signaling Pathway Dual Inhibition for the Management of Neuroinflammation: Novel Insights from In Vitro Models.","authors":"Alessio Ardizzone, Sarah Adriana Scuderi, Giovanna Casili, Rossella Basilotta, Emanuela Esposito, Marika Lanza","doi":"10.3390/biom15050677","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15050677","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroinflammatory responses are central to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, affecting cells of both neuronal and glial origin that respond to immune-driven inflammatory stimuli. The PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway is essential for the regulation of these neuroinflammatory processes and is therefore a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Here, we investigated the consequences of PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibition on neuroinflammation employing PF-04691502, an agent with combined PI3K and mTOR inhibitory activity. We treated SH-SY5Y, C6, BV-2, and Mo3.13 cell lines with PF-04691502 at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 µM to assess the modulation of neuroinflammatory responses. To induce inflammation, cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/mL) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ, 100 U/mL). The results from the MTT assays demonstrated that PI3K/mTOR inhibition preserved cell viability at 0.5 and 1 µM across all of the cell lines, indicating its potential to mitigate inflammation-driven cytotoxicity. Subsequent ELISA assays revealed a marked decrease in the NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, confirming the effective suppression of inflammation through PI3K/mTOR inhibition. In addition, the SH-SY5Y cell line was exposed to MPP+ to simulate Parkinson's disease (PD)-like toxicity; then, cell viability, PD-associated markers, and apoptotic indicators were assessed. Our results indicate that inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR signaling axis may alleviate neurodegenerative processes by modulating both neuroinflammatory responses and apoptotic pathways. These findings highlight the therapeutic promise of targeting PI3K/mTOR in the context of neurodegenerative disorders and support the need for further validation through in vivo and clinical investigations.","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engineered Fluorescent Variants of Lactadherin C2 Domain for Phosphatidylserine Detection in Flow Cytometry. 用于流式细胞术检测磷脂酰丝氨酸的乳酸粘附素C2结构域的工程荧光变体。

IF 4.8 2区生物学

Biomolecules Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050673

Ekaterina Koltsova, Albina Avilova, Elena Nikolaeva, Nikita Kolchin, Kirill Butov

{"title":"Engineered Fluorescent Variants of Lactadherin C2 Domain for Phosphatidylserine Detection in Flow Cytometry.","authors":"Ekaterina Koltsova, Albina Avilova, Elena Nikolaeva, Nikita Kolchin, Kirill Butov","doi":"10.3390/biom15050673","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15050673","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an essential phospholipid and an emerging biomarker involved in key biological processes. While annexin V (axV) is the most widely used tool for PS detection, its calcium-dependent binding and other limitations have spurred interest in alternative probes. The lactadherin C2 domain (lactC2) offers a promising alternative, addressing many of the drawbacks associated with axV. However, its broader adoption has been hindered by challenges in production and modification for convenient experimental use. Here, we demonstrate the successful in-house engineering of fully functional recombinant bovine lactC2-based fluorescent sensors and compare their key parameters to axV probes. We show that mNeonGreen-lactC2 fusion exhibits calcium-independent binding with a comparable dissociation constant for 20% PS liposomes. We also demonstrate the detrimental effects of primary amine modification on lactC2's PS binding efficiency, suggesting the preferential use of fluorescent protein fusion or alternative approaches. Finally, we show that unlike full-length lactadherin or axV, lactC2 inhibited thrombin generation only at high concentrations (>250 nM) in coagulation assays. These findings establish recombinant lactC2 as a versatile and promising PS sensor, with potential applications in experimental settings where axV might be unsuitable.","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biophysical Characterization of Shrimp Hemocyanins: Stability and Emerging Biotechnological Applications. 虾血青素的生物物理特性：稳定性和新兴的生物技术应用。

IF 4.8 2区生物学

Biomolecules Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050675

Lierge Ramos, Claudemir O Souza, Ísis Sebastião, Giovana Bertini, Francisco Adriano de Oliveira Carvalho, Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da Silva, Edson Miguel Vilanculo, Julianne Soares Pereira, Patrícia Soares Santiago

{"title":"Biophysical Characterization of Shrimp Hemocyanins: Stability and Emerging Biotechnological Applications.","authors":"Lierge Ramos, Claudemir O Souza, Ísis Sebastião, Giovana Bertini, Francisco Adriano de Oliveira Carvalho, Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da Silva, Edson Miguel Vilanculo, Julianne Soares Pereira, Patrícia Soares Santiago","doi":"10.3390/biom15050675","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15050675","url":null,"abstract":"Hemocyanins are oxygen-transporting proteins found in crustaceans and other arthropods, playing key roles in immune defense and metabolic regulation. Due to their stability and bioactive properties, Hcs have gained increasing interest in biotechnological and biomedical applications. However, detailed biophysical characterization is crucial to understanding their functional potential. In this study, the hemocyanin was extracted and purified from Macrobrachium acanthurus (HcMac) using ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography. The molecular mass of HcMac was determined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and analytical ultracentrifugation. Spectroscopic analyses, including UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, and light scattering intensity, were used to assess the structural stability of the compound under various pH conditions. HcMac was identified as a hexameric protein (~450 kDa) composed of monomeric subunits of 75 and 76 kDa. The protein maintained its oligomeric stability and oxygen-binding affinity in the pH range of 5.0-7.4. However, extreme pH conditions (below 4.4 and above 7.5) induced structural alterations, leading to dissociation and conformational changes, as evidenced by fluorescence emission and UV-Vis spectra. The isoelectric point was determined to be between pH 4.3 and 5.3, consistent with other crustacean HCs. These findings reinforce the structural robustness of HcMac and suggest its potential for biotechnological applications. The high stability of HcMac under physiological pH conditions indicates its suitability for biomedical research, including immunomodulatory and antimicrobial applications. Future studies integrating bioinformatics, proteomics, and immunological assays will be essential to explore the therapeutic potential of HcMac.","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex Differences in Brain Transcriptomes of Juvenile Cynomolgus Macaques. 幼食蟹猴脑转录组的性别差异。

IF 4.8 2区生物学

Biomolecules Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050671

Nadia Kabbej, Frederick J Ashby, Alberto Riva, Paul D Gamlin, Ronald J Mandel, Aishwarya Kunta, Courtney J Rouse, Coy D Heldermon

{"title":"Sex Differences in Brain Transcriptomes of Juvenile Cynomolgus Macaques.","authors":"Nadia Kabbej, Frederick J Ashby, Alberto Riva, Paul D Gamlin, Ronald J Mandel, Aishwarya Kunta, Courtney J Rouse, Coy D Heldermon","doi":"10.3390/biom15050671","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15050671","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Behavioral, social, and physical characteristics are posited to distinguish the sexes, yet research on transcription-level sexual differences in the brain is limited. Here, we investigated sexually divergent brain transcriptomics in pre-pubertal cynomolgus macaques, a commonly used surrogate species to humans.Methods: A transcriptomic profile using RNA sequencing was generated for the temporal lobe, ventral midbrain, and cerebellum of three female and three male cynomolgus macaques previously treated with an adeno-associated virus vector mix. Statistical analyses to determine differentially expressed protein-coding genes in all three lobes were conducted using DeSeq2 with a false-discovery-rate-corrected p-value of 0.05.Results: We identified target genes in the temporal lobe, ventral midbrain, and cerebellum with functions in translation, immunity, behavior, and neurological disorders that exhibited statistically significant sexually divergent expression.Conclusions: We provide potential mechanistic insights into the epidemiological differences observed between the sexes with regard to mental health and infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. Our results provide pre-pubertal information on sexual differences in non-human primate brain transcriptomics and may provide insight into health disparities between the biological sexes in humans.","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Critical Balance Between Quiescence and Reactivation of Neural Stem Cells. 神经干细胞的静止和再激活之间的关键平衡。

IF 4.8 2区生物学

Biomolecules Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050672

Adam M Elkin, Sarah Robbins, Claudia S Barros, Torsten Bossing

引用次数: 0

Molecular Insights into Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Cardiomyopathy and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. 氧化应激介导的心肌病和潜在的治疗策略的分子见解。

IF 4.8 2区生物学

Biomolecules Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050670

Zhenyu Xiong, Yuanpeng Liao, Zhaoshan Zhang, Zhengdong Wan, Sijia Liang, Jiawei Guo

{"title":"Molecular Insights into Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Cardiomyopathy and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Zhenyu Xiong, Yuanpeng Liao, Zhaoshan Zhang, Zhengdong Wan, Sijia Liang, Jiawei Guo","doi":"10.3390/biom15050670","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15050670","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiomyopathies comprise a heterogeneous group of cardiac disorders characterized by structural and functional abnormalities in the absence of significant coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease, or congenital defects. Major subtypes include hypertrophic, dilated, arrhythmogenic, and stress-induced cardiomyopathies. Oxidative stress (OS), resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses, has emerged as a key contributor to the pathogenesis of these conditions. ROS-mediated injury drives inflammation, protease activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cardiomyocyte damage, thereby promoting cardiac remodeling and functional decline. Although numerous studies implicate OS in cardiomyopathy progression, the precise molecular mechanisms remain incompletely defined. This review provides an updated synthesis of current findings on OS-related signaling pathways across cardiomyopathy subtypes, emphasizing emerging therapeutic targets within redox-regulatory networks. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may guide the development of targeted antioxidant strategies to improve clinical outcomes in affected patients.","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural Biology in the AlphaFold Era: How Far Is Artificial Intelligence from Deciphering the Protein Folding Code? AlphaFold时代的结构生物学：人工智能离破译蛋白质折叠密码还有多远？

IF 4.8 2区生物学

Biomolecules Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050674

Nicole Balasco, Luciana Esposito, Luigi Vitagliano

{"title":"Structural Biology in the AlphaFold Era: How Far Is Artificial Intelligence from Deciphering the Protein Folding Code?","authors":"Nicole Balasco, Luciana Esposito, Luigi Vitagliano","doi":"10.3390/biom15050674","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15050674","url":null,"abstract":"Proteins are biomolecules characterized by uncommon chemical and physicochemical complexities coupled with extreme responsiveness to even minor chemical modifications or environmental variations. Since the shape that proteins assume is fundamental for their function, understanding the chemical and structural bases that drive their three-dimensional structures represents the central problem for an atomic-level interpretation of biology. Not surprisingly, this question has progressively become the Holy Grail of structural biology (the folding problem). From this perspective, we initially describe and discuss the different formulations of the folding problem. In the present manuscript, the folding problem is framed from a historical perspective, effectively highlighting the progress made in the last lustrum. We chronologically summarize the major contributions that traditional methodologies provide in approaching this multifaceted problem. We then describe the recent advent and evolution of predictive approaches based on machine learning techniques that are revolutionizing the field by pointing out the potentialities and limitations of this approach. In the final part of the perspective, we illustrate the contribution that computational approaches will make in current structural biology to overcome the limitations of the reductionist approach of studying individual molecules to afford the atomic-level characterization of entire cellular compartments.","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12109453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regulatory Mechanism of DHCR7 Gene Expression by Estrogen in Chicken Granulosa Cells of Pre-Hierarchical Follicles. 雌激素对鸡分级前卵泡颗粒细胞DHCR7基因表达的调控机制

IF 4.8 2区生物学

Biomolecules Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050668

Dandan Li, Longxiao Hu, Qingqing Wei, Li Kang, Yi Sun, Yunliang Jiang

{"title":"Regulatory Mechanism of DHCR7 Gene Expression by Estrogen in Chicken Granulosa Cells of Pre-Hierarchical Follicles.","authors":"Dandan Li, Longxiao Hu, Qingqing Wei, Li Kang, Yi Sun, Yunliang Jiang","doi":"10.3390/biom15050668","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biom15050668","url":null,"abstract":"The difference in chicken egg production is closely related to the efficiency of follicle selection, which is marked by granulosa cell differentiation and progesterone production with cholesterol as the substrate. The conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol catalyzed by 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) is the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. Our previous study revealed that estrogen enhanced the mRNA expression of three DHCR7 transcript variants (T1, T3, and T4) in a dose-dependent manner in the granulosa cells of chicken pre-hierarchical follicles (Pre-GCs). This study investigates the molecular mechanisms through which estrogen regulates DHCR7 in chicken Pre-GCs. At the transcriptional level, through CUT&RUN-qPCR, we found that under basal conditions, sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) bound to the promoters of three DHCR7 transcript variants to promote cholesterol synthesis in Pre-GCs to maintain low cholesterol levels; meanwhile upon estrogen treatment, estrogen receptors α and β bound to the regulatory regions of three chicken DHCR7 transcript variants, leading to a reduction in the interaction between SREBP2 and DHCR7. At the translational level, the upstream open reading frames (uORFs) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in the 5'UTR of different DHCR7 transcripts differentially regulate the expression of T3 and T4, as detected by dual-luciferase reporter assays, but this regulation is not affected by estrogen. This study systematically explores the molecular mechanisms through which estrogen upregulates DHCR7 expression in chicken Pre-GCs and provides a clue for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cholesterol synthesis in chicken ovarian follicles.","PeriodicalId":8943,"journal":{"name":"Biomolecules","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12108600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0