Madagascar conservation and development最新文献

{"title":"We have got to up our game substantially for forests, carbon, biodiversity, and ultimately people","authors":"P. Waeber, Lucienne Wilmé","doi":"10.4314/MCD.V14I1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.V14I1.8","url":null,"abstract":"A recently published contribution in Nature by Lenton et al. (2019) shows that Earth is risking an irreversible planetary tipping point. This means that the Earth’s climate system is in a state of emergency, rushing its way towards a point of no return. The authors have identified nine tipping points—inter alia—melting Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets, retreating permafrost, changing boreal forest fire and pest regimes, and increased frequency of droughts in the Amazon forest. These signals are raising global concerns. While science expected these tipping points to be reached at 3°C increase (e.g., Lemoine and Traeger 2016), recent trends are corroborating the hypothesis that these points of irreversible and abrupt system change already show high probability of being reached within the bounds of 1.5–2°C. During the COP21 of the United Nation Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC), 195 countries adopted the Paris Agreement to limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C.","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"14 1","pages":"3-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47876973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wildlife hunting in complex human-environmental systems: How understanding natural resource use and human welfare can improve conservation in the Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar","authors":"C. Borgerson, J. F. Randrianasolo, Toky R. Andraina, Evelin Jean Gasta Anjaranirina, H. Randriamady, S. Merson, L. Dollar, C. Golden","doi":"10.4314/MCD.V14I1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.V14I1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation officials work to manage complex and interacting human-environmental systems, where balancing needs between the two systems can become a source of tension. This study presents information on the use of natural resources by, and the health and welfare of, rural communities within and near Ankarafantsika National Park (ANP) in northwestern Madagascar. We focus on behaviors that are difficult for natural resource managers to measure themselves, including the hunting of threatened and protected wildlife and on sensitive information about human wealth, health, and food security. We surveyed 419 households and measured the health of 1860 individuals in 18 communities adjacent to or within the boundaries of ANP. We found a very high prevalence of child malnutrition, illness, and food insecurity and a heavy reliance on natural products to meet subsistence needs. More than 90% of the population reported that they hunted wildlife and harvested wild vegetables at least one day during the prior week as a direct means to cope with their food insecurity. Further, we found a high reliance on the forest for both health care and the building of adequate shelter. Efforts to improve overall food security would likely improve both human welfare and the long-term conservation of the threatened wildlife and habitat of Ankarafantsika. These data can help both conservation and community livelihood programs to find integrated solutions to the shared challenges of improving the well-being of human populations and the protection of Madagascar’s unique, endemic, and highly threatened biodiversity. Resume Les gestionnaires œuvrant pour la protection de la nature sont generalement confrontes a des systemes socio-ecologiques complexes et interactifs dans lesquels la recherche de l’equilibre entre les besoins de ces deux systemes peut s’averer etre une source de tension. Cette etude presente des informations sur l'utilisation des ressources naturelles par les communautes rurales riveraines du parc national d'Ankarafantsika (PNA) dans le nord-ouest de Madagascar, ainsi que sur la sante et le bien-etre de ces communautes. L’etude s’est en particulier orientee sur les comportements difficiles a mesurer pour les gestionnaires de ressources naturelles, a savoir la chasse d'animaux sauvages menaces et proteges et les informations portant sur l’opulence, la sante et la securite alimentaire des gens. Une enquete a ete realisee aupres de 419 menages et l’etat de sante de 1860 personnes a ete mesure dans 18 communautes vivant a la peripherie ou a l’interieur des limites du PNA. Une tres forte prevalence de la malnutrition infantile a ete observee ainsi que diverses pathologies, une insecurite alimentaire et une dependance importante a l'egard des produits naturels pour repondre aux besoins de subsistance. Plus de 90% de la population a declare qu'elle avait chasse des animaux et recolte des plantes sauvages au moins un jour au cours de la semaine precedente, a titre de moyen","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"14 1","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48658406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additions to the geographical distribution of the Malagasy family Microcharmidae Lourenço 1 996 (Scorpiones: Buthoidea) and description of three new species of Microcharmus Lourenço 1 995","authors":"W. Lourenço, P. Waeber, Lucienne Wilmé","doi":"10.4314/MCD.V14I1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.V14I1.5","url":null,"abstract":"A more up to date biogeographic analysis of the patterns of distribution presented by the scorpions of the family Microcharmidae Lourenco 1996 are presented. This family is revalidated here based on numerous morphological characters. This Malagasy group of scorpions is represented by two genera, Microcharmus Lourenco 1995 and Neoprotobuthus Lourenco 2000 both endemic to the Island. The family Microcharmidae seems to be restricted to dry and wet forests formations in the northern and northwestern portions of the island. Here we describe three species new to science: Microcharmus andrei sp. n., Microcharmus antongil sp. n. and Microcharmus djangoa sp. n. The distribution of these new species seems to be restricted to the northern range of Madagascar, in habitats ranging from dry to wet forests, confirming therefore the patterns previously observed. Resume Une analyse biogeographique a jour portant sur les schemas de distribution des scorpions de la famille des Microcharmidae Lourenco 1996 est presentee. La famille est ici revalidee sur la base de nombreux caracteres morphologiques. Ce groupe de scorpions de Madagascar est represente par deux genres, Microcharmus Lourenco 1995 et Neoprotobuthus Lourenco 2000 tous deux endemiques de l’ile. La famille des Microcharmidae semble avoir une distribution limitee aux formations forestieres seches et humides des parties nord et nord-ouest de l’ile. Ici, nous decrivons trois especes nouvelles pour la science : Microcharmus andrei sp. n., Microcharmus antongil sp. n. et Microcharmus djangoa sp. n. La distribution de ces trois nouvelles especes semble limitee a la partie septentrionale de Madagascar, dans des habitats allant des forets seches a humides, ce qui confirme ainsi les schemas prealablement observes.","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"14 1","pages":"26-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49460854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Développement d'un logiciel (3C-BIOVIS) pour la détermination de la disponibilité des ressources fourragères par une approche de modélisation et télédétection","authors":"Tsiry Donnah Razafinarivo, Volatsara Baholy Rahetlah, P. Salgado, Neupomuscène Jean Rakotozandriny, José Herilalao Andriarimalala, Iavo Ralainindriana, Helène Artus, Lionel Le Mézo","doi":"10.4314/MCD.V14I1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.V14I1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Cattle husbandry is a common activity practiced for several generations in Madagascar. Unfortunately, cattle farmers have not fully taken full advantage of the potentialities of this sector, mainly because of poor management of the available range lands and fodder resources. An improved cattle production could be achieved through the use of prediction tools integrating remote sensing data with modelling. Here, we present a novel tool developed to aid in husbandry management. We collected measurement field data related to fodder biomass and converted data obtained from remote sensing into fodder quantity. These data were used to program a multispectral SPOT 5 satellite to calculate correlations between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the existing plant biomass. Using these correlations, we developed and tested several mathematic models to predict the quantity of biomass and the dry matter content. We developed a software, called 3C-BIOVIS, using computer programming and modelling of the obtained data. The tool predicts the quantity of available dry matter content within a defined rangeland and the number of animals that could be fed within a given time and space. It was designed to support rural development stakeholders in decision-making and to advise cattle farmers in forage resource management for an optimum output. RESUME L'elevage de bovin est une activite pratiquee depuis de nombreuses generations a Madagascar. Malheureusement, les eleveurs n'ont pas su jusqu'a aujourd'hui, tirer pleinement profit des potentialites de ce secteur. La mauvaise gestion des parcours et des ressources fourrageres represente une des principales causes de cette faible performance. Ainsi, l’amelioration de la production bovine pourrait etre obtenue a travers l’utilisation d'un outil de prediction de la disponibilite des ressources fourrageres en utilisant une approche combinee de modelisation et teledetection. Des mesures de donnees agronomiques de terrain sur la biomasse fourragere ont ete effectuees pour convertir les donnees issues de la teledetection en quantites de biomasse fourragere. Cette approche a necessite une programmation de passage du satellite multispectral SPOT 5 en parallele avec l'acquisition de donnees de terrain pour calculer des correlations entre l' indice de vegetation (NDVI) et la biomasse vegetale existante. A partir des regressions, plusieurs modeles ont ete elabores et testes pour pouvoir predire la quantite de biomasse ainsi que la teneur en matiere seche. La programmation et la modelisation informatique ont permis de developper un logiciel \"3C-BIOVIS\" . L’outil predit les informations sur la quantite de matiere seche disponible au niveau des parcelles et le nombre d'animaux pouvant etre alimentes par chaque parcelle a une periode donnee et dans un espace determine, via les donnees obtenues des images satellites. Cet outil a ete concu pour aider les acteurs du developpement rural a prendre des decisions de maniere a ","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"14 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48596216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of wetland uses by Common mynas (Acridotheres tristis) in the urban environment of Antananarivo, Madagascar","authors":"L. Randriamiharisoa, Hajanirina Rakotomanana","doi":"10.4314/mcd.wetlands.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mcd.wetlands.5","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of wetlands as habitat and breeding grounds for waterfowls is recognized and has been extensively studied, but their  role in regulating and maintaining ecosystems is less well documented. The use of wetlands by invasive species such as Common myna (Acridotheres  tristis), considered as one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world, is largely unknown. Therefore, the Common mynas could have an influence  on the occupation of native water bird species. The objectives of this study were to assess Common myna's (1) population size, (2) spatial  occupation and (3) characteristics of foraging and roosting sites. Three urban wetlands in Antananarivo were studied: the Tsarasaotra Park, a  private site classified as a Ramsar site, the Tsimbazaza Zoological and Botanical Park in the city center, and an area near the Ikopa River, close to the SOCOBIS biscuit factory. In total, 6196 Common mynas were counted with an estimated 7.9 individuals per hectare around the roosting sites. Vigilance and foraging behaviors were less observed when individuals were at a higher stratum, with communication and resting being the most  observed behaviors at this level. Only 5.6% of wetlands are used during the day as foraging areas and 1.4% as roosting sites at night, where  Common mynas cohabitate with herons and egrets. Finally, the environmental variables collected revealed that Common mynas favor wetlands  with tall, wide trees, located far from human disturbance. \u0000L’importance des zones humides en tant qu’habitat et site de reproduction pour les oiseaux d’eau est reconnue et a été abondamment étudiée. Cependant, le rôle des oiseaux d’eau dans la régulation et le maintien d’écosystème est moins bien documenté. Particulièrement l’utilisation des  zones humides par des espèces envahissantes telles que le Martin triste (Acridotheres tristis), une des 100 pires espèces envahissantes dans le  monde, reste peu étudiée. Le Martin triste pourrait avoir une influence et un impact par son occupation et son comportement envahissant sur les oiseaux d’eau autochtones. Afin d'évaluer la taille de la population du Martin triste, son utilisation et occupation spatiale, ainsi que les caractéristiques écologiques de ses zones d’alimentation et de dortoir, trois zones humides du milieu urbain d’Antananarivo ont été étudiées. Il  s’agit du Parc de Tsarasaotra, un site privé classé RAMSAR, le Parc Zoologique et Botanique de Tsimbazaza dans le centre-ville, et une zone située à  proximité de la rivière Ikopa, près de l’usine de fabrication de biscuits SOCOBIS. Un nombre de 6196 observations de Martins tristes ont été réa-  lisées et l'abondance des populations a été estimée à 7.9 individus par hectare autour des dortoirs. Les observations ont aussi révélé que le Martin  triste réduit certains comportements tels que la vigilance et l’alimentation lorsqu’il est à une hauteur plus élevée et privilégie alors des comportements de communication et de repos. Il utilise 5,6% des ","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48518720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Useful plants in the Park Bandro and its surroundings, Lake Alaotra, Madagascar","authors":"Nivo H. Rakotoarivelo, Nadiah Manjato, Lala Roger Andriamiarisoa, Roger Bernard, S. Andriambololonera","doi":"10.4314/mcd.wetlands.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/mcd.wetlands.4","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional use of plants constitutes an important activity in Malagasy life, especially in the countryside. The Sihanaka group is found in the east of  Lake Alaotra and is the dominant cultural group in the lake region, including in the Fokontany of Andreba Gara, near Park Bandro, in the east of  Lake Alaotra, in Ambatondrazaka district where the study was conducted. The Sihanaka holds traditional knowledge on plant uses and makes use of  this knowledge in their daily lives. The objective of this study was to describe the use of aquatic plants in the region to better understand the  importance of the Alaotra wetlands in the lives of local people. Surveys conducted among the people of Andreba, including one traditional chief (the Tangalamena) and one healer, revealed 55 useful species of aquatic plants, grouped into 41 genera and 23 families. Most species were used for their medicinal and veterinary virtues (32 species), for animal food (17 species), as utensils and tools (16 species), for cultural uses (10 species), and  for human food (9 species). Leaves (76%) are the most exploited plant parts. The species with the most uses were Cyperus papyrus subsp.  madagascariensis (Willd.) Kük. with 26 types of use recorded, then Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (19 types of use), Aeschynomene  elaphroxylon (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (12 types of use each). Nymphaea nouchali, Cyperus papyrus subsp.  madagascariensis and Phragmites australis were the species most frequently cited by informants, indicating that they are important for the local  population. The most frequently cited types of use included joro, namely ancestor’s invocation, food, materials for house walls construction, herbal teas to treat ailments, and fencing or demarcation of land boundaries. This study highlighted the importance of the Alaotra wetlands as a source of  useful plants for the local population. Sustainable management of Lake Alaotra is therefore not just necessary for biodiversity conservation, but also  for maintaining local livelihoods. \u0000  \u0000L’utilisation traditionnelle des plantes constitue une activité importante dans la vie des Malgaches, plus particulièrement dans les campagnes. Le  groupe Sihanaka est rencontré à l’est du lac Alaotra et constitue le groupe culturel dominant dans la région du lac, y compris dans le Fokontany  d’Andreba Gara, près du Parc Bandro, à l’Est du Lac Alaotra, dans le district d’Ambatondrazaka où l’étude a été menée. Les Sihanaka détiennent des  connaissances traditionnelles sur l’utilisation des plantes et utilisent ces connaissances dans leur vie quotidienne. L’objectif de cette étude était  de décrire l’utilisation des plantes aquatiques dans la région afin de mieux comprendre l’importance des zones humides de l’Alaotra dans la  vie des populations locales. Des enquêtes menées auprès de la population d’Andreba, y compris auprès d’un chef traditionnel (le Tangalamena) et  d’un guérisseur, ont révé","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41520352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Play, learn, explore: grasping complexity through gaming and photography","authors":"P. Waeber, A. D. Grave, Lucienne Wilmé, Claude A. Garcia","doi":"10.4314/MCD.WETLANDS.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.WETLANDS.1","url":null,"abstract":"Increased demand for agricultural products, the aspirations of rural communities and a growing recognition of planetary boundaries outline the complex trade-offs resource users are facing on a daily basis. Management problems typically involve multiple stakeholders with diverse and often conflicting worldviews, needs and agendas, in an environment with growing uncertainty. How to improve the flow of information between decision makers? What future landscapes will best resolve the apparently conflicting demands? To address these questions, our methodology has been based on participatory modeling and ‘ethnophotography in environmental science’, a term we have coined to describe our use of photography to explore the perceptions of landscape by resource users. We apply these coupled methods in the social-ecological landscape of the Alaotra, Madagascar. Within the realms of the AlaReLa (Alaotra Resilience Landscape) project, we have developed conceptual models that link actors, resources, norms and institutions, ecological processes and social dynamics through participatory modeling workshops. These involved farmers, academics, conservationists and decision makers. Recognizing and understanding the multiple linkages and feedback loops between all of these components and processes is a crucial first step in the design of socially acceptable strategies. In this paper we highlight the interaction of participatory research and photography, to show how they exchange and nurture each other, and how this approach allows the evolution of a common understanding of a social- ecological system. RESUME L'augmentation de la demande de produits agricoles, les aspirations des communautes rurales et la reconnaissance croissante d’une planete aux frontieres limites mettent en exergue les compromis complexes auxquels les utilisateurs des ressources sont confrontes de maniere quotidienne. Ces problemes de gestion impliquent generalement de multiples parties prenantes ayant des visions du monde et des besoins varies et souvent conflictuels, dans un environnement ou l' incertitude augmente. Comment peut-on ameliorer le flux d' information entre les preneurs de decision ? Quels futures utilisations du territoire resoudront au mieux des demandes apparemment contradictoires ? Pour repondre a ces questions, notre methodologie a ete basee sur la modelisation participative et l' « ethnophotographie en sciences de l'environnement », terme que nous avons cree pour decrire notre utilisation de la photographie afin d’explorer les perceptions de leur environnement par les utilisateurs de ressources. Nous appliquons ces methodes couplees dans le paysage socio-ecologique de l'Alaotra, a Madagascar. Dans le cadre du projet AlaReLa (Alaotra Resilience Landscape), nous avons developpe des modeles conceptuels qui relient les acteurs, les ressources, les normes et institutions, les processus ecologiques et la dynamique sociale a travers des ateliers de modelisation participative. Les parti","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MCD.WETLANDS.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70566457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tool development to understand rural resource users’ land use and impacts on land type changes in Madagascar","authors":"Lena M. Reibelt, Gabrielle Moser, A. Dray, Ihoby H. Randriamalala, Juliette Chamagne, B. Ramamonjisoa, Luis Enrique García Barrios, Claude A. Garcia, P. Waeber","doi":"10.4314/MCD.WETLANDS.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.WETLANDS.3","url":null,"abstract":"A majority of Madagascar’s rural people depend on the primary sector. The country’s agricultural hub, the Alaotra-Mangoro region, is mainly tied to fisheries and rice production. Increasing human population and decreasing output from fisheries and agriculture are pushing the rural resource users further into the protected marshlands. Understanding rural farmers’ decisions can help developing improved management plans to support long-term functioning of (socio-) ecological systems. We present here an example of inter- and transdisciplinary research which uses a participatory modelling approach to develop a shared vision of the Alaotra socio-ecological system. The purpose of this study is to introduce the used gaming approach in detail by documenting the process of co-construction of the Alaotra wetlands’ conceptual model. We then describe how the model is transcribed into a table-top role-playing game that will help researchers and stakeholders alike explore and understand decisions and management strategies. We finally report on first outcomes of the game including land use decisions, reaction to market fluctuation and landscape change. RESUME La majorite des populations rurales de Madagascar dependent du secteur primaire. Le centre agricole du pays, la region d'Alaotra- Mangoro, est principalement lie a la peche et a la production de riz. L'accroissement de la population humaine et la baisse de la production agricole et de la peche poussent les utilisateurs des ressources rurales vers les marais proteges. Comprendre les decisions des agriculteurs peut aider a developper de meilleurs plans de gestion pour soutenir le fonctionnement a long terme des systemes (socio-) ecologiques. Nous presentons ici un exemple de recherche interdisciplinaire et transdisciplinaire qui utilise une approche de modelisation participative pour developper une vision partagee du systeme socio-ecologique d'Alaotra. Le but de cette etude est de presenter en detail l'approche des jeux utilisee, en documentant le processus de co-construction du modele conceptuel pour les zones humides d'Alaotra. Nous decrivons ensuite comment le modele est transcrit dans un jeu de role sur plateau qui aidera les chercheurs et les parties prenantes a explorer et a comprendre les decisions et les strategies de gestion. Nous presentons enfin les premiers resultats du jeu, y compris les decisions d'utilisation des terres, la reponse aux fluctuations du marche et aux changements des paysages.","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MCD.WETLANDS.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70566601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circuit court du marché des produits agricolesj : pour une gestion efficace du paysage ouvert, cas du bassin-versant de Maningory, Madagascar","authors":"Annick Ravaka, B. Ramamonjisoa, H. R. Ratsimba, Aina Navale Arimino Ratovoson","doi":"10.4314/MCD.WETLANDS.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.WETLANDS.2","url":null,"abstract":"Separes par le rideau forestier du Parc National Zahamena, les paysans du cote Ouest du bassin versant du Maningory vivent en grande partie de la riziculture irriguee, alors que sur le versant Est, la culture itinerante sur brulis ou tavy caracterise les pratiques agricoles des paysans. Ils sont connus pour les cultures pluviales de riz, d’arachide, de haricot et les cultures de rente de girofle, de cafe, et de letchi. Le bassin versant est constitue de la foret naturelle de l’Aire Protegee, de la foret de reboisement d’eucalyptus et des zones marecageuses autour du Lac Alaotra. Cet ensemble forme une mosaique de paysage ouvert defini dans cet article comme l’ensemble des zones herbeuses et arbustives, des zones de culture sur formations degradees, ainsi que des espaces cultivables en bas-fond et en bas de pente. Le constat est que les surfaces des rizieres cultivables deviennent de plus en plus restreintes, incitant les paysans a coloniser les tanety ou le paysage ouvert pour les pratiques agricoles. Cet article tente de comprendre le role du circuit court de commercialisation des produits agricoles dans le changement d’occupation de ce paysage. Deux approches ont ete utilisees a cette fin : la modelisation d’accompagnement a travers un jeu de role, et des entretiens individuels. Les resultats demontrent que l’economie paysanne est surtout basee sur une economie de subsistance. La plupart de la production agricole est destinee a l’autosubsistance, incitant ainsi une faible resilience du paysage et suggere une forte vulnerabilite face a l’economie de marche. Le role du marche dans les strategies d’occupation du sol reste encore allusif mais intrinsequement lie aux prix des produits agricoles et a l’accessibilite des sites. ABSTRACT Separated by the Zahamena National park, smallholder farmers in the western part of the Maningory watershed largely rely on irrigated rice cropping, whereas those on the eastern front mainly rely on cash crops cultivated using slash and burn practices known as tavy in addition to rice cultivation. The watershed is made up of a mosaic of open landscapes, defined in this article as all grasslands, degraded cropland, and agricultural land. This mosaic is interspersed with the forests of the Zahamena National Park as well as those of eucalyptus reforestation, and Lake Alaotra’s marshlands. As cultivable rice parcels become increasingly scarce, farmers are pushed to extend their farming into the tanety and open landscape. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the role of local agricultural product markets commercialization in landscape changes. Two approaches were implemented to this end, namely companion modelling using role-playing games and personal interviews. Results show that small farming economy is largely based on local subsistence. Most of the agricultural production is used for personal consumption, leading to a weak resilience of the landscape and suggesting high vulnerability towards the market. The","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MCD.WETLANDS.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70566585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae, song during the breeding season in the Gulf of Tribugá, Colombian Pacific","authors":"Christina E Perazio, Maria E Zapetis, D. Roberson, Natalia Botero, S. Kuczaj","doi":"10.4314/MCD.WHALES.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/MCD.WHALES.1","url":null,"abstract":"A key feature of humpback whale behavior, documented primarily on the breeding grounds, is the repertoire of the males’ song. Song is made up of single units combined together into phrases, which are repeated to make up themes. A song consists of several themes sung in succession. This study qualitatively investigates the presence and structure of song recorded in the Gulf of Tribuga in the Colombian Pacific. Data were collected between June and September 2013, from which approximately 4 hours and 30 minutes of song were analyzed from five individual whales. Three distinct themes, always sung in the same order (theme 1-theme 2- theme 3) were identified. Theme 1 was the most predominant theme overall, and was present in each song session that was analyzed. The structure of each theme is described with accompanying spectrograms, and specific acoustic parameters further illustrate theme progression and characterize differences between whales. This study serves as the first published descriptive analysis of the song of stock G in this area, and suggestions are made for future directions of investigation. Research on humpback song is used as a part of the overall efforts of Macuaticos Colombia Foundation to educate the communities of the Gulf of Tribuga about the importance of conservation, and to advocate for stricter guidelines for safe whale-watching practices. RESUME Les baleines a bosse ont ete observees dans le monde entier et elles migrent chaque annee entre leurs zones de nourrissage dans les latitudes elevees et les aires de reproduction aux latitudes basses. Le chant des baleines a bosse est l’un des comportements lie a l’accouplement qui a ete documente sur les aires de reproduction. Ce chant est compose d'unites simples combinees dans des phrases et qui sont repetees pour composer des themes. Les chants sont composes de plusieurs themes et sont principalement emis par les mâles. L'etude actuelle a porte sur la presence et la structure du chant des baleines a bosse du G-stock enregistre dans le golfe de Tribuga dans le Pacifique colombien. Les donnees ont ete recueillies entre juin et septembre 2013 a l'aide d'un hydrophone SQ26-08 au cours d’excursions en bateau qui se sont deroulees 3 fois par semaine. La structure du chant a ete codee en utilisant Raven Pro 1.4. Environ 4 heures et 30 minutes de chant ont ete analysees et les chercheurs ont identifie trois themes distincts qui ont toujours ete entendus dans le meme ordre. Le theme 1 dominait dans tous les enregistrements et etait compose de repetitions de legeres variations de l'expression ‘ABABABAA’. Le theme 2 etait compose de repetitions des unites ‘F’ et ‘Bl’, avec des variations de la phrase de multiples unites repetees dans une rangee. Le theme 3 etait compose de phrases repetees d'une unite longue ‘upsweep’ tonale 'LU', suivie par une unite courte ‘upsweep’ tonale ‘SU’, parfois avec une unite ‘downsweep’ dans le motif. L'unite ‘S’ a ete entendue pendant les transitions du theme 3 ","PeriodicalId":89438,"journal":{"name":"Madagascar conservation and development","volume":"13 1","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/MCD.WHALES.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45897123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}