Biomimetics最新文献_第10页

Bionic Multi-Legged Robots with Flexible Bodies: Design, Motion, and Control. 具有柔性身体的仿生多腿机器人：设计、运动和控制

IF 3.4 3区医学

Biomimetics Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100628

Xiang Li, Zhe Suo, Dan Liu, Jianfeng Liu, Wenqing Tian, Jixin Wang, Jianhua Wang

{"title":"Bionic Multi-Legged Robots with Flexible Bodies: Design, Motion, and Control.","authors":"Xiang Li, Zhe Suo, Dan Liu, Jianfeng Liu, Wenqing Tian, Jixin Wang, Jianhua Wang","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100628","url":null,"abstract":"Bionic multi-legged robots with flexible bodies embody human ingenuity in imitating, learning, and exploring the natural world. In contrast to rigid-body robots, these robots with flexible bodies exhibit superior locomotive capabilities. The flexible body of the robot not only boosts the moving speed and walking stability but also enhances adaptability across complex terrains. This article focuses on the innovative design of flexible bodies. Firstly, the structural designs, including artificial spines and single/multi-axis articulation mechanisms, are outlined systematically. Secondly, the enhancement of robotic motion by flexible bodies is reviewed, examining the impact that body degrees of freedom, stiffness, and coordinated control between the body and limbs have on robotic motion. Thirdly, existing robotic control methods, organized by control architectures, are comprehensively overviewed in this article. Finally, the application prospects of bionic multi-legged robots with flexible bodies are offered, and the challenges that may arise in their future development are listed. This article aims to serve as a reference for bionic robot research.","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11506302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improved Bald Eagle Search Optimization Algorithm for the Inverse Kinematics of Robotic Manipulators. 用于机器人机械手逆运动学的改进型秃鹰搜索优化算法

IF 3.4 3区医学

Biomimetics Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100627

Guojun Zhao, Bo Tao, Du Jiang, Juntong Yun, Hanwen Fan

{"title":"Improved Bald Eagle Search Optimization Algorithm for the Inverse Kinematics of Robotic Manipulators.","authors":"Guojun Zhao, Bo Tao, Du Jiang, Juntong Yun, Hanwen Fan","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100627","url":null,"abstract":"The inverse kinematics of robotic manipulators involves determining an appropriate joint configuration to achieve a specified end-effector position. This problem is challenging because the inverse kinematics of manipulators are highly nonlinear and complexly coupled. To address this challenge, the bald eagle search optimization algorithm is introduced. This algorithm combines the advantages of evolutionary and swarm techniques, making it more effective at solving nonlinear problems and improving search efficiency. Due to the tendency of the algorithm to fall into local optima, the Lévy flight strategy is introduced to enhance its performance. This strategy adopts a heavy-tailed distribution to generate long-distance jumps, thereby preventing the algorithm from becoming trapped in local optima and enhancing its global search efficiency. The experiments first evaluated the accuracy and robustness of the proposed algorithm based on the inverse kinematics problem of manipulators, achieving a solution accuracy of up to 10-18 m. Subsequently, the proposed algorithm was compared with other algorithms using the CEC2017 test functions. The results showed that the improved algorithm significantly outperformed the original in accuracy, convergence speed, and stability. Specifically, it achieved over 70% improvement in both standard deviation and mean for several test functions, demonstrating the effectiveness of the Lévy flight strategy in enhancing global search capabilities. Furthermore, the practicality of the proposed algorithm was verified through two real engineering optimization problems.","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Tail Dynamics on the Climbing Performance of Gecko-Inspired Robots: A Simulation and Experimental Study. 尾部动力学对壁虎机器人攀爬性能的影响：模拟与实验研究

IF 3.4 3区医学

Biomimetics Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100625

Shengchang Fang, Guisong Chen, Tong Liu, Weimian Zhou, Yucheng Wang, Xiaojie Wang

{"title":"Role of Tail Dynamics on the Climbing Performance of Gecko-Inspired Robots: A Simulation and Experimental Study.","authors":"Shengchang Fang, Guisong Chen, Tong Liu, Weimian Zhou, Yucheng Wang, Xiaojie Wang","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100625","url":null,"abstract":"Geckos are renowned for their exceptional climbing abilities, enabled by their specialized feet with hairy toes that attach to surfaces using van der Waals forces. Inspired by these capabilities, various gecko-like robots have been developed for high-risk applications, such as search and rescue. While most research has focused on adhesion mechanisms, the gecko's tail also plays a critical role in maintaining balance and stability. In this study, we systematically explore the impact of tail dynamics on the climbing performance of gecko-inspired robots through both simulation and experimental analysis. We developed a dynamic climbing simulation system that models the robot's specialized attachment devices and predicts contact failures. Additionally, an adjustable-angle force measurement platform was constructed to validate the simulation results. Our findings reveal the significant influence of the tail on the robot's balance, stability, and maneuverability, providing insights for further optimizing climbing robot performance.","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isolation and Characterization of Nanocellulose from Polypodiophyta Fern Using Chemo-Mechanical Method. 利用化学机械方法从蕨类植物中分离和表征纳米纤维素

IF 3.4 3区医学

Biomimetics Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100624

Katja Vasić, Monika Dokl, Željko Knez, Maja Leitgeb

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Nanocellulose from Polypodiophyta Fern Using Chemo-Mechanical Method.","authors":"Katja Vasić, Monika Dokl, Željko Knez, Maja Leitgeb","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100624","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocellulose is considered a promising and sustainable biomaterial, with excellent properties of biorenewability with improved mechanical properties. As a unique natural biopolymer, it has been applied to many different industries, where efficient and environmentally friendly productions are in demand. For the first time, ferns from the class Polypodiopsida were used for the isolation of cellulose fibers, which was performed using a chemo-mechanical method. As chemical treatment plays a crucial role in the isolation of nanocellulose, it affects the efficiency of the extraction process, as well as the properties of the resulting nanocellulose. Therefore, mechanical fibrillation was performed via grinding, while the chemical process consisted of three different treatments: alkali treatment, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. In three different experiments, each treatment was separately prolonged to investigate the differing properties of isolated nanocellulose. Structural analysis and morphological analysis were investigated by SEM, EDS, FT-IR, and DLS. The thermal stability of cellulose fibers was investigated by TGA/DSC. The morphology of obtained nanocellulose was confirmed via SEM analysis for all samples, with particles ranging from 20 nm up to 600 nm, while the most consistent sizes were observed for NC3, ranging from 20 to 60 nm. FT-IR spectra showed prominent absorption peaks corresponding to cellulose, as well as the absence of absorption peaks, corresponding to lignin and hemicellulose. The EDS confirmed the elemental purity of nanocellulose, while TGA/DSC indicated higher thermal stability of nanocellulose, compared to untreated fern, which started to degrade earlier than nanocellulose. Such characteristics with unique properties make nanocellulose a versatile biomaterial for the industrial production of cellulosic materials.","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11506791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bionic Design and Adsorption Performance Analysis of Vacuum Suckers. 真空吸盘的仿生设计和吸附性能分析。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Biomimetics Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100623

Peng Xi, Yanqi Qiao, Xiaoyu Nie, Qian Cong

{"title":"Bionic Design and Adsorption Performance Analysis of Vacuum Suckers.","authors":"Peng Xi, Yanqi Qiao, Xiaoyu Nie, Qian Cong","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100623","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses the problem that the traditional method is not effective in improving the adsorption performance of vacuum suckers. From the perspective of bionics, the adsorption performance of bionic suckers based on the excellent adsorption of the abalone abdominal foot was studied. A bionic sucker was designed by extracting the sealing ring structure of the abdominal foot tentacle. The bionic sucker was subjected to tensile experiments using an orthogonal experimental design, and the adsorption of the bionic sucker was simulated and analyzed to explore its adsorption mechanism. The results show that the primary and secondary factors affecting the adsorption of the sucker are the number of sealing rings, the width of sealing rings and the spacing of sealing rings. At 60% vacuum, the bionic sucker with two sealing rings, a 1.5 mm sealing ring width and 3 mm sealing ring spacing has the largest adsorption force, and its maximum adsorption force is 15.8% higher than that of the standard sucker. This study shows that the bionic sucker design can effectively improve the adsorption performance of the sucker. The bionic sucker had a different stress distribution on the sucker bottom, which resulted in greater Mises stress in the sealing ring and the surrounding area, while the Mises stress in the central area of the sucker was smaller.","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11506676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142516276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of Self-Locking Structure Based on Surface Microstructure of Dung Beetle Leg Joint. 基于蜣螂腿关节表面微观结构的自锁结构研究

IF 3.4 3区医学

Biomimetics Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100622

Dexin Sun, Sen Lin, Yubo Wang, Jiandong Cui, Zhiwei Tuo, Zhaohua Lin, Yunhong Liang, Luquan Ren

{"title":"Study of Self-Locking Structure Based on Surface Microstructure of Dung Beetle Leg Joint.","authors":"Dexin Sun, Sen Lin, Yubo Wang, Jiandong Cui, Zhiwei Tuo, Zhaohua Lin, Yunhong Liang, Luquan Ren","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100622","url":null,"abstract":"Dung beetle leg joints exhibit a remarkable capacity to support substantial loads, which is a capability significantly influenced by their surface microstructure. The exploration of biomimetic designs inspired by the surface microstructure of these joints holds potential for the development of efficient self-locking structures. However, there is a notable absence of research focused on the surface microstructure of dung beetle leg joints. In this study, we investigated the structural characteristics of the surface microstructures present in dung beetle leg joints, identifying the presence of fish-scale-like, brush-like, and spike-like microstructures on the tibia and femur. Utilizing these surface microstructural characteristics, we designed a self-locking structure that successfully demonstrated functionality in both the rotational direction of the structure and self-locking in the reverse direction. At a temperature of 20 °C, the biomimetic closure featuring a self-locking mechanism was capable of generating a self-locking force of 18 N. The bionic intelligent joint, characterized by its unique surface microstructure, presents significant potential applications in aerospace and various engineering domains, particularly as a critical component in folding mechanisms. This research offers innovative design concepts for folding mechanisms, such as those utilized in satellite solar panels and solar panels for asteroid probes.","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kinematic-Muscular Synergies Describe Human Locomotion with a Set of Functional Synergies. 运动-肌肉协同用一组功能协同来描述人类的运动。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Biomimetics Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100619

Valentina Lanzani, Cristina Brambilla, Alessandro Scano

{"title":"Kinematic-Muscular Synergies Describe Human Locomotion with a Set of Functional Synergies.","authors":"Valentina Lanzani, Cristina Brambilla, Alessandro Scano","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100619","url":null,"abstract":"Kinematics, kinetics and biomechanics of human gait are widely investigated fields of research. The biomechanics of locomotion have been described as characterizing muscle activations and synergistic control, i.e., spatial and temporal patterns of coordinated muscle groups and joints. Both kinematic synergies and muscle synergies have been extracted from locomotion data, showing that in healthy people four-five synergies underlie human locomotion; such synergies are, in general, robust across subjects and might be altered by pathological gait, depending on the severity of the impairment. In this work, for the first time, we apply the mixed matrix factorization algorithm to the locomotion data of 15 healthy participants to extract hybrid kinematic-muscle synergies and show that they allow us to directly link task space variables (i.e., kinematics) to the neural structure of muscle synergies. We show that kinematic-muscle synergies can describe the biomechanics of motion to a better extent than muscle synergies or kinematic synergies alone. Moreover, this study shows that at a functional level, modular control of the lower limb during locomotion is based on an increased number of functional synergies with respect to standard muscle synergies and accounts for different biomechanical roles that each synergy may have within the movement. Kinematic-muscular synergies may have impact in future work for a deeper understanding of modular control and neuro-motor recovery in the medical and rehabilitation fields, as they associate neural and task space variables in the same factorization. Applications include the evaluation of post-stroke, Parkinson's disease and cerebral palsy patients, and for the design and development of robotic devices and exoskeletons during walking.","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11506452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automatic Assist Level Adjustment Function of a Gait Exercise Rehabilitation Robot with Functional Electrical Stimulation for Spinal Cord Injury: Insights from Clinical Trials. 功能性电刺激脊髓损伤步态锻炼康复机器人的自动辅助水平调节功能：临床试验的启示

IF 3.4 3区医学

Biomimetics Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100621

Ryota Kimura, Takahiro Sato, Yuji Kasukawa, Daisuke Kudo, Takehiro Iwami, Naohisa Miyakoshi

{"title":"Automatic Assist Level Adjustment Function of a Gait Exercise Rehabilitation Robot with Functional Electrical Stimulation for Spinal Cord Injury: Insights from Clinical Trials.","authors":"Ryota Kimura, Takahiro Sato, Yuji Kasukawa, Daisuke Kudo, Takehiro Iwami, Naohisa Miyakoshi","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100621","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to identify whether the combined use of functional electrical stimulation (FES) reduces the motor torque of a gait exercise rehabilitation robot in spinal cord injury (SCI) and to verify the effectiveness of the developed automatic assist level adjustment in people with paraplegia. Acute and chronic SCI patients (1 case each) performed 10 min of gait exercises with and without FES using a rehabilitation robot. Reinforcement learning was used to adjust the assist level automatically. The maximum torque values and assist levels for each of the ten walking cycles when walking became steady were averaged and compared with and without FES. The motor's output torque and the assist level were measured as outcomes. The assist level adjustment allowed both the motor torque and assist level to decrease gradually to a steady state. The motor torque and the assist levels were significantly lower with the FES than without the FES under steady conditions in both cases. No adverse events were reported. The combined use of FES attenuated the motor torque of a gait exercise rehabilitation robot for SCI. Automatic assistive level adjustment is also useful for spinal cord injuries.","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11506815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Deep Learning Biomimetic Milky Way Compass. 深度学习仿生银河罗盘

IF 3.4 3区医学

Biomimetics Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100620

Yiting Tao, Michael Lucas, Asanka Perera, Samuel Teague, Timothy McIntyre, Titilayo Ogunwa, Eric Warrant, Javaan Chahl

{"title":"A Deep Learning Biomimetic Milky Way Compass.","authors":"Yiting Tao, Michael Lucas, Asanka Perera, Samuel Teague, Timothy McIntyre, Titilayo Ogunwa, Eric Warrant, Javaan Chahl","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100620","url":null,"abstract":"Moving in straight lines is a behaviour that enables organisms to search for food, move away from threats, and ultimately seek suitable environments in which to survive and reproduce. This study explores a vision-based technique for detecting a change in heading direction using the Milky Way (MW), one of the navigational cues that are known to be used by night-active insects. An algorithm is proposed that combines the YOLOv8m-seg model and normalised second central moments to calculate the MW orientation angle. This method addresses many likely scenarios where segmentation of the MW from the background by image thresholding or edge detection is not applicable, such as when the moon is substantial or when anthropogenic light is present. The proposed YOLOv8m-seg model achieves a segment mAP@0.5 of 84.7% on the validation dataset using our own training dataset of MW images. To explore its potential role in autonomous system applications, we compare night sky imagery and GPS heading data from a field trial in rural South Australia. The comparison results show that for short-term navigation, the segmented MW image can be used as a reliable orientation cue. There is a difference of roughly 5-10° between the proposed method and GT as the path involves left or right 90° turns at certain locations.","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antagonistic Feedback Control of Muscle Length Changes for Efficient Involuntary Posture Stabilization. 肌肉长度变化的拮抗反馈控制，实现高效的非自主姿势稳定。

IF 3.4 3区医学

Biomimetics Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9100618

Masami Iwamoto, Noritoshi Atsumi, Daichi Kato

{"title":"Antagonistic Feedback Control of Muscle Length Changes for Efficient Involuntary Posture Stabilization.","authors":"Masami Iwamoto, Noritoshi Atsumi, Daichi Kato","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics9100618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9100618","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneous and cooperative muscle activation results in involuntary posture stabilization in vertebrates. However, the mechanism through which more muscles than joints contribute to this stabilization remains unclear. We developed a computational human body model with 949 muscle action lines and 22 joints and examined muscle activation patterns for stabilizing right upper or lower extremity motions at a neutral body posture (NBP) under gravity using actor-critic reinforcement learning (ACRL). Two feedback control models (FCM), muscle length change (FCM-ML) and joint angle differences, were applied to ACRL with a normalized Gaussian network (ACRL-NGN) or deep deterministic policy gradient. Our findings indicate that among the six control methods, ACRL-NGN with FCM-ML, utilizing solely antagonistic feedback control of muscle length change without relying on synergy pattern control or categorizing muscles as flexors, extensors, agonists, or synergists, achieved the most efficient involuntary NBP stabilization. This finding suggests that vertebrate muscles are fundamentally controlled without categorization of muscles for targeted joint motion and are involuntarily controlled to achieve the NBP, which is the most comfortable posture under gravity. Thus, ACRL-NGN with FCM-ML is suitable for controlling humanoid muscles and enables the development of a comfortable seat design.","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"9 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11506834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0