Biomimetics最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Highly Purified Sericin and Waste-Derived Sericin: Implications for Biomedical Applications.","authors":"Federica Paladini, Fabiana D'Urso, Angelica Panico, Carmen Lanzillotti, Francesco Broccolo, Mauro Pollini","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060387","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sericin, a natural glycoprotein constituting 20-30% of the silk cocoon, has emerged as a promising biomaterial due to its excellent biological properties, including biocompatibility, antioxidant properties and potential applications in regenerative medicine. The quality and the features of sericin are strongly dependent on the extraction and purification methods, which can employ mild conditions to preserve the molecular integrity of the protein or recovery techniques from waste streams produced during the industrial degumming processes. The silk industry prioritizes fiber yield over protein preservation, so often harsh alkaline conditions at high temperatures are adopted. These divergent approaches result in fundamentally different products with distinct molecular characteristics and functional capabilities. This review comprehensively examines the current technological approaches for sericin extraction techniques and for its recovery from textile industry waste, focusing on how these aspects affect the biological properties of the protein and the potential applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a Mathematical Model of the Irregular Plantar and Complex Morphology of Mallard Foot and the Bionic Design of a High-Traction Wheel Grouser.","authors":"Jinrui Hu, Dianlei Han, Changwei Li, Hairui Liu, Lizhi Ren, Hao Pang","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060390","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060390","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To improve the traction performance of mobile mechanisms on soft ground, such as paddy fields, tidal flats, and swamps, a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) foot was adopted as a bionic prototype to explore the influence and contribution of the plantar morphology of the toes and webbing on the anti-subsidence function during its locomotion on wet and soft substrates and to apply this to the bionic design of high-traction wheel grousers. A handheld three-dimensional laser scanner was used to scan the main locomotion postures of a mallard foot during ground contact, and the Geomagic Studio software was utilized to repair the scanned model. As a result, the main three-dimensional geometric models of a mallard foot during the process of touching the ground were obtained. The plantar morphology of a mallard foot was divided into three typical parts: the plantar irregular edge curve, the lateral webbing surface, and the medial webbing surface. The main morphological feature curves/surfaces were extracted through computer-aided design software for the fitting and construction of a mathematical model to obtain the fitting equations of the three typical parts, and the mathematical model construction of the plantar irregular morphology of the mallard foot was completed. In order to verify the sand-fixing and flow-limiting characteristics of this morphological feature, based on the discrete element method (DEM), the numerical simulation of the interaction between the plantar surface of the mallard foot and sand particles was carried out. The simulation results show that during the process of the mallard foot penetration into the loose medium, the lateral and medial webbing surfaces cause the particles under the foot to mainly move downward, effectively preventing the particles from spreading around and significantly enhancing the solidification effect of the particles under the sole. Based on the principle and technology of engineering bionics, the plantar morphology and movement attitude characteristics of the mallard were extracted, and the characteristics of concave middle and edge bulge were applied to the wheel grouser design of paddy field wheels. Two types of bionic wheel grousers with different curved surfaces were designed and compared with the traditional wheel grousers of the paddy field wheel. Through pressure-bearing simulation and experiments, the resistance of different wheel grousers during the process of penetrating into sand particles was compared, and the macro-micro behaviors of particle disturbance during the pressure-bearing process were analyzed. The results show that a bionic wheel grouser with unique curved surfaces can well encapsulate sand particles at the bottom of the wheel grouser, and it also has a greater penetration resistance, which plays a crucial role in improving the traction performance of the paddy field wheel and reducing the disturbance to the surrounding sand particles. This paper realizes the transformation from th","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guided Bone Regeneration Using a Modified Occlusive Barrier with a Window: A Case Report.","authors":"Luis Leiva-Gea, Alfonso Lendínez-Jurado, Paulino Sánchez-Palomino, Bendición Delgado-Ramos, María Daniela Corte-Torres, Isabel Leiva-Gea, Antonio Leiva-Gea","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060386","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bone resorption following tooth loss poses significant challenges for dental implant success. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) techniques, particularly in vertically deficient ridges, often require complex procedures and soft tissue management. This case report introduces a modified occlusive barrier with a window, combined with tricalcium phosphate, to address these challenges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 26-year-old female with significant bone loss in the mandibular anterior region underwent GBR using a digitally designed titanium occlusive barrier. The barrier was fabricated using CAD/CAM technology and secured with screws. A blood clot mixed with tricalcium phosphate was used to promote bone regeneration. Postoperative care included regular irrigation, de-epithelialization, and follow-up over six months. Implant placement and histological analysis were performed to evaluate outcomes.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The patient achieved 8.8 mm of vertical and 7.6 mm of horizontal bone regeneration. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of mature, mineralized bone, and keratinized gingiva. The implant was successfully placed, and a fixed prosthesis was restored after four months, with stable results at a three-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This technique demonstrates effective bone and soft tissue regeneration in a single procedure, eliminating the need for autologous bone grafts and secondary surgeries. The use of a digitally designed occlusive barrier offers precision, reduces morbidity, and simplifies the surgical process, suggesting a promising advancement in GBR. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Investigations of Flow over Cambered Deflectors at <i>Re</i> = 1 × 10⁵: A Parametric Study.","authors":"Gang Wang, Zhi Wang, Zhaoqi Jiao, Pihai Gong, Changtao Guan","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060385","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cambered deflectors in aquacultural facilities are applied to enhance hydrodynamic efficiencies or enable flow fields to be fully developed. Given the anticipated improvements with the bio-inspired profiles or tandem configurations, the hydrodynamics of cambered deflectors with the above features are investigated at Re=1×105. The relationship between force coefficients and local flow behaviors for both bionic and non-bionic isolated deflectors, as well as tandem deflectors, is revealed using k-ω SST simulation. The dependencies of force coefficients on gap (<i>G</i>), stagger (<i>S</i>), and inclination angles (θ) in tandem deflectors are illustrated using an updated metamodeling workflow with simulated data. It is demonstrated that the variations of force coefficients over angles of attack are related to flow physics in boundary-layer regions. The non-bionic isolated deflector with the θ=10∘ prevails as the decent performances of CL and γ globally, which is chosen in the following studies. Regarding tandem deflectors, θ plays a more vital role in drag coefficients (CD) and lift coefficients (CL), while the influence of <i>S</i> is not quite considerable compared to <i>G</i>. Aiming for cost minimizations and lift improvements, an optimized tandem case is obtained and justified with the superiorities in flow fields. This study has provided novel insights into the designs and optimizations of cambered deflectors in aquacultural engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm via Angle Penalized Distance for Automatic Train Operation.","authors":"Longda Wang, Yanjie Ju, Long Guo, Gang Liu, Chunlin Li, Yan Chen","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060384","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study proposes a novel effective improved whale optimization algorithm via angle penalized distance (IWOA-APD) for automatic train operation (ATO) to effectively improve the ATO quality. Specifically, aiming at the high-quality target speed curve of urban rail trains, a target speed curve multi-objective optimization model for ATO is established with energy saving, punctuality, accurate stopping, and comfort as the indexes; and the comprehensive evaluation strategy utilizing angle-penalized distance as the evaluation index is proposed to enhance the assessment's rationality and applicability. On this basis, the IWOA-APD is proposed using strategies of non-linear decreasing convergence factor, solutions of out-of-bounds eliminating via combination of reflection and refraction, mechanisms of genetic evolution with variable probability, and elite maintenance based on fusion distance and crowding degree distance. In addition, the detailed design scheme of IWOA-APD is given. The test results show that the proposed IWOA-APD achieves significant performance improvements compared to traditional MOWOA. In the optimization scenario from Lvshun New Port Station to Tieshan Town Station of Dalian urban rail transit line No.12, the IGD value shows a remarkable 69.1% reduction, while energy consumption decreases by 12.5%. The system achieves a 64.6% improvement in punctuality and a 76.5% enhancement in parking accuracy. Additionally, comfort level improves by 15.9%.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Stiffness Modeling and Evaluation of an Orthopedic Surgical Robot for Enhanced Cutting Operation Performance.","authors":"Heqiang Tian, Mengke Zhang, Jiezhong Tan, Zhuo Chen, Guangqing Chen","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060383","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents an integrated stiffness modeling and evaluation framework for an orthopedic surgical robot, aiming to enhance cutting accuracy and operational stability. A comprehensive stiffness model is developed, incorporating the stiffness of the end-effector, cutting tool, and force sensor. End-effector stiffness is computed using the virtual joint method based on the Jacobian matrix, enabling accurate analysis of stiffness distribution within the robot's workspace. Joint stiffness is experimentally identified through laser tracker-based displacement measurements under controlled loads and calculated using a least-squares method. The results show displacement errors below 0.3 mm and joint stiffness estimation errors under 1.5%, with values more consistent and stable than those reported for typical surgical robots. Simulation studies reveal spatial variations in operational stiffness, identifying zones of low stiffness and excessive stiffness. Compared to prior studies where stiffness varied over 50%, the proposed model exhibits superior uniformity. Experimental validation confirms model fidelity, with prediction errors generally below 5%. Cutting experiments on porcine femurs demonstrate real-world applicability, achieving average stiffness prediction errors below 3%, and under 1% in key directions. The model supports stiffness-aware trajectory planning and control, reducing cutting deviation by up to 10% and improving workspace stiffness stability by 30%. This research offers a validated, high-accuracy approach to stiffness modeling for surgical robots, bridging the gap between simulation and clinical application, and providing a foundation for safer, more precise robotic orthopedic procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Legged Robot Locomotion Through Smooth Transitions Using Spiking Central Pattern Generators.","authors":"Horacio Rostro-Gonzalez, Erick I Guerra-Hernandez, Patricia Batres-Mendoza, Andres A Garcia-Granada, Miroslava Cano-Lara, Andres Espinal","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060381","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, we propose the integration of a mechanism to enable smooth transitions between different locomotion patterns in a hexapod robot. Specifically, we utilize a spiking neural network (SNN) functioning as a Central Pattern Generator (CPG) to generate three distinct locomotion patterns, or gaits: walk, jog, and run. This network produces coordinated spike trains, mimicking those generated in the brain, which are translated into synchronized robot movements via PWM signals. Subsequently, these spike trains are compared using a similarity metric known as SPIKE-synchronization to identify the optimal point for transitioning from one gait to another. This approach aims to achieve three main objectives: first, to maintain the robot's balance during transitions; second, to ensure that gait transitions are almost imperceptible; and third, to improve energy efficiency by reducing abrupt changes in the robot's actuators (servomotors). To validate our proposal, we incorporated FSR sensors on the robot's legs to detect the rigidity of the terrain it navigates. Based on the terrain's rigidity, the robot dynamically transitions between gaits. The system was tested in real time on a physical hexapod robot across four different types of terrain. Although the method was validated exclusively on a hexapod robot, it can be extended to any legged robot.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three Strategies Enhance the Bionic Coati Optimization Algorithm for Global Optimization and Feature Selection Problems.","authors":"Qingzheng Cao, Shuqi Yuan, Yi Fang","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060380","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the advancement of industrial digitization, utilizing large datasets for model training to boost performance is a pivotal technical approach for industry progress. However, raw training datasets often contain abundant redundant features, which increase model training's computational cost and impair generalization ability. To tackle this, this study proposes the bionic ABCCOA algorithm, an enhanced version of the bionic Coati Optimization Algorithm (COA), to improve redundant feature elimination in datasets. To address the bionic COA's inadequate global search performance in feature selection (FS) problems, leading to lower classification accuracy, an adaptive search strategy is introduced. This strategy combines individual learning capability and the learnability of disparities, enhancing global exploration. For the imbalance between the exploration and exploitation phases in the bionic COA algorithm when solving FS problems, which often traps it in suboptimal feature subsets, a balancing factor is proposed. By integrating phase control and dynamic adjustability, a good balance between the two phases is achieved, reducing the likelihood of getting stuck in suboptimal subsets. Additionally, to counter the bionic COA's insufficient local exploitation performance in FS problems, increasing classification error rates, a centroid guidance strategy is presented. By combining population centroid guidance and fractional-order historical memory, the algorithm lowers the classification error rate of feature subsets and speeds up convergence. The bionic ABCCOA algorithm was tested on the CEC2020 test functions and engineering problem, achieving an over 90% optimization success rate and faster convergence, confirming its efficiency. Applied to 27 FS problems, it outperformed comparative algorithms in best, average, and worst fitness function values, classification accuracy, feature subset size, and running time, proving it an efficient and robust FS algorithm.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Surfactant on Bubble Formation on Superhydrophobic Surface in Quasi-Static Regime.","authors":"Hangjian Ling, John Ready, Daniel O'Coin","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060382","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We experimentally studied the effect of a surfactant on bubble formation on a superhydrophobic surface (SHS). The bubble was created by injecting gas through an orifice on the SHS at a constant flow rate in the quasi-static regime. The surfactant, 1-pentanol, was mixed with water at concentration <i>C</i> ranging from 0 to 0.08 mol/L, corresponding to surface tension <i>σ</i> ranging from 72 to 43 mN/m. We found that as <i>C</i> increased, the bubble detachment volume (<i>V</i>_d) and maximum bubble base radius (<i>R</i>_d^max) decreased. For a low surfactant concentration, the static contact angle <i>θ</i>₀ remained nearly constant, and <i>V</i>_d and <i>R</i>_d^max decreased due to lower surface tensions, following the scaling laws <i>R</i>_d^max~<i>σ</i>^1/2 and <i>V</i>_d~<i>σ</i>^3/2. The bubble shapes at different concentrations were self-similar. The bubble height, bubble base radius, radius at the bubble apex, and neck radius all scaled with the capillary length. For high surfactant concentrations, however, <i>θ</i>₀ was greatly reduced, and <i>V</i>_d and <i>R</i>_d^max decreased due to the combined effects of reduced <i>θ</i>₀ and smaller <i>σ</i>. Lastly, we found that the surfactant had a negligible impact on the forces acting on the bubble, except for reducing their magnitudes, and had little effect on the dynamics of bubble pinch-off, except for reducing the time and length scales. Overall, our results provide a better understanding of bubble formation on complex surfaces in complex liquids.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithm: Grizzly Bear Fat Increase Optimizer.","authors":"Moslem Dehghani, Mokhtar Aly, Jose Rodriguez, Ehsan Sheybani, Giti Javidi","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060379","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper introduces a novel nature-inspired optimization algorithm called the Grizzly Bear Fat Increase Optimizer (GBFIO). The GBFIO algorithm mimics the natural behavior of grizzly bears as they accumulate body fat in preparation for winter, drawing on their strategies of hunting, fishing, and eating grass, honey, etc. Hence, three mathematical steps are modeled and considered in the GBFIO algorithm to solve the optimization problem: (1) finding food sources (e.g., vegetables, fruits, honey, oysters), based on past experiences and olfactory cues; (2) hunting animals and protecting offspring from predators; and (3) fishing. Thirty-one standard benchmark functions and thirty CEC2017 test benchmark functions are applied to evaluate the performance of the GBFIO, such as unimodal, multimodal of high dimensional, fixed dimensional multimodal, and also the rotated and shifted benchmark functions. In addition, four constrained engineering design problems such as tension/compression spring design, welded beam design, pressure vessel design, and speed reducer design problems have been considered to show the efficiency of the proposed GBFIO algorithm in solving constrained problems. The GBFIO can successfully solve diverse kinds of optimization problems, as shown in the results of optimization of objective functions, especially in high dimension objective functions in comparison to other algorithms. Additionally, the performance of the GBFIO algorithm has been compared with the ability and efficiency of other popular optimization algorithms in finding the solutions. In comparison to other optimization algorithms, the GBFIO algorithm offers yields superior or competitive quasi-optimal solutions relative to other well-known optimization algorithms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}