BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-04-21DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10040254
Hang Li, Hao Li, Ying Qin, Yiming Liu
{"title":"Optimization Method of Human Posture Recognition Based on Kinect V2 Sensor.","authors":"Hang Li, Hao Li, Ying Qin, Yiming Liu","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10040254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10040254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human action recognition aims to understand human behavior and is crucial in enhancing the intelligence and naturalness of human-computer interaction and bionic robots. This paper proposes a method to improve the complexity and real-time performance of action recognition by combining the Kinect sensor with the OpenPose algorithm, the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm, and the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm. First, the Kinect V2 depth sensor is used to capture color images, depth images, and 3D skeletal point information from the human body. Next, the color image is processed using OpenPose to extract 2D skeletal point information, which is then mapped to the depth image to obtain 3D skeletal point information. Subsequently, the LM algorithm is employed to fuse the 3D skeletal point sequences with the sequences obtained from Kinect, generating stable 3D skeletal point sequences. Finally, the DTW algorithm is utilized to recognize complex movements. Experimental results across various scenes and actions demonstrate that the method is stable and accurate, achieving an average recognition rate of 95.94%. The method effectively addresses issues, such as jitter and self-occlusion, when Kinect collects skeletal points. The robustness and accuracy of the method make it highly suitable for application in robot interaction systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-04-20DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10040252
Noriko Ishida, Mitsuharu Matsumoto
{"title":"A Bagworm-Inspired Robot That Acquires Its Exterior from External Environments.","authors":"Noriko Ishida, Mitsuharu Matsumoto","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10040252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10040252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this research, we propose a bagworm-inspired robot that can acquire its exterior by incorporating various objects from the surrounding environment into its skin. This study was inspired by the bagworm, the larva of the giant bagworm moth, which wraps itself around straw and other materials to use as a nest. When the robot is active outdoors, it is surrounded by natural materials such as sand, fallen leaves, and pieces of wood, and can change its skin by attaching or detaching these materials as needed. In the previous study, the authors developed a camouflage robot that assimilates with the outside world by incorporating natural environmental sand. In this study, by using a water-soluble adhesive as the adhesive material, it is possible to take in a larger number of external substances than before. We also conducted experiments with natural materials, including leaves and pebbles, and confirmed that the robot could pick them up. We expect that by developing these functions, robots will not only have camouflage capabilities but also the ability to reinforce their own skin like bagworms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12024940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10040251
Zhengyu Lu, Xue Wu, Tingting Zhang, Chufei Tang
{"title":"Ultrastructural Changes in Final Instar Larvae of <i>Papilio polytes</i> (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) Lead to Differences in Epidermal Spreading of Water and Adjuvants.","authors":"Zhengyu Lu, Xue Wu, Tingting Zhang, Chufei Tang","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10040251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10040251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Papilio polytes</i> is a cosmopolitan Lepidoptera species of controversial use and management. It remained unclear how its epidermal ultrastructure changes during development and how this affects its wetting properties in relation to water and pesticide adjuvants. In this study, the epidermis of <i>P. polytes</i> was systematically examined at the important feeding stage (from 3rd to 5th instar). Its ultrastructure was quantitatively observed by scanning electron microscopy. Its wetting properties towards the three main types of adjuvants and water were evaluated by contact angle. The chemical functional group differences between different instars and different adjuvant treatments were analyzed by mid-infrared spectroscopy. The correlation between the ultrastructural deformation and variations in wetting properties was verified by simulation tests. It was found that the complication of the epidermal structure was the leading factor for the significant increase in hydrophobicity during development. Cationic adjuvants had the best infiltrating effect on complex epidermal structures and organosilicon adjuvants had the best infiltrating effect on simple epidermal structures. The results provide data for biomimetic design for different wetting properties and suggest the feasibility and advantages of selecting pesticide adjuvants based on developmental changes in the structural characteristics of the insect epidermis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-04-18DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10040250
Sanling Fu, Xiahua Cui, Le Yang, Xinyue Wang, Zhijun Guo, Fu Zhang
{"title":"Research on Adhesion Performance of Track Monomer with Bionic Structure.","authors":"Sanling Fu, Xiahua Cui, Le Yang, Xinyue Wang, Zhijun Guo, Fu Zhang","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10040250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10040250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Goats can walk freely and flexibly in complex environments such as concave and convex or soft ground. And their flexible spine has functions such as adjusting balance and providing auxiliary power during movement, while the limbs only have support functions. The spine has an adjustable and decisive role in the pressure on the sole of the hoof of the goat. Therefore, the goat spine was taken as the bionic prototype, the three-dimensional force distribution of the goat body space was analyzed, and the optimal spinal space curve was explored, combined with the goat gait cycle. Based on the study of spinal curve arrangement and placement, the spinal curve was stretched along the grouser length direction. The soil contact surface structure of the track monomer was constructed based on functional simulation. And the bionic structure of the track monomer with superior adhesion performance was explored. The results of simulation analysis and soil tank test both showed that the attachment performance of bionic structure was better than that of an ordinary structure. It showed that adding bionic curves to the contact surface of the track monomer could significantly improve the adhesion performance, and the bionic structure with a single bionic curve arranged on the complete contact surface of the track monomer had the best adhesion performance. Moreover, the adhesion of the optimal track monomer bionic structure was increased by 19.22 N compared with an ordinary structure in the soil tank test, which verified the superiority of the track monomer bionic structure design. It provides a new method and a new idea for improving the adhesion performance of tracked vehicle in hilly areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-04-18DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10040249
Fırat Oğuz, Sabahattin Bor
{"title":"An Evaluation of the Performance of Low-Cost Resin Printers in Orthodontics.","authors":"Fırat Oğuz, Sabahattin Bor","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10040249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10040249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the trueness and precision of three low-cost 3D printers compared to a professional-grade printer in fabricating orthodontic models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two upper dental models, one crowded and one non-crowded, were designed using Blenderfordental and Autolign. The models were printed with Anycubic M3 Premium, Anycubic Photon D2, Phrozen Sonic Mini 8K, and Ackuretta Sol at 45° and 90° using Elegoo orthodontic and Ackuretta Curo resins. A total of 384 models were produced: 256 crowded (128 at 90° and 128 at 45°) and 128 non-crowded (all at 45°). Chitubox Dental Slicer and ALPHA AI slicer were used for slicing. Post-processing involved cleaning with Ackuretta Cleani and curing in Ackuretta Curie. The models were scanned with Smartoptics Vinyl Open Air. Trueness was assessed using RMS deviation analysis in CloudCompare and linear measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One-way ANOVA showed significant differences in trueness among the printers at 45° (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and 90° (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The Ackuretta Sol (LCD) exhibited the highest trueness, with the lowest mean RMS values at 45° (0.095 ± 0.008 mm) and 90° (0.115 ± 0.010 mm). The Anycubic M3 Premium (LCD) had the lowest trueness, with RMS values at 45° (0.136 ± 0.015 mm) and 90° (0.149 ± 0.012 mm). The 45° build angle resulted in significantly better trueness than 90° (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In linear measurements, deviations exceeding 0.25 mm were observed only in the R1 distance, except for the Ackuretta SOL, which remained below this threshold.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The professional-grade printer demonstrated the best performance overall. Printing at a 45° build angle resulted in improved accuracy. Despite differences among devices, all printers produced results within clinically acceptable limits for orthodontic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10040246
Jingsong Gao, Hongzhe Jin, Liang Gao, Yanhe Zhu, Jie Zhao, Hegao Cai
{"title":"Jump Control Based on Nonlinear Wheel-Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum Model: Validation of a Wheeled-Bipedal Robot with Single-Degree-of-Freedom Legs.","authors":"Jingsong Gao, Hongzhe Jin, Liang Gao, Yanhe Zhu, Jie Zhao, Hegao Cai","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10040246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10040246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jumping is a fundamental capability for wheeled-bipedal robots (WBRs) navigating unstructured terrains, with jump height and stability serving as indicators of the robot's environmental adaptability. However, existing trajectory planning methods demand high output capacity from the joints and fail to balance computational load with trajectory tracking performance. This limitation hinders most robots from experimental validation. To address these challenges, this study presents an optimized virtual model, trajectory planning strategy, and control method. These solutions enhance both the height and stability of jumps while ensuring real-time execution on physical robots. Firstly, inspired by the human jumping mechanism, a Nonlinear Wheel-Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum (NW-SLIP) model was originally proposed as the virtual model for trajectory planning. The jump height is increased by 3.4 times compared to the linear spring model. Then, cost functions are established based on this virtual model, and the trajectory for each stage is iteratively optimized using Quadratic Programming (QP) and a bisection method. This leads to a 21.5% increase in the maximum jump height while reducing the peak joint torque by 14% at the same height. This significantly eases execution and enhances the robot's trajectory-tracking ability. Subsequently, a leg statics model is introduced alongside the kinematics model to map the relationship between the virtual model and joint space. This approach improves trajectory tracking performance while circumventing the intricate calculation of the dynamics model, thereby enhancing jump consistency and stability. Finally, the proposed trajectory planning and jump control method is validated through both simulations and real-world experiments, demonstrating its feasibility and effectiveness in practical robotic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12024883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10040248
Tao Sun, Zhijun Yan, Lixia Xue, Yuanyuan Jiang, Shibo Wu
{"title":"Effect of Biomimetic Fish Scale Texture on Reciprocating Friction Pairs on Interfacial Lubricating Oil Transport.","authors":"Tao Sun, Zhijun Yan, Lixia Xue, Yuanyuan Jiang, Shibo Wu","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10040248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10040248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Focusing on the difficulty of lubrication in the scavenging port area of a cylinder liner of an actual marine two-stroke diesel engine, the transportation of interface lubricating oil was studied. In this paper, a biomimetic fish scale texture composed of fan-shaped and arc-shaped curves is designed, and the numerical simulation model is established according to this texture. Through simulation research, the variation rules of pressure distribution, interfacial velocity, and outlet volume flow rate on the biomimetic fish scale texture surface at different velocities and temperatures are obtained. Moreover, the biomimetic fish scale texture is machined on the surface of a reciprocating friction pair by laser etching, and the oil transport speed of the interface is tested under different conditions. The results show that the existence of the biomimetic fish scale texture on the friction pair can effectively improve the pressure difference between interfaces during reciprocating motion. The pressure difference enhances the flow properties of interfacial lubricating oil, thereby improving its mass transport capacity. In addition, increasing the movement speed and oil temperature can increase the oil transport speed of interfacial lubricating oil. The results of the experiment suggest that, under continuous and discontinuous interface conditions, compared with a friction pair without texture, the improvement rate of the lubricating oil transport speed at the interface of the friction pair with the biomimetic fish scale texture can reach 40.7% and 69.1%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12024596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10040245
Hamideh Manafi, Farnaz Mahan, Habib Izadkhah
{"title":"An Unsupervised Fusion Strategy for Anomaly Detection via Chebyshev Graph Convolution and a Modified Adversarial Network.","authors":"Hamideh Manafi, Farnaz Mahan, Habib Izadkhah","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10040245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10040245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anomalies refer to data inconsistent with the overall trend of the dataset and may indicate an error or an unusual event. Time series prediction can detect anomalies that happen unexpectedly in critical situations during the usage of a system or a network. Detecting or predicting anomalies in the traditional way is time-consuming and error-prone. Accordingly, the automatic recognition of anomalies is applicable to reduce the cost of defects and will pave the way for companies to optimize their performance. This unsupervised technique is an efficient way of detecting abnormal samples during the fluctuations of time series. In this paper, an unsupervised deep network is proposed to predict temporal information. The correlations between the neighboring samples are acquired to construct a graph of neighboring fluctuations. The extricated features related to the temporal distribution of the time samples in the constructed graph representation are used to impose the Chebyshev graph convolution layers. The output is used to train an adversarial network for anomaly detection. A modification is performed for the generative adversarial network's cost function to perfectly match our purpose. Thus, the proposed method is based on combining generative adversarial networks (GANs) and a Chebyshev graph, which has shown good results in various domains. Accordingly, the performance of the proposed fusion approach of a Chebyshev graph-based modified adversarial network (Cheb-MA) is evaluated on the Numenta dataset. The proposed model was evaluated based on various evaluation indices, including the average F1-score, and was able to reach a value of 82.09%, which is very promising compared to recent research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12024957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Establishing a Xanthan Gum-Locust Bean Gum Mucus Mimic for Cystic Fibrosis Models: Yield Stress and Viscoelasticity Analysis.","authors":"Rameen Taherzadeh, Nathan Wood, Zhijian Pei, Hongmin Qin","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10040247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10040247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Airway mucus plays a critical role in respiratory health, with diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) being characterized by mucus that exhibits increased viscosity and altered viscoelasticity. In vitro models that emulate these properties are essential for understanding the impact of CF mucus on airway function and for the development of therapeutic strategies. This study characterizes a mucus mimic composed of xanthan gum and locust bean gum, which is designed to exhibit the rheological properties of CF mucus. Mucus concentrations ranging from 0.07% to 0.3% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> were tested to simulate different states of bacterial infection in CF. Key rheological parameters, including yield stress, storage modulus, loss modulus, and viscosity, were measured using an HR2 rheometer with strain sweep, oscillation frequency, and flow ramp tests. The results show that increasing the concentration enhanced the mimic's elasticity and yield stress, with values aligning with those reported for CF mucus in pathological states. These findings provide a quantitative framework for tuning the rheological properties of mucus in vitro, allowing for the simulation of CF mucus across a range of concentrations. This mucus mimic is cost-effective, readily cross-linked, and provides a foundation for future studies examining the mechanobiological effects of mucus yield stress on epithelial cell layers, particularly in the context of bacterial infections and airway disease modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10040244
Yinggao Yue, Li Cao, Changzu Chen, Yaodan Chen, Binhe Chen
{"title":"Snake Optimization Algorithm Augmented by Adaptive <i>t</i>-Distribution Mixed Mutation and Its Application in Energy Storage System Capacity Optimization.","authors":"Yinggao Yue, Li Cao, Changzu Chen, Yaodan Chen, Binhe Chen","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10040244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics10040244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To address the drawbacks of the traditional snake optimization method, such as a random population initialization, slow convergence speed, and low accuracy, an adaptive <i>t</i>-distribution mixed mutation snake optimization strategy is proposed. Initially, Tent-based chaotic mapping and the quasi-reverse learning approach are utilized to enhance the quality of the initial solution and the population initialization process of the original method. During the evolution stage, a novel adaptive <i>t</i>-distribution mixed mutation foraging strategy is introduced to substitute the original foraging stage method. This strategy perturbs and mutates at the optimal solution position to generate new solutions, thereby improving the algorithm's ability to escape local optima. The mating mode in the evolution stage is replaced with an opposite-sex attraction mechanism, providing the algorithm with more opportunities for global exploration and exploitation. The improved snake optimization method accelerates convergence and improves accuracy while balancing the algorithm's local and global exploitation capabilities. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved method outperforms other optimization methods, including the standard snake optimization technique, in terms of solution robustness and accuracy. Additionally, each improvement technique complements and amplifies the effects of the others.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12024807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}