BMC Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of chitosan-thymol nanoparticles for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against catheter-associated uropathogenic Escherichia coli.","authors":"Yasaman Dini, Mohamad Javad Mirzaei-Parsa, Mehrdad Halaji, Farzin Sadeghi, Abazar Pournajaf, Hoda Shirafkan, Mehdi Rajabnia","doi":"10.1186/s12896-026-01147-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12896-026-01147-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and is capable of forming biofilms on inert surfaces, contributing to persistent and recurrent infections. Given the limitations of conventional antibiotics, alternative strategies are needed to control multidrug-resistant (MDR) UPEC. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of thymol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (TLCNPs) against MDR UPEC isolates urinary catheters. TLCNPs were prepared using the ionotropic gelation method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the broth microdilution method. Antibiofilm activity was assessed by the microtiter plate crystal violet assay. The relative expression of fimA and fimH genes was evaluated using real-time PCR. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTT assay on a human bladder carcinoma cell line (EJ138). The results showed that TLCNPs exhibited antibacterial activity against MDR UPEC isolates, with MIC and MBC values of 625 µg/mL. Biofilm formation was reduced by up to 76.2 ± 0.6% at ½ MIC concentration. Although a decrease in the relative expression of fimA and fimH genes was observed following treatment with TLCNPs, these changes were not statistically significant. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that more than 70% of EJ138 cells remained viable after 24 h, and over 50% after 48 h at ½ MIC. Overall, this study evaluated the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and preliminary safety profile of thymol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against MDR UPEC, providing experimental data for their further investigation as a potential adjunct approach for biofilm-associated UTIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8905,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13173837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondria-targeted CORM-401 nanoparticles inhibit A549 cells by triggering cuproptosis.","authors":"Li Shao, Zhicheng Song, Xiaoli Gong, Jianjun Ma, Shujing Ge","doi":"10.1186/s12896-026-01149-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12896-026-01149-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OBJECTIVE: In this study, mitochondrial-targeted nanoparticles containing CORM-401 were designed by using TPP and HA (named as CORM-TPP@HA). The effects of these nanoparticles on cuproptosis in A549 cells were observed to confirm their function. METHODS: First, CORM-TPP micelles were formed by using CORM-401 and TPP-SH. Then, the micelles were encapsulated with HA to form nanoparticles (CORM-TPP@HA). The morphology, size distribution, stability, and release of CO from nanoparticles were analyzed to confirm their characterization. Meanwhile, the cellular uptake of nanoparticles was observed using a confocal microscope. The effects of the nanoparticles on cell viability, mitochondrial ROS, intracellular copper, and cuproptosis-related proteins in A549 cells were measured. Additionally, the impacts of nanoparticles on tumor growth and cuproptosis-related factors in tumor tissue were measured in vivo. RESULTS: The designed nanoparticles maintained stable formation, effectively preventing premature CO release from CORM-401. Furthermore, the nanoparticles were able to be taken up by A549 cells. Moreover, treatment with the designed nanoparticles induced cuproptosis by increasing mitochondrial ROS, intracellular copper, and cuproptosis-related proteins in A549 cells. In line with the in vitro results, treatment with nanoparticles suppressed tumor growth and elevated the cuproptosis-related proteins in tumor tissues. CONCLUSION: The synthesized CORM-TPP@HA nanoparticles suppressed A549 cells via regulating mitochondrial cuproptosis, providing a signaling mechanism of CO in NSCLC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8905,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13162471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Citrus sinensis peel: optimizing volume ratios for enhanced antibacterial and banana preservation activities.","authors":"Alebachew Molla, Hana Bizualem, Enyew Tilahun, Tesfahun Dagnaw, Gedif Meseret, Dawit Leja, Melese Tadese","doi":"10.1186/s12896-026-01145-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12896-026-01145-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using aqueous extract of Citrus sinensis peel. C. sinensis peel is bioactive, phytochemical rich and readily available agro-waste. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of varying the volume ratio of zinc nitrate precursor to peel extract (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) on the physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity, and preservative efficacy of biosynthesized ZnO NPs. Structural analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of crystalline hexagonal wurtzite ZnO NPs across all synthesis ratios. The 2:1 ratio exhibiting superior crystallinity and larger crystallite size (24.2 nm). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra identified zinc-oxygen bonds and confirmed the role of peel-derived biomolecules in NP capping and stabilization. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy revealed strong absorbance peaks at approximately 370 nm, characteristic of ZnO NPs, with the 2:1 sample exhibiting the highest optical absorption. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed morphological transitions from aggregated particles to elongated rod-like structures with increasing zinc nitrate ratio, confirming elemental composition of zinc and oxygen. Antibacterial activity testing using disc diffusion methods against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria revealed concentration-dependent inhibition, with ZnO synthesized at a 2:1 ratio providing the most potent antibacterial activity. Furthermore, chitosan-based nano-coating incorporated with ZnO NPs significantly reduced weight loss in banana fruit preservation trials, indicating enhanced shelf life. The 2:1 ratio coating is showing the best preservation performance. This study underscores the critical role of precursor ratio in tailoring NP size, morphology, crystallinity, and bioactivity. The findings demonstrate that green-synthesized ZnO NPs using C. sinensis peel extract represent promising, sustainable nanomaterials for antibacterial applications and food preservation, with minimized environmental impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":8905,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of horsetail and lavender-derived nanovesicles in wound healing and antioxidant defense.","authors":"Selin Aşık, Aybüke Okay, Başar Karaca, Burak Derkuş, Cemil Can Eylem, Emirhan Nemutlu, Emine Sümer Aras, İlker Büyük","doi":"10.1186/s12896-026-01146-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12896-026-01146-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (pEVs) have emerged as promising natural biomaterials due to their safety profile, high biocompatibility, and rich bioactive cargo. In particular, pEVs have attracted interest because of their roles in intercellular communication. This study aimed to isolate and comprehensively characterize pEVs derived from Equisetum arvense (H-EVs) and Lavandula angustifolia (L-EVs), and to evaluate their morphological features, protein content, and biological functions, with a specific focus on wound healing, senescence, oxidative stress modulation, and antimicrobial activity. RESULTS: H-EVs and L-EVs displayed spherical morphology, high stability, narrow size distribution, and substantial protein content as confirmed by TEM and DLS analyses. In vitro assays in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and keratinocytes (HaCaT) demonstrated that both pEV types were non-cytotoxic and significantly enhanced cellular metabolic activity. Scratch wound assays revealed markedly accelerated wound closure, driven by a combination of cell migration and proliferation. Senescence analyses showed reduced β-galactosidase activity and improved cellular morphology following with pEV treatment. Antioxidant assessments indicated increased total antioxidant capacity, decreased oxidant load, and a reduced oxidative stress index. Gene expression analysis by qPCR confirmed upregulation of COL1A1, COL1A2, and FGF, supporting extracellular matrix production and tissue repair. Additionally, both H-EVs and L-EVs exhibited notable antibacterial and antifungal activities. CONCLUSIONS: H-EVs and L-EVs effectively alleviate oxidative stress and cellular senescence while promoting wound healing through enhanced collagen synthesis, cell migration, and proliferation. Their non-cytotoxic nature, combined with antioxidant, anti-senescent, and antimicrobial properties, underscores their versatility and therapeutic potential. These findings highlight that pEVs as safe and effective biotherapeutic candidates, supporting their future clinical translation in dermatology and regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8905,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13292517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of nitrogen removal and microbial communities in biofloc systems via carbon-to-nitrogen ratio regulation and Candida utilis.","authors":"Kangtao Cai, Chenxi Lu, Zhengfen Wu, Jinchao Tan, Huayou Chen, Ping Wu, Zhongjian Guo, Yong Feng","doi":"10.1186/s12896-026-01133-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12896-026-01133-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofloc-based systems provide a sustainable strategy for nitrogen management in intensive aquaculture, but their efficiency depends strongly on carbon availability and microbial community regulation. In this study, we evaluated the combined effects of carbon-to-nitrogen (C: N) ratio regulation and Candida utilis supplementation on nitrogen removal and microbial community dynamics in a biofloc-based Chinese soft-shelled turtle culture system. Three C: N ratios (10, 15, and 20) were established using glucose as the carbon source, with or without C. utilis addition. Water quality parameters, feed conversion ratio (FCR), bacterial community composition (16 S rRNA sequencing), and antagonistic activity against Aeromonas hydrophila were analyzed. Increasing the C: N ratio significantly enhanced ammonia nitrogen removal through stimulated heterotrophic assimilation. Supplementation with C. utilis further reduced inorganic nitrogen concentrations across all C: N conditions and improved feed utilization efficiency. Microbial community analyses showed increased bacterial richness and diversity, accompanied by significant shifts in community composition. Notably, opportunistic pathogens such as Aeromonas were markedly suppressed in yeast-supplemented treatments. Co-culture experiments further demonstrated that live C. utilis inhibited A. hydrophila, suggesting a metabolism-dependent antagonistic mechanism. These findings indicate that integrating C: N regulation with C. utilis supplementation can enhance nitrogen transformation efficiency and microbial stability in biofloc systems, providing a promising strategy for sustainable aquaculture management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8905,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13238137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147571873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated whole-genome resequencing and mRNA-miRNA analysis reveals selection signals and regulatory networks of antipyretic effect variation in Morus alba var. multicaulis.","authors":"Liang Wang, Yuqing Tian, Dongxiao Zhao, Xinqin Shi, Wei Guo","doi":"10.1186/s12896-026-01143-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12896-026-01143-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Lusang (Morus alba var. multicaulis) represents both the inception and paradigm of artificial cultivation and breeding of mulberry (Morus spp.) in China, marking the onset of mulberry domestication. However, the genetic structure underlying this domestication process remains poorly understood, and no reports to date have described the selection signals and their candidate genes, or mRNA–miRNA regulatory networks associated with the pharmacological traits of Lusang. RESULTS: In this study, we performed whole-genome resequencing and integrated mRNA–miRNA analyses to investigate the population structure, genetic diversity, and selection signals of Lusang. Principal component analysis, phylogenetic reconstruction, and population structure analysis yielded congruent results, consistently grouping into three distinct clades. Notably, this classification aligned with previous grouping based on antipyretic activity and metabolite clustering, jointly supporting the notion that the medicinal varieties of mulberry leaves (the leaves of Morus alba) can be categorized according to genetic divergence. Integrated correlation analysis revealed overall correlations among genomic, metabolomic, and efficacy datasets. Furthermore, we identified several miRNA–gene regulatory axes (miR167c‑ACT, miR159c‑F3H/FLS, and miR828a‑UGT76B1) that are potentially involved in regulating the differential accumulation of key antipyretic compounds such as cryptochlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, and astragalin. These regulatory relationships may contribute to the observed variation in antipyretic efficacy among cultivars. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our findings suggested that divergence in the accumulation of key antipyretic compounds was likely driven by genetic variation at the regulatory level, including selection signals in non-coding regions and their consequent effects on gene expression and miRNA-mediated networks. This study provides molecular insights into the pharmacological variation of Lusang from an integrated genotype–metabolite–pharmacological effect perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":8905,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147526093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of computationally designed skeletal and cardiac promoters with high specificity across AAV delivery routes.","authors":"Nicole Zielinska, Erin L Howard, Brenna A Y Stevens, Melanie M Goens, Cici Yang, Elena S B Campbell, Madison E Hughes, Yanlong Pei, Dinghai Zheng, D Benjamin Gordon, Alec A K Nielsen, Raja R Srinivas, Jeff L Caswell, Luis G Arroyo, Sarah K Wootton","doi":"10.1186/s12896-026-01141-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12896-026-01141-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Precise control of transgene expression is essential for safe and effective AAV gene therapies. While capsid engineering has advanced tissue targeting, progress in developing regulatory elements that confine expression to specific tissues has lagged. This gap limits the ability to minimize off-target expression and associated safety risks, emphasizing the need for improved tissue-specific regulatory control. RESULTS: Here, we evaluated 12 computationally designed tissue-specific promoters generated by Asimov’s proprietary algorithm. Promoters driving a heat-stable human placental alkaline phosphatase reporter gene were packaged into AAV6·2FF and administered to C57BL/6 mice intranasally, intramuscularly, and intraperitoneally. Expression was assessed macroscopically, microscopically, enzymatically and by vector genome quantification. We identified two strictly skeletal muscle-specific promoters independent of the AAV capsid or route of administration used, and two cardiac-specific promoters when administered intraperitoneally. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that computational promoter design can yield elements with great strength and precision that enable safer and more targeted AAV gene therapies and offer a broadly applicable strategy for tissue-specific expression in treating various monogenic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8905,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer activity of an apigenin-functionalized silica-coated silver oxide nanocomposite against human gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS): in vitro and in silico analysis.","authors":"Seyed Milad Mousavi Eshkelani, Reyhaneh Kouchakinejad, Sara Dabirian, Parastoo Vakilinezami, Kamyab Shokrani, Hamed Tajmehri, Hossein Zahmatkesh, Mahdi Shahriarinour, Behnam Rasti, Mohammad Nikpassand, Najmeh Ranji","doi":"10.1186/s12896-026-01118-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12896-026-01118-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silver nanoparticles show promise anticancer agents, yet their clinical translation is hindered by poor bioavailability and nonspecific toxicity. In this study, we developed an apigenin-functionalized silica-coated silver oxide nanocomposite (Ag2O@SP@Apigenin) and evaluated its anticancer activity against AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical reduction, followed by silica-coated using 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, and functionalization with apigenin under alkaline conditions. Successful synthesis and surface modification were confirmed by FTIR, FE-SEM, TEM, TGA, and complementary analyses. The nanocomposite exhibited a spherical morphology with an average size of 99.45 nm. Thermal analysis revealed high stability, with only 2.572% weight loss and structural integrity maintained up to 303 °C. MTT assays demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity of Ag2O@SP@Apigenin against AGS gastric cancer cells, with IC50 values of 41.45 µg/mL and 34.41 µg/mL after 24 and 48 h, respectively. In addition, Ag2O@SP@Apigenin exhibited IC50 values of 51.73 µg/mL and 35.29 µg/mL on HT-20 colorectal cancer cells after 24 and 48 h, respectively. Similarly, the IC50 values were 38.84 µg/mL and 16.733 µg/mL against U87 glioblastoma cancer cell after 24 and 48 h, respectively. In contrast, both apigenin powder and Ag2O@SP nanocomposites reduced cancer cell viability to a significantly greater extent than did the Ag2O@SP@Apigenin composite. Wound-healing assays indicated that Ag2O@SP@Apigenin inhibited AGS cell migration by 42.99%±17.38% after 24 h. Q-RT-PCR analysis revealed downregulation of miR-181a (0.36 ± 0.03 fold), along with upregulation of its potential targets, including the apoptotic genes APAF1 (2.15 ± 0.09 fold), P53 (1.71 ± 0.04 fold), and CASP9 (1.55 ± 0.23 fold), in treated AGS cells. Additionally, downregulation of tumor-suppressive miR-34a was observed, accompanied by downregulation of its target genes involved in cell migration including MMP9 (0.16 ± 0.04 fold), CTNNB1 (0.27 ± 0.08 fold), and EGFR (0.08 ± 0.01 fold) genes was observed in AGS treated cells. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking studies predicted that apigenin effectively interacts with the active sites of key proteins involved in cell proliferation and migration (EGFR, β-catenin, APAF1, MMP2, and MMP9), highlighting the important contribution of apigenin to the anticancer potential of Ag2O@SP@Apigenin. Collectively, these results indicate that apigenin functionalization combined with a protective silica coating yields a silver-based nanocomposite with improved physicochemical stability and multi-target anticancer effects in vitro. The findings are limited to in vitro and computational analyses. This integrated mechanism supports further investigation of the nanocomposite as a potential therapeutic for gastric cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8905,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic engineering of Escherichia coli for biosynthesis of 3-hydroxypropionic acid from glucose and malonate.","authors":"Yingying Wang, Meihui Cao, Mei Hu, Hengrui Xu, Yafei Du, Changxing Sun, Lingfei Kong, Yu Luo, Xiaoyu Liu, Jianming Yang, Bo Liang","doi":"10.1186/s12896-026-01140-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12896-026-01140-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a promising C3 platform chemical with wide industrial applications. However, its microbial production remains limited by insufficient intracellular malonyl-CoA availability and metabolic imbalance.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>In this study, we systematically engineered Escherichia coli for enhanced 3-HP biosynthesis. The malonate assimilation genes (matB, smatPQM) and 3-HP biosynthesis gene (mcr) were chromosomally integrated using CRISPR/Cas9, resulting in a plasmid-free, antibiotic-free strain (WYY04) that produced 21.97 mM 3-HP, 0.51-fold higher than the plasmid-based system. Further improvement was achieved by CRISPRi-mediated repression of fatty acid biosynthesis genes (fabD, fabF), increasing 3-HP titer by 66%. Introduction of a malonyl-CoA-responsive FapR/fapO biosensor enabled dynamic regulation of mcr expression, enhancing 3-HP production by 59%. Through all these above engineering, the 3-HP production of the strain WYY19 increased by 2.29 times compared to that of the plasmid-expressing system. Under optimized fermentation conditions, the final engineered strain WYY19 produced 42.22 g/L 3-HP with the specific productivity of 0.69 g/g and 0.46 g/L/h from glucose and malonate in fed-batch bioreactor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates a robust, genetically stable, and scalable microbial platform for 3-HP biosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8905,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13134296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phyto mediated synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles with Zingiber officinale: comprehensive bioactivity assessment against bacterial pathogens, cancer, and viruses.","authors":"Mohamed K Y Soliman, Mai M El-Ashmony, Hager A Bendary, Fatma Rasslan, Salem S Salem","doi":"10.1186/s12896-026-01124-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12896-026-01124-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work investigated the capacity of Zingiber officinale extract to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles. Z. officinale extract is rich in diverse phytochemical constituents, as confirmed by GC–MS analysis. The synthesized CuO NPs were characterized using TEM, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX analyses. CuO NPs exhibited antibacterial efficacy against various bacterial strains. The DPPH methodology was employed to evaluate the free radical scavenging capacity, yielding an IC₅₀ value of 244.5 µg/mL. The CuO NPs exhibited pronounced antibiofilm activity at 100 µg/mL, reducing biofilm formation by S. aureus (MRSA) and E. coli by 70.93% and 67.3%, respectively. In addition, they demonstrated substantial antidiabetic potential, inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase by up to 90% and 84% at 1000 µg/mL, with corresponding IC₅₀ values of 46.42 µg/mL and 38.9 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, CuO NPs exhibited low toxicity toward Vero cells, with an IC₅₀ of 261 µg/mL and showed potential anticancer activity against the carcinoma cell lines CaCo2 and McF7, with IC₅₀ values of 84.4 and 168 µg/mL, respectively. At 125 µg/mL, CuO NPs inhibited HAV and HSV-1 by 37% and 41.1%, respectively. These multifaceted bioactivities highlight the potential of Z. officinale–mediated CuO NPs as promising candidates for therapeutic and biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8905,"journal":{"name":"BMC Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13063916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147493619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}