Bioengineering最新文献

{"title":"A Muscle-Driven Spine Model for Predictive Simulations in the Design of Spinal Implants and Lumbar Orthoses.","authors":"Robin Remus, Andreas Lipphaus, Marisa Ritter, Marc Neumann, Beate Bender","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030263","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowledge of realistic loads is crucial in the engineering design process of medical devices and for assessing their interaction with the spinal system. Depending on the type of modeling, current numerical spine models generally either neglect the active musculature or oversimplify the passive structural function of the spine. However, the internal loading conditions of the spine are complex and greatly influenced by muscle forces. It is often unclear whether the assumptions made provide realistic results. To improve the prediction of realistic loading conditions in both conservative and surgical treatments, we modified a previously validated forward dynamic musculoskeletal model of the intact lumbosacral spine with a muscle-driven approach in three scenarios. These exploratory treatment scenarios included an extensible lumbar orthosis and spinal instrumentations. The latter comprised bisegmental internal spinal fixation, as well as monosegmental lumbar fusion using an expandable interbody cage with supplementary posterior fixation. The biomechanical model responses, including internal loads on spinal instrumentation, influences on adjacent segments, and effects on abdominal soft tissue, correlated closely with available in vivo data. The muscle forces contributing to spinal movement and stabilization were also reliably predicted. This new type of modeling enables the biomechanical study of the interactions between active and passive spinal structures and technical systems. It is, therefore, preferable in the design of medical devices and for more realistically assessing treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of the Atomization Process in Respimat^® Soft Mist^TM Inhalers Using a Volume of Fluid-to-Discrete Phase Model.","authors":"Ted Sperry, Yu Feng","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030264","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the atomization process in Respimat^® Soft Mist^TM Inhalers (SMIs) using a validated Volume of Fluid (VOF)-to-Discrete Phase Model (DPM) to simulate the transition from colliding liquid jets to aerosolized droplets. Key parameters, including colliding jet inlet velocity, surface tension, and liquid viscosity, were systematically varied to analyze their impact on the atomization, i.e., aerosolized droplet size distributions. The VOF-to-DPM simulation results indicate that higher jet inlet velocities enhance ligament fragmentation, producing finer and more uniform droplets while reducing total atomized droplet mass. The relationship between surface tension and atomization performance in colliding jet atomization is not monotonic. Reducing surface tension plays a complex dual role in the atomization process. On the one hand, lower surface tension enhances the likelihood of liquid jet breakup into a liquid sheet, leading to the formation of smaller ligaments under the same airflow conditions and shear forces. This increases the probability of generating more secondary droplets. On the other hand, reduced surface tension also destabilizes the liquid surface shape, decreasing the formation of fine, high-sphericity droplets in regimes where surface tension is a dominant force. Viscosity also influences atomization through complex mechanisms, i.e., lower viscosity reduces resistance to ligament breakup but promotes droplet interactions and coalescence, while higher viscosity suppresses ligament fragmentation, generating larger droplets and reducing atomization efficiency. The validated VOF-to-DPM framework provides critical insights for enhancing the performance and efficiency of inhalation therapies. Future work will incorporate nozzle geometry, jet impingement angles, and surfactant effects to better understand and optimize the atomization process in SMIs, focusing on achieving preferred droplet size distributions and emitted doses for enhanced drug delivery efficiency in human respiratory systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrections of Dental Anomalies in the Maxillary Incisors and Their Influence on Perceived Smile Esthetics: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Nessa Rose McGarty, Caterina Delre, Carlo Gaeta, Tiziana Doldo","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030262","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dental anomalies present a significant challenge to clinicians due to their impact on both dental function and esthetics. The correction of these anomalies plays a critical role in improving the quality of life of our patients, highlighting the importance of this restorative work.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the techniques used to restore various dental anomalies, and their subsequent esthetic impact on the overall dentition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Inclusion criteria consisted of restorative rehabilitations of the permanent dentition in non-syndromic patients with dental anomalies of morphology, structure, size, and number in the maxillary incisors. Exclusion criteria included surgical rehabilitation techniques, endodontic treatments, and anomalies of the primary dentition. The medical literature was systematically searched (Pubmed, PMC, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical trials, Scopus and Google Scholar) to identify all relevant articles reporting data regarding the chosen anomalies. ROBINS-I was used to assess the risk of bias tool, and the results were tabulate due to data heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1821 analyzed articles, 46 articles met the inclusion criteria, and were chosen to go through the final review procedure. Of the selected articles, 3 investigated amelogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenesis imperfecta, 1 analyzed conoid teeth, 1 considered hypodontia (other than MLIA), 3 concerned microdontia (excluding peg laterals and conoid teeth), 10 evaluated peg-shaped laterals, 2 investigated talon cusps and geminated teeth, 15 were regarding maxillary lateral incisor agenesis, and 11 papers were related to the perception of anomalies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pre-visualization using Digital Smile Design, a treatment plan encompassing minimally invasive restorations, and using a multidisciplinary approach among practitioners helps the anomalous patient achieve the best possible esthetic result.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six-Month Patency of Long Carotid Bypass Grafts Constructed with In-Body Tissue Architecture-Induced Small-Diameter Biotubes in a Goat Model.","authors":"Kazuki Mori, Tadashi Umeno, Takayuki Kawashima, Takashi Shuto, Ryosuke Iwai, Lupeng Teng, Tsutomu Tajikawa, Yasuhide Nakayama, Shinji Miyamoto","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030260","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the long-term patency of regenerative Biotube grafts and discusses their feasibility as an alternative to autologous vein grafts for peripheral artery disease. Six Biotubes with a diameter of 4 mm were autologously fabricated in recipients using in vivo tissue engineering (in-body tissue architecture) technology and implanted as carotid artery bypass grafts in a goat model. All six grafts remained patent at 6 months despite exceeding 10 cm in length, demonstrating their biocompatibility and durability. Histological analysis revealed neointima formation, endothelialization, and minimal inflammation. However, in one goat, a graft developed stenosis, while another showed dilatation. These findings demonstrate the use of Biotubes as a viable option for peripheral vascular reconstruction as tissue-engineered vascular grafts. However, further optimization is needed to address emerging issues with their use, such as stenosis and aneurysm formation, to improve long-term patency.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Decorin and Aligned Collagen Fibril Topography on TGF-β1 Activation of Corneal Keratocytes.","authors":"Nathaniel S Tjahjono, Divya Subramanian, Tarik Z Shihabeddin, Hudson D Hicks, Victor D Varner, W Matthew Petroll, David W Schmidtke","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030259","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During corneal wound healing, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) causes differentiation of quiescent keratocytes into myofibroblasts. Decorin has been investigated as a promising anti-fibrotic therapeutic for corneal healing due to its interaction with TGF-β1, collagen, and cell surface receptors. In this study, a novel microfluidic method for coating aligned collagen fibrils with decorin was developed to mimic the presence of decorin within the corneal stroma. Decorin was found to bind selectively to collagen and remained bound for at least five days. To investigate the effects of decorin coatings on keratocyte activation, primary rabbit keratocytes were cultured in the presence of TGF-β1 for 5 days on substrates with or without decorin and stained for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The expression of α-SMA was reduced by similar amounts on monomeric collagen (40%), random collagen fibrils (32%), and aligned collagen fibrils (32%) coated with decorin as controls. However, α-SMA expression was differentially expressed between the collagen substrates not coated with decorin, with significantly lower expression on uncoated aligned collagen fibrils compared to uncoated collagen monomers. Addition of decorin directly to culture media, had a limited effect on reducing myofibroblast differentiation. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of topography and ECM composition on keratocyte activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third Body Wear of an All-Polymer, PEEK-OPTIMA™ on Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Total Knee Replacement.","authors":"Raelene M Cowie, Jens Schwiesau, Thomas M Grupp, Adam Briscoe, Louise M Jennings","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030261","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Experimental wear simulation of a PEEK-OPTIMA™ polymer-on-UHMWPE total knee replacement has shown equivalent UHMWPE wear to conventional knee replacement materials (cobalt chrome-on-UHMWPE) when tested in a clean environment. The aim of this study was to experimentally investigate the wear of this all-polymer total knee replacement under third body wear conditions. Three PEEK-OPTIMA™ and three cobalt chrome femoral components articulating against all-polyethylene tibial components were tested in a knee simulator. One million cycles of wear simulation was carried out in clean lubricant under conditions replicating walking followed by one million cycles with the lubricant contaminated with porcine bone particles, then one million cycles with PMMA cement particles. UHMWPE wear was determined gravimetrically. Statistical analysis compared UHMWPE wear against PEEK femoral components to cobalt chrome. In clean lubricant and with bone particles in the lubricant, there was no significant difference (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in UHMWPE wear against the different femoral component materials, and wear rates were similar under both conditions. With PMMA particles, there was a dramatic increase in UHMWPE wear for both knee replacement systems but no significant difference (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in UHMWPE wear between the femoral component materials. This is the first study to investigate wear of an all-polymer knee under third body wear conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Method for Achieving Precision and Reproducibility in a 1.8 GHz Radiofrequency Exposure System That Modulates Intracellular ROS as a Function of Signal Amplitude in Human Cell Cultures.","authors":"Cyril Dahon, Blanche Aguida, Yoann Lebon, Pierre Le Guen, Art Dangremont, Olivier Meyer, Jean-Marie Citerne, Marootpong Pooam, Haider Raad, Thawatchai Thoradit, Nathalie Jourdan, Federico Bertagna, Margaret Ahmad","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030257","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiofrequency fields in the 1-28 GHz range are ubiquitous in the modern world, giving rise to numerous studies of potential health risks such as cancer, neurological conditions, reproductive risks and electromagnetic hypersensitivity. However, results are inconsistent due to a lack of precision in exposure conditions and vastly differing experimental models, whereas measured RF effects are often indirect and occur over many hours or even days. Here, we present a simplified RF exposure protocol providing a single 1.8 GHz carrier frequency to human HEK293 cell monolayer cultures. A custom-built exposure box and antenna maintained in a fully shielded anechoic chamber emits discrete RF signals which can be precisely characterized and modelled. The chosen amplitudes are non-thermal and fall within the range of modern telecommunication devices. A critical feature of the protocol is that cell cultures are exposed to only a single, short (15 min) RF exposure period, followed by detection of immediate, rapid changes in gene expression. In this way, we show that modulation of genes implicated in oxidative stress and ROS signaling is among the earliest cellular responses to RF exposure. Moreover, these genes respond in complex ways to varying RF signal amplitudes consistent with a hormetic, receptor-driven biological mechanism. We conclude that induction of mild cellular stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a primary response of human cells to RF signals, and that these responses occur at RF signal amplitudes within the range of normal telecommunications devices. We suggest that this method may help provide a guideline for greater reliability and reproducibility of research results between labs, and thereby help resolve existing controversy on underlying mechanisms and outcomes of RF exposure in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensity-Based Assessment of Hippocampal Segmentation Algorithms Using Paired Precontrast and Postcontrast MRI.","authors":"Justin Cramer, Leslie Baxter, Harrison Lang, Jonathon Parker, Alicia Chen, Nicholas Matthees, Ichiro Ikuta, Yalin Wang, Yuxiang Zhou","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030258","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hippocampal segmentation is essential in neuroimaging for evaluating conditions like Alzheimer's dementia and mesial temporal sclerosis, where small volume changes can significantly impact normative percentiles. However, inaccurate segmentation is common due to the inclusion of non-hippocampal structures such as choroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), leading to volumetric overestimation and confounding of functional analyses. Current methods of assessment largely rely on virtual or manual ground truth labels, which can fail to capture these inaccuracies. To address this shortcoming, this study introduces a more direct voxel intensity-based method of segmentation assessment. Using paired precontrast and postcontrast T1-weighted MRIs, hippocampal segmentations were refined by adding marginal gray matter and removing marginal CSF and enhancement to determine a total required correction volume. Six segmentation algorithms-e2dhipseg, HippMapp3r, hippodeep, AssemblyNet, FastSurfer, and QuickNat-were implemented and compared. HippMapp3r and e2dhipseg, followed closely by hippodeep, exhibited the least total correction volumes, indicating superior accuracy. Dedicated hippocampal segmentation algorithms outperformed whole-brain methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in Development of Functional Biological and Synthetic Blood Products to Augment Transfusable Blood Supply in Operational Medicine.","authors":"Armando Estrada, Orion Furmanski, George J Klarmann, Nathan Scheidt, Vincent B Ho","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030256","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A reliable, accessible, and high-quality blood supply is critical for the sustainment of any healthcare system. World events such as the COVID-19 pandemic have proven that maintaining the supply of blood presents a logistical challenge. The current blood supply is overseen by extensive donor programs around the world. In the United States, as in other countries, the need for blood has increased, with a decline in blood donations and increasing exclusions for blood donor qualification. While there is a need to improve blood donation participation, there is also need for new alternatives to traditional donation to ensure readiness to treat hemorrhagic shock common in the setting of trauma, as often occurs during a natural disaster or conflict. These operational medicine scenarios require significant blood availability which may tax the current blood supply chain. Aside from a walking blood bank (WBB) model for blood collection in suboptimal conditions, researchers have proposed alternatives for blood that include the manufacturing of blood from stem cell sources. Other alternatives include synthetic liquids that can carry oxygen such as Perfluoro-Chemicals (PFCs) and hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying systems (HBCOs). Here, we review some of these alternatives to the traditional donor blood model. Researchers now have the technology that makes it feasible to develop blood alternatives that one day may supplement and help alleviate the limitations in blood supply.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GCBRGCN: Integration of ceRNA and RGCN to Identify Gastric Cancer Biomarkers.","authors":"Peng Zhi, Yue Liu, Chenghui Zhao, Kunlun He","doi":"10.3390/bioengineering12030255","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bioengineering12030255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignancy, and the discovery of biomarkers plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and prognosis of GC. However, current strategies for identifying GC biomarkers often focus on a single ribonucleic acid (RNA) class, neglecting the potential for multiple RNA types to collectively serve as biomarkers with improved predictive capabilities. To bridge this gap, our study introduces the GC biomarker relation graph convolution neural network (GCBRGCN) model which integrates the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network with GC clinical informations and whole transcriptomics data, leveraging the relational graph convolutional network (RGCN) to predict GC biomarkers. It demonstrates exceptional performance, surpassing traditional machine learning and graph neural network algorithms with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8172 in the task of predicting GC biomarkers. Our study identified three unreported potential novel GC biomarkers: CCNG1, CYP1B1, and CITED2. Moreover, FOXC1 and LINC00324 were characterized as biomarkers with significance in both prognosis and diagnosis. Our work offers a novel framework for GC biomarker identification, highlighting the critical role of multiple types RNA interaction in oncological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8874,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}