Australian Journal of Psychology最新文献

{"title":"The ecological benefits of staying gritty: grit dimensions are associated with pro-environmental passion, awareness, and behaviours","authors":"J. A. Datu, Jet U. Buenconsejo","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1967100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1967100","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectives Prior studies have demonstrated the educational and mental health benefits of grit — disposition to show passion and perseverance for long term goals — in different societies. However, there is limited research on how grit's dimensions relate to pro-environmental outcomes. This study aims to explore the associations of grit's dimensions (i.e., perseverance of effort and consistency of interests) with environmental passion, environmentally friendly behaviors, and environmental awareness via a cross-sectional design. Method A sample of 700 Filipino undergraduate students completed a self-reported survey on grit, environmental awareness, environmental passion, and pro-environmental behaviors. Structural equation modeling via maximum likelihood estimation was used to examine the hypothesized links among grit and pro-environmental outcomes. Results Both dimensions of grit were associated with all pro-environmental outcomes. Whereas consistency was more strongly linked to environmental passion, perseverance was more strongly related to environmentally friendly behaviors as well as environmental awareness. Conclusions Results point to the ecological benefits of espousing passion and perseverance for long-term goals. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Prior research shows that grit predicts academic success and well-being outcomes. (2) Studies also demonstrated that perseverance had more robust associations with optimal performance and psychological outcomes. (3) There is evidence showing how grit relates to self-regulation. What this topic adds: (1) This study demonstrated that both perseverance of effort and consistency of interests positively predicted environmental passion, environmentally friendly behaviors, and environmental awareness. (2) Whereas consistency appears to be more strongly linked to environmental passion, perseverance was more strongly related to environmentally friendly behaviors as well as environmental awareness. (3) These findings offered preliminary evidence regarding the ecological benefits of grit.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"416 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42014999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting attachment security promotes giving behaviour in higher attachment anxiety","authors":"Yuanxiao Ma, Wenshuang Long, Guangzeng Liu, Haijing Ma","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1974800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1974800","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective The sense of attachment security is believed to be positively associated with altruistic behaviour. Based on this notion, this study investigated whether boosting attachment security increases people’s giving behaviour and examined the moderating role of attachment styles. Method To this end, a 30-day security priming training (using multi-method approaches) was conducted to validate these assumptions. Sixty-six participants were randomly assigned to either the security or the neutral priming training group. The dictator game (DG) was adopted as a measure of altruism, and each participant was required to complete a DG before and after the priming training. Results The results indicated that participants who experienced security priming training exhibited more giving behaviour in DG. Moreover, the boosting effect of this training was more evident in participants with high attachment anxiety. Conclusion These findings enhance our understanding about the different susceptibility of attachment insecurities to security priming and further validate the causal link between attachment security and altruism. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Attachment security was associated with higher altruistic behavior. Attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance) were thought to impede altruism. Feelings of attachment security could be improved by security priming training. What this topic adds: Security priming training could effectively improve participant’s giving behavior. The boosting effect of security priming training was more obvious in participants with high attachment anxiety. Empathy is contagious; therefore, in social life, whatever role you play, being sensitive and supportive will always help!","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"452 - 461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46425242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of depressive symptoms and rumination on subjective confidence in recognition of others’ emotions: an exploratory study","authors":"Azra Jahanitabesh, V. Alogna, J. Halberstadt","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1965860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1965860","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Depression has unfavourable effects on emotion perception, and potential downstream consequences on social functioning. However, it is not clear if depressed individuals themselves are aware of these effects. We explored the relation between the independent and interactive contributions of depressive symptoms and rumination on self-perceived emotion recognition ability. Method Depressive symptoms and ruminative tendencies of 108 university students (54 females) were measured, and participants rated both their self-perceived ability to perceive emotion, and to recognize the change from one emotion to another, in other people. Results Multiple regressions showed rumination and depressive symptoms both independently and interactively explain participants’ beliefs about their emotion recognition skills but only among females. Female ruminators thought they were more accurate, whereas those with more severe depressive symptoms believed they were less accurate. Interestingly, the relation between rumination and accuracy depended on depressed mood, such that rumination predicted self-perceived emotion recognition to a greater extent as depression increased. The pattern of findings were weaker and non-significant for males. Conclusions At least in women, both depression and rumination are, independently and interactively, correlated with self-perceived ability to recognize emotion. These findings have implications for both research and clinical practice. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Depression has detrimental effects on emotion recognition, and possible downstream effects on social functioning. (2) It is not known whether depressed individuals themselves are aware of the effects of depressive symptoms on their social interactions. (3) The tendency towards prolonged, repetitive thinking about one’s own thoughts, feelings, and problems – termed rumination – might explain depression-related emotion recognition deficiencies. What this topic adds: (1) The current study examined the independent and interactive effects of depressive symptoms and rumination on self-perceived emotion recognition. Overall, results revealed main and interaction effects of rumination and depressive symptoms on self-perceived emotion recognition but only among females. (2) Inspection of interaction effects revealed that somewhat counterintuitively, females with higher levels of rumination reported greater self-perceived emotion recognition, controlling for depression. (3) Among females, more depressed individuals who tended not to ruminate reported the least competency in detecting the emotions of others. Put another way, the negative relation between depression and self-perceived emotion recognition is stronger when people do not ruminate.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"586 - 600"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42313126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dark Tetrad in the prediction of self-reported and behavioural risk-taking","authors":"Deborah Nott, Benjamin R. Walker","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1955224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1955224","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective The explanatory power of the Dark Tetrad of personality (i.e., sub-clinical traits of sadism, psychopathy, narcissism and Machiavellianism) in the prediction of risk-taking behaviours is yet to be determined. This study aimed to predict both self-reported and behavioural risk-taking from the four dark trait variables. Method Participants (N = 216) completed an online survey using the Short Dark Triad, the Assessment of Sadistic Personality, the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale and the automatic Balloon Analogue Risk Task. It was hypothesised that psychopathy would positively predict risk-taking, and sadism would uniquely positively predict risk-taking. Results Both hypotheses were partially supported as psychopathy and sadism positively uniquely predicted self-reported risk-taking, but this was not significant for psychopathy after a Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, psychopathy and sadism were not significant predictors of behavioural risk-taking. Conclusions Detection of factors that motivate individuals to engage in risk-taking behaviours could be valuable in clinical interventions.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"569 - 577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049530.2021.1955224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47496937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Help-seeking for mental health problems among older adults with chronic disease: an application of the theory of planned behaviour","authors":"C. Adams, E. Gringart, N. Strobel, Paul W. Masterman","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1952850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1952850","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Despite high risk for mental health problems, older adults with chronic diseases underutilise mental health services. This study applied the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to understand mental health help-seeking intentions among this population and identified factors which influence help-seeking intentions. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study with a non-clinical sample of 108 older adults aged 65 years or over, living with cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and/or type 2 diabetes. TPB variables (attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control), intentions to seek help, and additional factors (past help-seeking behaviour, quality of life, and physical health) were assessed using standardised questionnaires. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to identify predictors of help-seeking intentions. Results 41% of the participants did not intend to seek help, and all three TPB variables were associated with help-seeking intentions. The traditional TPB model accounted for 69.7% of the variance in intentions, and the extended TPB model accounted for an additional 1.6% of the variance. Conclusions Attitudes and perceived behavioural control have the strongest association with help-seeking intentions among older adults with chronic disease. Further research is needed to identify predictors of mental health help-seeking behaviour and to develop interventions to promote help-seeking in this population. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Older adults aged 65 years or over living with chronic disease are at an increased risk of mental health decline. Older adults underutilise mental health services, and consequently mental health problems often go undiagnosed and untreated in this population. A growing body of research has demonstrated the utility of the Theory of Planned Behaviour in predicting intentions to seek mental health support services. What this topic adds: Most older adults with chronic disease have some intention to seek professional mental health support when needed. Older adults with chronic disease have a high perceived ability to seek professional help. Promoting favourable attitudes towards mental health help-seeking is likely to facilitate the greatest change in help-seeking intentions in the present population.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"426 - 437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049530.2021.1952850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46370748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alexithymia, impulsivity and negative mood in relation to internet addiction symptoms in female university students","authors":"M. Lyvers, Cagla Senturk, F. A. Thorberg","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1942985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1942985","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Alexithymia has been implicated as a risk factor for problematic substance use and other excessive behaviours including internet addiction . Impulsiveness has also been identified as a likely predisposing factor for excessive behaviours. However, as impulsivity is often elevated in alexithymia, the degree of independence of these factors in relation to excessive internet use is unclear. Method The present study assessed contributions of alexithymia, impulsivity and negative affect to variance in internet addiction symptoms in 116 internet-using female university students. Participants completed the following instruments online: demographics, Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, Internet Addiction Test and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21. Results Measures were significantly intercorrelated in expected directions. Hierarchical regression indicated that although both alexithymia and impulsivity were highly significant predictors of internet addiction symptoms after controlling for demographic covariates, the contribution of alexithymia became nonsignificant after adding impulsivity to the model. The final model explained 37% of variance in internet addiction symptoms. Multiple mediation modelling indicated that both impulsivity and negative affect fully mediated the association of alexithymia with internet addiction symptoms. Conclusions Impulsivity and negative affect may account for the link between alexithymia and internet addiction symptoms in young women at university. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Alexithymia and impulsivity have been linked to a variety of addictive behaviors including internet addiction. Alexithymia and impulsivity have been reported to independently predict excessive alcohol use in regression models. Alexithymia may reflect deficient interoception and corresponding poor internal awareness of overconsumption cues in alcohol use. What this topic adds: In female university students, alexithymia, impulsivity, and negative affect were significant positive predictors of internet addiction symptoms in a regression model. Alexithymia was no longer significant after adding impulsivity to the model. Multiple mediation modelling indicated that impulsivity and negative affect fully mediated the association of alexithymia with internet addiction symptoms.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"548 - 556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049530.2021.1942985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44103941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of death fears and attachment processes in social anxiety: a novel hypothesis explored","authors":"Matteo Zuccala, Matthew Modini, Maree J. Abbott","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1917307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1917307","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective: Research suggests an association between the fear of death and social anxiety, but the mechanisms through which these constructs are related remain unclear. From a socio-evolutionary perspective, abandonment and rejection are associated with premature death, and appraisals of the importance of social relationships for maintaining survival are influenced by one’s upbringing, reflected in individual differences in attachment patterns. We thus explored whether different attachment dimensions mediated the relationship between death anxiety and social anxiety to differing degrees, according to the value afforded by these dimensions to the importance of relationships for survival. Method: Self-report data on death anxiety, social anxiety, and two dimensions of attachment (anxiety and avoidance) was collected from 93 participants with varying levels of social anxiety. Results: Supporting the hypotheses, there was an indirect effect of death anxiety on social anxiety via attachment anxiety, even when fear of own death and fear of other’s death were analysed separately. No indirect effect via attachment avoidance was observed. Conclusions: These results clarify the mechanisms underpinning the association between social anxiety and the fear of death, and suggest that a socio-evolutionary framework provides utility in better understanding these clinical constructs. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Research demonstrates a hitherto unclear association between the experience of social anxiety and underlying death fears. (2) A socio-evolutionary approach highlights the intimate relationship between abandonment/rejection and premature death during our evolutionary history. (3) Appraisals of the importance of social relationships for maintaining survival ought to be influenced by developmental experiences. What this topic adds: (1) We propose that variation in these appraisals are reflected in the different attachment dimensions (anxiety and avoidance). (2) In support of this, we found that attachment anxiety mediated the relationship between death anxiety and social anxiety, whereas attachment avoidance did not. (3) These results clarify the mechanisms underpinning the connection between social anxiety and underlying death fears and emphasise the utility of socio-evolutionary approaches to clinical syndromes.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"381 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049530.2021.1917307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47817036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mediated model of mindful awareness, emotion regulation, and maternal mental health during pregnancy and postpartum","authors":"H. McDonald, K. Sherman, N. Kasparian","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1908846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1908846","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Growing evidence links mindful awareness to the regulation of emotion, yet little is known about the temporal features of this association. This preliminary prospective study aimed to test the bidirectional relationship between mindful awareness, emotion regulation, anxiety, and depressive symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum. Method One-hundred forty-nine women completed an online survey at any stage during pregnancy and at 3-6 months postpartum. Psychosocial variables were assessed using validated, self-report measures. Results Bootstrapped mediation analysis demonstrated a bidirectional association between mindful awareness and emotion regulation for anxiety, but not depressive symptoms. Conclusions Results provide partial support for the hypothesized bidirectional relationship, whereby mindful awareness facilitates adaptive regulation of anxiety, but not depressive symptoms, and in turn, emotion regulation enhances the ability for present moment awareness. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Mindfulness and emotion regulation are conceptually and empirically related. (2) Emotion regulation has been proposed as a pathway through which mindfulness exerts influence on mental health. (3) Mindfulness has also been linked with emotion regulation. What this topic adds: (1) Preliminary support for a temporal bidirectional relationship. (2) Preliminary support for a reciprocal relationship in a perinatal context. (3) Reciprocal relationship may not be evidenced in relation to depression.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"368 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049530.2021.1908846","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45962300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2020.1857459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2020.1857459","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"392 - 394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049530.2020.1857459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49054957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial status and materialism – The mediating role of self-esteem","authors":"Agata Trzcińska, Katarzyna Sekścińska","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1944315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1944315","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective: One of the reasons why people develop a materialistic attitude may be their desire to compensate for economic deprivation. Poor people experience negative emotions as a result of deprivation, and this translates into low self-esteem. It is argued that, as a means of dealing with low self-esteem, people often use material goods, and thus become more materialistic. However, this idea has only previously been tested in studies of adolescents. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between financial status (both objective and subjective), self-esteem and materialism. Method: The study was conducted using a representative sample of Polish working adults (N = 1138) recruited from an online panel. Data were analysed through correlation, regression and mediation analyses. Results: The study found no significant relationship between financial status and general materialism. However, relationships between both measures of financial status and two separate dimensions of materialism were observed (positive correlations with centrality, and negative correlations with happiness). Moreover, the study showed self-esteem to be a mediator of the relationship between financial status and the happiness dimension of materialism, and that self-esteem acts as a suppressor of the relationship between financial status and the centrality dimension of materialism. Conclusion: These results show that particular dimensions of materialism may be related to financial status in completely different ways. While poorer people more closely associate material goods with their happiness, richer people consider ownership to be more central in their lives. KEY POINTS What is already known about the topic: Previous theoretical considerations indicated that low financial status can promote materialism. Children and teenagers belonging to poorer families exhibit higher levels of materialism than their peers belonging to richer families. Previous research on children and adolescents found that lower affluence was associated with greater materialism, and that this was explained by lower self-esteem among the poorer participants. What this topic adds: Among adults, financial status (both objective and subjective) does not correlate with general materialism but is significantly related to two of the three dimensions of materialism (happiness and centrality). Financial status (both objective and subjective) correlates negatively with happiness dimension of materialism and positively with centrality dimension of materialism. Self-esteem is a mediator of the relationship between financial status and the happiness dimension of materialism, and a suppressor of the relationship between financial status and the centrality dimension of materialism.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"557 - 568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049530.2021.1944315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49549080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}