Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health最新文献

{"title":"The importance of genetic research on the dominant species of human intestinal indigenous microbiota.","authors":"Shin Kurihara","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2020-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2020-011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comparisons of the changes in the gut microbiota and transcriptomes as a result of changes in diet have demonstrated that the regulation of the gene functions of intestinal bacteria is fundamental for the regulation of the intestinal environment. However, the functions of only about half of the genes can be predicted using nucleotide sequences obtained from the metagenomic data of the human gut microbiota. Therefore, the regulation of gut bacterial gene functions is hindered. To resolve this issue, the functions of the genes of intestinal bacteria must be identified. In our previous study, a high-throughput cultivation system was established for the dominant species of indigenous human intestinal microbiota. Using this system, we analyzed the synthesis and transport of polyamines by intestinal bacteria. Comparison of the results with those obtained by <i>in silico</i> analysis indicated the existence of novel polyamine synthetic enzymes and transport proteins. Next, strains with gene deletions and complementation for the polyamine synthetic system of the genus <i>Bacteroides</i> were analyzed. Furthermore, we co-cultured genetically engineered <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> strains to demonstrate the presence of a polyamine synthetic pathway spanning multiple bacterial species. Here, we outline the trends of research using genetically engineered intestinal bacteria and the ripple effects of studies in which intestinal bacteria have been analyzed genetically. Moreover, because studies on intestinal bacteria at the gene level are indispensable for improving our understanding of their regulation, the importance of this research will continue to increase in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"40 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7817506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25315816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of gut microbiota of obesity and type 2 diabetes in a rodent model.","authors":"Khalid S Ibrahim,&nbsp;Nowara Bourwis,&nbsp;Sharron Dolan,&nbsp;Sue Lang,&nbsp;Janice Spencer,&nbsp;John A Craft","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2019-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2019-031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various studies have suggested that the gut microbiome interacts with the host and may have a significant role in the aetiology of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). It was hypothesised that bacterial communities in obesity and T2D differ from control and compromise normal interactions between host and microbiota. Obesity and T2D were developed in rats by feeding a high-fat diet or a high-fat diet plus a single low-dose streptozotocin administration, respectively. The microbiome profiles and their metabolic potentials were established by metagenomic 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics. Taxonomy and predicted metabolism-related genes in obesity and T2D were markedly different from controls and indeed from each other. Diversity was reduced in T2D but not in Obese rats. Factors likely to compromise host intestinal, barrier integrity were found in Obese and T2D rats including predicted, decreased bacterial butyrate production. Capacity to increase energy extraction via ABC-transporters and carbohydrate metabolism were enhanced in Obese and T2D rats. T2D was characterized by increased proinflammatory molecules. While obesity and T2D show distinct differences, results suggest that in both conditions <i>Bacteroides</i> and <i>Blautia</i> species were increased indicating a possible mechanistic link.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"40 1","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/35/bb/bmfh-40-065.PMC7817511.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25316306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of appendectomy samples identified dysbiosis in acute appendicitis.","authors":"Shinya Munakata,&nbsp;Mari Tohya,&nbsp;Hirokazu Matsuzawa,&nbsp;Yuki Tsuchiya,&nbsp;Kota Amemiya,&nbsp;Toshiaki Hagiwara,&nbsp;Daisuke Motooka,&nbsp;Shota Nakamura,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Sakamoto,&nbsp;Shin Watanabe","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2020-051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2020-051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Appendicitis is the most common cause of sudden-onset abdominal pain requiring surgery. Culture-independent techniques have revealed that the complex intestinal bacterial ecology is associated with various diseases. To evaluate differences in patient characteristics and gut microbiota distribution in patients with appendicitis, we enrolled 12 patients who underwent appendectomy for appendicitis (appendicitis group) and 13 patients who underwent ileocecal resection or right hemicolectomy for colon cancer (control group). Microbiota were analyzed using next-generation sequencing of surgical specimens from appendix swab samples collected postoperatively. Overall differences in the structure of the gut microbiota were evaluated using the α- and β-diversity indices, which were calculated using the weighted or unweighted UniFrac distance. Changes in the gut microbial distribution were taxonomically evaluated at the phylum and genus levels. The α-diversity of observed species was significantly different between patients with and without inflammation of the appendix. The appendiceal microbiome of patients with appendicitis exhibited the highest unweighted UniFrac distances. There were no significant differences at the phylum level. <i>Ruminococcus</i> (p=0.02) and f_erysipelotrichaceae_g_clostridium (p=0.005) were increased in the control group compared with the appendicitis group. This pilot study provides the first report of the correlation of the gut microbiota with the pathogenesis of appendicitis evaluated using mucus-origin sampling.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"40 2","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c7/f7/bmfh-40-092.PMC8099629.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38906254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of ileostomy stool samples reveals dysbiosis in patients with high-output stomas.","authors":"Hirokazu Matsuzawa,&nbsp;Shinya Munakata,&nbsp;Masaya Kawai,&nbsp;Kiichi Sugimoto,&nbsp;Hirohiko Kamiyama,&nbsp;Makoto Takahashi,&nbsp;Yutaka Kojima,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Sakamoto","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2020-062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2020-062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Construction of a diverting stoma can significantly reduce the onset of severe anastomotic leakage in patients with rectal cancer. High-output stoma is one of the most important potential surgical complications after anal function-preserving surgery with ileostomy. Culture-independent techniques have revealed the interaction of the complex intestinal bacterial ecology with various diseases. Our objective was to evaluate the differences in patient characteristics and gut microbiota distribution features in patients with high-output stomas. The cases of 24 consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for rectal cancer at our hospital between November 2016 and June 2018 were reviewed, and the patients were categorized into high-output and low-output groups. Their microbiota were analyzed using next-generation sequencing of ileostomy stool samples collected on postoperative day 7. There was a significant difference in the percentage of Bacteroidetes between the high-output and low-output groups (14.8% vs 0.5%; p=0.01). The percentage of <i>Clostridium butyricum</i> was increased in the low-output group (p=0.01). After the exclusion of those treated with the probiotic Miya-BM, whose principal component is <i>C. butyricum</i>, analyses revealed no significant differences between the high-output and low-output groups. This pilot study provides the first evidence correlating gut microbiota with the pathogenesis of high- output stoma compared with low-output stoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"40 3","pages":"135-143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/39/a0/bmfh-40-135.PMC8279886.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39203673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional analysis from the Mykinso Cohort Study: establishing reference ranges for Japanese gut microbial indices.","authors":"Satoshi Watanabe,&nbsp;Shoichiro Kameoka,&nbsp;Natsuko O Shinozaki,&nbsp;Ryuichi Kubo,&nbsp;Akifumi Nishida,&nbsp;Minoru Kuriyama,&nbsp;Aya K Takeda","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2020-038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2020-038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to establish reference ranges for gut microbial indices by collecting real-world Japanese microbiome data from a Mykinso cohort. Although several large cohort studies have focused on the human gut microbiome, large cohort studies of the gut microbiome from Japanese populations are scarce, especially from healthy or non-diseased individuals. We collected stool samples and original survey lifestyle information from 5,843 Japanese individuals through the Mykinso gut microbiome testing service. From the obtained 16S rRNA sequence data derived from stool samples, the ratio and distribution of each taxon were analyzed. The relationship between different epidemiological attributes and gut microbial indicators were statistically analyzed. The qualitative and quantitative indicators of these common gut microbiota were confirmed to be strongly correlated with age, sex, constipation/diarrhea, and history of lifestyle-related diseases. Therefore, we set up a healthy sub-cohort that controlled for these attribute factors and defined reference ranges from the distribution of gut microbial index in that population. Taken together, these results show that the gut microbiota of Japanese people had high beta-diversity, with no single \"typical\" gut microbiota type. We believe that the reference ranges for the gut microbial indices obtained in this study can be new reference values for determining the balance and health of the gut microbiota of an individual. In the future, it is necessary to clarify the clinical validity of these reference values by comparing them with a clinical disease cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"40 2","pages":"123-134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/23/43/bmfh-40-123.PMC8099632.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38918650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a high-γ-polyglutamic acid-containing natto diet on liver lipids and cecal microbiota of adult female mice.","authors":"Motoi Tamura,&nbsp;Jun Watanabe,&nbsp;Sachiko Hori,&nbsp;Atsuko Inose,&nbsp;Yuji Kubo,&nbsp;Tomotsugu Noguchi,&nbsp;Takanobu Nishikawa,&nbsp;Masaya Ikezawa,&nbsp;Risa Araki,&nbsp;Masuko Kobori","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2020-061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2020-061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natto is a traditional Japanese fermented soy product high in γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), whose beneficial effects have been reported. We prepared high-γ-PGA natto and compared the dietary influence on liver lipids and cecal microbiota in mice fed a diet containing it or a standard diet. The mice were served a 30% high-γ-PGA natto diet (PGA group) or standard diet (Con group) for 28 days. Liver lipids, fecal lipids, and fecal bile acids were quantified. Cecal microbiota were analyzed by PCR amplification of the V3 and V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes and sequenced using a MiSeq System. Additionally, the cecal short-chain fatty acid profile was assessed. The results revealed that the liver lipid and triglyceride contents were significantly lower (p<0.01) and amounts of bile acids and lipids in the feces were significantly higher in the PGA group than in the Con group. The cecal butyric acid concentration was observed to be significantly higher in the PGA group than in the Con group. Principal component analysis of the cecal microbiota revealed that the PGA and Con groups were distinct. The ratio of <i>Firmicutes</i>/<i>Bacteroidetes</i> was found to be significantly low in the PGA mice. The results revealed a significantly higher relative abundance of <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> (p<0.05) and significantly lower relative abundance of <i>Coriobacteriaceae</i> (p<0.01) in the PGA group. Analysis of the correlation between bacterial abundance and liver lipids, cecal short-chain fatty acids, fecal lipids, and fecal bile acids suggested that intestinal microbiota can be categorized into different types based on lipid metabolism. Hepatic lipid accumulation typically facilitates the onset of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our findings suggest that high-γ-PGA natto is a beneficial dietary component for the prevention of NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"40 4","pages":"176-185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/24/4d/bmfh-40-176.PMC8484009.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39503446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milk oligosaccharide-mediated cross-feeding between <i>Enterococcus gallinarum</i> and lactobacilli in the gut microbiota of infant rats.","authors":"Saki Matsui,&nbsp;Hazuki Akazawa,&nbsp;Yuji Tsujikawa,&nbsp;Itsuko Fukuda,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Suzuki,&nbsp;Yuji Yamamoto,&nbsp;Takao Mukai,&nbsp;Yasuhito Shirai,&nbsp;Ro Osawa","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2021-036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2021-036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated bacteria that have a nutritional symbiotic relationship with respect to milk oligosaccharides in gut microbiota of suckling rats, with specific reference to sialyllactose (SL) degrading <i>Enterococcus gallinarum</i>. Our next generation sequencing analysis of the colonic contents of 12-day-old suckling rats revealed that almost half of the bacteria in the microbiota belonged to the Lactobacillaceae family. Major <i>Lactobacillus</i> species in the contents were identified as <i>L. johnsonii</i>, <i>L. murinus</i>, and <i>L. reuteri</i>. We then monitored changes in numbers of the above <i>Lactobacillus</i> species, <i>E. gallinarum</i>, and the bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae (i.e., enterobacteria) in the colonic contents of infant rats at 7, 12, 21, 28, and 35 days of age by using real-time PCR assays targeting these bacterial groups. The 7-day-old infant rats had a gut microbiota in which enterobacteria were predominant. Such dominance was replaced by <i>L. johnsonii</i> and the concomitant <i>E. gallinarum</i> markedly increased in those of 12 and 21 days of ages. During this period, the number of enterobacteria declined dramatically, but that of <i>L. reuteri</i> surged dramatically. Our separate <i>in vitro</i> experiment showed that supplementation of culture media with SL promoted the growth of <i>L. johnsonii</i> and <i>E. gallinarum</i>, with marked production of lactic acid. These findings revealed possible milk oligosaccharide-mediated cross-feeding between <i>E. gallinarum</i> and <i>L. johnsonii</i>, with the former degrading SL to release lactose to be utilized by the latter.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"40 4","pages":"204-211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bd/47/bmfh-40-204.PMC8484008.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39503449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Influenza virus effects of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> KH2 and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> SNK12 RNA.","authors":"Takumi Watanabe,&nbsp;Kyoko Hayashi,&nbsp;Tatsuhiko Kan,&nbsp;Makoto Ohwaki,&nbsp;Toshio Kawahara","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2020-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2020-019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial RNA has recently emerged as an immune-stimulating factor during viral infection. The immune response in an organism is directly related to the progression of virus infections. Lactic acid bacteria in particular have anticancer, bioprotective, and antiallergic effects by modulating immunity. Here, we aimed to demonstrate the effect of bacterial RNA on <i>in vitro</i> production of IL-12, a proinflammatory cytokine, and on <i>in vivo</i> activity against influenza A virus (IFV) infection. Oral administration of heat-killed <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> KH2 (KH2) or <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> SNK12 (SNK) in IFV-infected mice suppressed viral replication and stimulated production of virus-specific antibodies. However, ribonuclease-treated KH2 or SNK abrogated the effect, reducing IL-12 production <i>in vitro</i> and anti-IFV effects <i>in vivo</i>. Taken together, KH2 or SNK showed antiviral effects <i>in vivo</i> when administered orally, and the RNAs of KH2 and SNK play a part in these effects, despite the phylogenetic differences between the bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"40 1","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/93/d3/bmfh-40-043.PMC7817512.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25316303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a reporter system for bifidobacteria using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and its application for evaluation of promoters and terminators.","authors":"Tomoya Kozakai,&nbsp;Yoko Shimofusa,&nbsp;Izumi Nomura,&nbsp;Tohru Suzuki","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2020-070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2020-070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A reporter assay system is an essential tool for investigating gene expression mechanisms. In the case of bifidobacteria, several convenient and sensitive reporter systems have been developed. Here, we developed a new reporter system for bifidobacteria using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (<i>cat</i>) from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. This enzyme stoichiometrically produced free CoA-SH, which was analyzed quantitatively with Ellman's test using 2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB). The 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate (TNB^2-) produced showed a strong yellowish color with maximum absorbance at 412 nm. We also constructed a new pBCMAT plasmid series for CAT assays in bifidobacteria to evaluate promoters and terminators. Analyses using promoters from <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> NCC2705 indicated that the CAT assay using these promoters is quantitative, has a wide measurement range, and is stable. In addition, this assay was useful for several bifidobacterial species, including <i>B. longum</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium breve</i>, and <i>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</i>. Compared with evoglow-Bs2, a fluorescent protein used under anaerobic conditions, the CAT assay showed about 0.25% background activity. In analyses using this CAT assay, we identified 11 promoters and 12 terminators of <i>B. longum</i> NCC2705. The genes encoding ribosomal proteins, elongation factors, and transfer RNAs possessed strong promoters, and terminators that include strong stem-loops and poly-U tails structures tended to show high activities. Although the abovementioned promoters made stronger contributions to expression activities than the terminators, the maximum fold difference in the activities among the tested terminators was approximately 17-fold. Modification of the -10 box and 5<i>'</i>-UTR in the promoters and the structure around the stem-loop in the terminators affected expression levels. These results suggest that the CAT assay is useful for various analyses of bifidobacterial gene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"40 2","pages":"115-122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c1/8e/bmfh-40-115.PMC8099631.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38918648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibrinolytic characteristics of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> G8 isolated from natto.","authors":"Reinhard Pinontoan,&nbsp;Elvina,&nbsp;Astia Sanjaya,&nbsp;Juandy Jo","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2020-071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2020-071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the high prevalence of vascular obstructive diseases, discovering potent, safe, and affordable fibrinolytic agents is of importance. There is particular interest concerning the use of functional foods that have a fibrinolytic activity, such as natto, a Japanese fermented soy-based product made with <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (natto) strain BEST195. We recently isolated another bacterial strain from natto commercialized in Indonesia, <i>B. subtilis</i> G8, which has proven to exert fibrinolytic activity. Herein, a further characterization of <i>B. subtilis</i> G8 was assessed through a comparison with commercialized nattokinase, the major fibrinolytic enzyme of <i>B. subtilis</i>, by utilizing various <i>in vitro</i> fibrinolytic assays, namely whole blood clot lysis, euglobulin clot lysis, the fibrin plate method, and zymography. Both nattokinase and <i>B. subtilis</i> G8 were able to dissolve both whole blood and euglobulin clots. Furthermore, both nattokinase and <i>B. subtilis</i> G8 were able to lyse blood clots, presumably due to their ability to directly lyse fibrin. Finally, a crude extract of <i>B. subtilis</i> G8 displayed six zymogram bands of approximately 42.0, 35.5, 30.8, 26.7, 20.0, and 13.7 kDa, with the strongest activity observed at 20.0 kDa. This indicates that <i>B. subtilis</i> G8 contained several fibrinolytic enzymes, which might have comprised nattokinase and other fibrinolytic enzymes. In summary, we demonstrated that a crude extract of <i>B. subtilis</i> G8 has potent fibrinolytic activity and that the activity was mediated by various fibrinolytic enzymes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"40 3","pages":"144-149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3e/38/bmfh-40-144.PMC8279889.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39203674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}