Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health最新文献

{"title":"The role of respiratory microbiota in the protection against viral diseases: respiratory commensal bacteria as next-generation probiotics for COVID-19.","authors":"Bruno G N Andrade,&nbsp;Rafael R C Cuadrat,&nbsp;Fernanda Raya Tonetti,&nbsp;Haruki Kitazawa,&nbsp;Julio Villena","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2022-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2022-009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and imposed the biggest public health challenge for our civilization, with unforeseen impacts in the subsequent years. Similar to other respiratory infections, COVID-19 is associated with significant changes in the composition of the upper respiratory tract microbiome. Studies have pointed to a significant reduction of diversity and richness of the respiratory microbiota in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, it has been suggested that <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Staphylococcus,</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> are associated with severe COVID-19 cases, while <i>Dolosigranulum</i> and <i>Corynebacterium</i> are significantly more abundant in asymptomatic subjects or with mild disease. These results have stimulated the search for new microorganisms from the respiratory microbiota with probiotic properties that could alleviate symptoms and even help in the fight against COVID-19. To date, the potential positive effects of probiotics in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pandemics have been extrapolated from studies carried out with other viral pathogens, such as influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus. However, scientific evidence has started to emerge demonstrating the capacity of immunomodulatory bacteria to beneficially influence the resistance against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we review the scientific knowledge regarding the role of the respiratory microbiota in viral infections in general and in the infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 in particular. In addition, the scientific work that supports the use of immunomodulatory probiotic microorganisms as beneficial tools to reduce the severity of respiratory viral infections is also reviewed. In particular, our recent studies that evaluated the role of immunomodulatory <i>Dolosigranulum pigrum</i> strains in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection are highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3c/da/bmfh-41-094.PMC9246420.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40513933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The beneficial effects of exercise on glucose and lipid metabolism during statin therapy is partially mediated by changes of the intestinal flora.","authors":"Lijun Wang,&nbsp;Baihua Zhou,&nbsp;Xinying Li,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Xiu Mei Yang,&nbsp;Hongwei Wang,&nbsp;Jun Yan,&nbsp;Jiakun Dong","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2021-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2021-024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent research has confirmed that moderate-intensity exercise affects the gut microbiome composition and improves cardiac function in an animal model after myocardial infarction (MI). However, few studies have investigated the effects of exercise on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) receiving a statin treatment and successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Meanwhile, since statin therapy may lead to the risk of an increase in blood glucose level in CHD patients, we hypothesized that moderate-intensity exercise may be helpful for regulating glucose-lipid metabolism and stabilizing the blood glucose level in CHD patients. Therefore, to confirm our conjecture, we conducted a clinical retrospective study and animal experiment, respectively. The clinical study involved a total of 501 statin-treated patients with CHD after PCI. According to the study protocol, patients were divided into the following three groups: a non-exercise group, exercise at the recommended standard group, and exercise not at the recommended standard group. We found that qualified moderate-intensity exercise decreased blood glucose and lipid levels at follow-up at a mean of 2.2 years, and the incidence of new-onset diabetes showed a downward trend compared with the non-exercise and exercise not at the recommended standard groups. Furthermore, we used a high-fat rat model to explore an additional mechanism of the beneficial effects of exercise-based management on glucose-lipid metabolism apart from the known mechanism. We used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the changes induced by exercise in the composition of intestinal flora in experimental rats. We found that rats that exercised with or without statin administration had lower plasma glucose and lipid levels and that these parameters were higher in the control and statin-treated rats that did not exercise. These results were consistent with the human study. The results from high-throughput sequencing of the intestinal flora of rats showed, to the best of our knowledge, that exercise leads to an increased relative abundance of <i>Akkermansia muciniphila,</i> which contributes to improved glucose and lipid metabolism. Based on our current results, we suggest that moderate-intensity exercise can improve glucose and lipid metabolism and prevent statin treatment-related side effects, such as hyperglycemia, in patients after PCI. Exercise could facilitate the applicability of statins for lower lipid levels. Exercise training also provides additional benefits, such as alteration of the gut microbiota, which contributes to improved glucose and lipid metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/67/84/bmfh-41-112.PMC9246419.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40629815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i> C60 induces macrophages activation that enhances CD4+ T cell-based adaptive immunity.","authors":"Suguru Saito,&nbsp;Alato Okuno,&nbsp;Nanae Kakizaki,&nbsp;Toshio Maekawa,&nbsp;Noriko M Tsuji","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2021-057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2021-057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i> C60 is a probiotic strain that induces diverse functional modifications in immune cells. In this report, as a novel effect of C60 on myeloid lineage cells, we show that C60 enhances the immunological function of macrophages that consequently promotes CD4+ T cell activity in an antigen-dependent manner. Heat-killed (HK) C60 induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (TPMs) much stronger than Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand stimulation. The HK-C60 treatment also augmented the expression of antigen-presenting and co-stimulatory molecules, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD80, and CD86, as well as antigen uptake in TPMs. These HK-C60-mediated functional upregulations in TPMs resulted in the promotion of CD4+ T cell activation in an antigen-dependent manner. Interestingly, the TPMs that originated from the mice fed the HK-C60 diet showed pre-activated characteristics, which was confirmed by the upregulation of cytokine production and antigen presentation-related molecule expression under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Furthermore, the antigen-dependent CD4+ T cell activation was also enhanced by the TPMs. This implied that antigen presentation activity was enhanced in the TPMs that originated from the HK-C60 diet mice. Thus, C60 effectively upregulates the immunological function of macrophages that directly connects to CD4+ T cell-based adaptive immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/73/42/bmfh-41-130.PMC9246417.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40629816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gut microbiota of non-obese Japanese pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Kei Tanaka,&nbsp;Gaku Harata,&nbsp;Kenji Miyazawa,&nbsp;Fang He,&nbsp;Shinji Tanigaki,&nbsp;Yoichi Kobayashi","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2021-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2021-025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent evidence has shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the gut microbiota composition of non-obese women with GDM, which accounts for a relatively large percentage of Asian GDM, is unknown. We investigated the characteristics of gut microbiota of Japanese pregnant women with GDM. Fecal samples from Japanese pregnant women with GDM (n=20) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n=16) were collected at the time of GDM diagnosis (T1), at 35-37 weeks of gestation (T2), and at 4 weeks postpartum (T3). Gut microbiota composition was characterized from fecal DNA by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Serum samples were collected late in the third trimester, and the circulating levels of adiponectin and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. At the genus level, <i>Peptostreptococcaceae Romboutsia</i> was enriched in GDM women at T1 (p=0.008) and T2 (p=0.047). The women with lower serum adiponectin tended to have more <i>Romboutsia</i>. The Shannon index was significantly lower in the GDM women at T3 than in the NGT women (p=0.008), and that of the GDM women decreased significantly from T2 to T3 (p=0.02). No significant difference in bacterial community structure was found in a beta diversity analysis. The non-obese GDM women (body mass index <25.0 kg/m²) showed a lower abundance of <i>Coriobacteriaceae Collinsella</i> at T1 (p=0.03) and higher abundance of <i>Akkermansia</i> at T2 (p=0.04) than the normal control. The non-obese GDM women had the distinctive gut microbiota profiles. Analysis of gut microbiota is potentially useful for risk assessment of GDM in non-obese pregnant women.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/05/20/bmfh-41-004.PMC8727054.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39825706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiota diversity and bacterial load after successful treatment of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection with honey lavage in 4 patients.","authors":"Yara M W VAN Knippenberg,&nbsp;Robert J F Laheij","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2021-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2021-047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this letter, an experimental therapy in four patients with therapy-resistant <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection is described. These four patients were treated with Manuka honey via colon lavage. First, the patients received a three-day fidaxomicin treatment. The colon lavage was performed on the third day. During a subsequent ileocolonoscopy, 300 mL 15% Manuka honey was applied via a spray catheter. Patients remained in bed for two hours after the procedure and did not defecate. The patient's microbiomes were tested before treatment, after the fidaxomicin treatment, and after honey lavage. A decrease in <i>C. difficile</i> load was found in their microbiomes. Additionally, restoration of microbiota diversity after the honey lavage was also noted. The four patients experienced complete cessation of watery stools and remain symptom free. These results indicate the need for more clinical research into this matter.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/2e/bmfh-41-001.PMC8727055.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39825705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel shuttle vector pGMβ1 for conjugative chromosomal manipulation of <i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> subsp. <i>bulgaricus</i>.","authors":"Daiki Iwamoto,&nbsp;Megumi Ishizaki,&nbsp;Taiki Miura,&nbsp;Yasuko Sasaki","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2021-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2021-014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i> subsp. <i>bulgaricus</i> (<i>L. bulgaricus</i>) is widely used as a starter for yogurt and cheese worldwide. Despite the economic importance of this bacterium in the dairy industry, there have been few genetic studies involving knockout or overexpression mutants to identify the functions of <i>L. bulgaricus</i> genes. One of the main reasons for this gap is the low transformation efficiency of available <i>L. bulgaricus</i> chromosome-integrating vectors upon performing conventional electroporation. We previously proposed the conjugal plasmid pAMβ1 as an integration vector for <i>L. bulgaricus</i>, as conjugation could avert the need for a restriction modification system; pAMβ1 does not replicate and integrate into the chromosome of <i>L. bulgaricus.</i> Here, we describe an effective chromosomal manipulation system involving a novel shuttle vector pGMβ1, which could improve the operability of the broad host-range conjugal plasmid pAMβ1. We further developed an enhanced filter-mating method for conjugation. To validate this system, the effectiveness of conversion of the lactate dehydrogenase gene <i>D-ldh</i> of <i>L. bulgaricus</i> to the <i>L-ldh</i> form of <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> was examined. As pGMβ1 and pAMβ1 are unable to replicate in <i>L. delbrueckii</i> subsp. <i>delbrueckii</i>, they were chromosomally integrated. However, these plasmids could replicate in <i>L. delbrueckii</i> subsp. <i>indicus</i> and <i>sunkii</i>. This integration system could unearth important gene functions in <i>L. bulgaricus</i> and thus improve its applications in the dairy industry. Moreover, this conjugation system could be used as a stable vector for the transformation of long cluster genes in several species of lactic acid bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/21/a2/bmfh-41-020.PMC8727053.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39825708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of gut microbiota and inflammatory markers in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: post hoc analysis of a synbiotic interventional study.","authors":"Yukiko Sugawara,&nbsp;Akio Kanazawa,&nbsp;Masanori Aida,&nbsp;Yasuto Yoshida,&nbsp;Yuichiro Yamashiro,&nbsp;Hirotaka Watada","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2021-081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2021-081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic inflammation caused by gut dysbiosis is associated with the pathophysiology of metabolic disease. Synbiotics are useful for ameliorating gut dysbiosis; however, it remains unclear what types of bacteria act as key markers for synbiotic-driven improvement of chronic inflammation. Here, we performed a post hoc analysis of a 24-week randomized controlled study using synbiotics to investigate the association between gut microbiota and inflammatory markers. We characterized the responders who showed lower interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in response to synbiotic supplementation among 86 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In our baseline analysis, the relative abundances of <i>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</i> and <i>Alistipes onderdonkii</i> correlated positively with IL-6, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) levels. The relative abundance of <i>Eubacterium rectale</i> correlated positively with LBP and Hs-CRP levels, and that of <i>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i> correlated positively with LBP levels. Based on our responder analysis, patients with higher body mass indices (over 30 kg/m² on average), low abundances of <i>Bacteroides caccae</i> and <i>Parabacteroides merdae</i> at baseline and 24 weeks, and minimal changes in the relative abundance of <i>E. rectale</i> and Shannon index from baseline showed decreased IL-6 levels compared with baseline. However, glycemic control in responders was unchanged. In conclusion, we identified four bacterial species (<i>B. adolescentis</i>, <i>A. onderdonkii</i>, <i>E. rectale</i>, <i>and B. thetaiotaomicron</i>) related to chronic inflammation and predictive markers (<i>B. caccae, P. merdae,</i> and severity of obesity) in responders to synbiotic supplementation among obese patients with type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/02/b9/bmfh-41-103.PMC9246418.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40519808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth of various obligate and facultative anaerobic intestinal bacteria in cell culture medium under aerobic and anaerobic culture conditions.","authors":"Toshifumi Ohkusa,&nbsp;Shigeo Koido,&nbsp;Sankichi Horiuchi,&nbsp;Shin Kan,&nbsp;Zensho Ito,&nbsp;Yuriko Nishikawa,&nbsp;Nobuhiro Sato","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2021-065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2021-065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eight bacterial strains were used in this study to examine the survival of intestinal bacteria in immune cell cultures under aerobic and anaerobic culture conditions. With the addition of penicillin G and streptomycin, viable <i>Clostridium clostridioforme</i> and <i>Fusobacterium varium</i> cells did not decrease after 6 or 24 hr, even under aerobic conditions. Without antibiotics, eight bacterial strains did not decrease until 4 or 6 hr later, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. <i>Escherichia coli</i> numbers increased by more than 10 times under both conditions. In order to examine the effects of live gut bacteria on various immune cells, the viability of bacteria should be checked in cell culture media and under different conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4d/57/bmfh-41-145.PMC9246421.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40519809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of gestational weight gain on serum total oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota.","authors":"Tuğba Küçükkasap Cömert,&nbsp;Funda Akpinar,&nbsp;Salim Erkaya,&nbsp;Bengül Durmaz,&nbsp;Riza Durmaz","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2022-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2022-010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of gestational weight gain on total oxidative stress (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), dietary antioxidant intake, and the gut microbiome. The study was carried out on 40 pregnant women divided as follows: a) normal prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain of 11.5-16.0 kg (n=10) b) normal prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain of >16.0 kg (n=10) c) obese before pregnancy and gestational weight gain of 5-9 kg (n=10) and d) obese before pregnancy and gestational weight gain of >9.0 kg (n=10). Serum TOS and TAC levels, dietary antioxidant intake, and microbiome diversity of the gut microbiome were evaluated during the third trimester of pregnancy. A positive correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) in the third trimester and serum TOS levels and OSI. In women with normal prepregnancy weight, an increase in the <i>Firmicutes</i> and <i>Bacteroidetes</i> phyla was observed when gestational weight gain was above the recommended values (p<0.05). In women who were obese before pregnancy, an increase only in the <i>Bacteroidetes</i> phylum was observed when gestational weight gain was above the recommended values (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between <i>Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes</i> and OSI, and a negative correlation was found between <i>Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes</i> and dietary antioxidant intake (p<0.05). Prepregnancy body weight, high serum TOS level, and dietary antioxidant intake are determinant factors for microbial diversity, with increased serum TOS levels caused by increased gestational weight gain.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/5c/bmfh-41-160.PMC9533027.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40339578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In silico</i> analysis of bacterial metabolism of glutamate and GABA in the gut in a rat model of obesity and type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Khalid S Ibrahim,&nbsp;Nowara Bourwis,&nbsp;Sharron Dolan,&nbsp;John A Craft","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2021-075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2021-075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has adverse effects on host health. This study aimed to determine the effects of changes of faecal microbiota in obese and diabetic rats on the imputed production of enzymes involved in the metabolism of glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and succinate. The levels of glutamate decarboxylase, GABA transaminase, succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, and methylisocitrate lyase were reduced or absent in diabetic rats compared with controls and obese rats. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was significantly reduced in obese rats compared with control rats, while the other enzymes were unaltered; different bacterial taxa are suggested to be involved. Levels of bacterial enzymes were inversely correlated with the blood glucose level. These findings suggest that the absence of GABA and reduced succinate metabolism from gut microbiota contribute to the diabetic state in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a4/99/bmfh-41-195.PMC9533029.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40337653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}