Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health最新文献

{"title":"Association of gut microbiota and inflammatory markers in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: post hoc analysis of a synbiotic interventional study.","authors":"Yukiko Sugawara,&nbsp;Akio Kanazawa,&nbsp;Masanori Aida,&nbsp;Yasuto Yoshida,&nbsp;Yuichiro Yamashiro,&nbsp;Hirotaka Watada","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2021-081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2021-081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic inflammation caused by gut dysbiosis is associated with the pathophysiology of metabolic disease. Synbiotics are useful for ameliorating gut dysbiosis; however, it remains unclear what types of bacteria act as key markers for synbiotic-driven improvement of chronic inflammation. Here, we performed a post hoc analysis of a 24-week randomized controlled study using synbiotics to investigate the association between gut microbiota and inflammatory markers. We characterized the responders who showed lower interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in response to synbiotic supplementation among 86 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In our baseline analysis, the relative abundances of <i>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</i> and <i>Alistipes onderdonkii</i> correlated positively with IL-6, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) levels. The relative abundance of <i>Eubacterium rectale</i> correlated positively with LBP and Hs-CRP levels, and that of <i>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i> correlated positively with LBP levels. Based on our responder analysis, patients with higher body mass indices (over 30 kg/m² on average), low abundances of <i>Bacteroides caccae</i> and <i>Parabacteroides merdae</i> at baseline and 24 weeks, and minimal changes in the relative abundance of <i>E. rectale</i> and Shannon index from baseline showed decreased IL-6 levels compared with baseline. However, glycemic control in responders was unchanged. In conclusion, we identified four bacterial species (<i>B. adolescentis</i>, <i>A. onderdonkii</i>, <i>E. rectale</i>, <i>and B. thetaiotaomicron</i>) related to chronic inflammation and predictive markers (<i>B. caccae, P. merdae,</i> and severity of obesity) in responders to synbiotic supplementation among obese patients with type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/02/b9/bmfh-41-103.PMC9246418.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40519808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth of various obligate and facultative anaerobic intestinal bacteria in cell culture medium under aerobic and anaerobic culture conditions.","authors":"Toshifumi Ohkusa,&nbsp;Shigeo Koido,&nbsp;Sankichi Horiuchi,&nbsp;Shin Kan,&nbsp;Zensho Ito,&nbsp;Yuriko Nishikawa,&nbsp;Nobuhiro Sato","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2021-065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2021-065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eight bacterial strains were used in this study to examine the survival of intestinal bacteria in immune cell cultures under aerobic and anaerobic culture conditions. With the addition of penicillin G and streptomycin, viable <i>Clostridium clostridioforme</i> and <i>Fusobacterium varium</i> cells did not decrease after 6 or 24 hr, even under aerobic conditions. Without antibiotics, eight bacterial strains did not decrease until 4 or 6 hr later, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. <i>Escherichia coli</i> numbers increased by more than 10 times under both conditions. In order to examine the effects of live gut bacteria on various immune cells, the viability of bacteria should be checked in cell culture media and under different conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"41 3","pages":"145-148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4d/57/bmfh-41-145.PMC9246421.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40519809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of gestational weight gain on serum total oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota.","authors":"Tuğba Küçükkasap Cömert,&nbsp;Funda Akpinar,&nbsp;Salim Erkaya,&nbsp;Bengül Durmaz,&nbsp;Riza Durmaz","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2022-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2022-010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of gestational weight gain on total oxidative stress (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), dietary antioxidant intake, and the gut microbiome. The study was carried out on 40 pregnant women divided as follows: a) normal prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain of 11.5-16.0 kg (n=10) b) normal prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain of >16.0 kg (n=10) c) obese before pregnancy and gestational weight gain of 5-9 kg (n=10) and d) obese before pregnancy and gestational weight gain of >9.0 kg (n=10). Serum TOS and TAC levels, dietary antioxidant intake, and microbiome diversity of the gut microbiome were evaluated during the third trimester of pregnancy. A positive correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) in the third trimester and serum TOS levels and OSI. In women with normal prepregnancy weight, an increase in the <i>Firmicutes</i> and <i>Bacteroidetes</i> phyla was observed when gestational weight gain was above the recommended values (p<0.05). In women who were obese before pregnancy, an increase only in the <i>Bacteroidetes</i> phylum was observed when gestational weight gain was above the recommended values (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between <i>Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes</i> and OSI, and a negative correlation was found between <i>Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes</i> and dietary antioxidant intake (p<0.05). Prepregnancy body weight, high serum TOS level, and dietary antioxidant intake are determinant factors for microbial diversity, with increased serum TOS levels caused by increased gestational weight gain.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"41 4","pages":"160-167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/5c/bmfh-41-160.PMC9533027.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40339578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In silico</i> analysis of bacterial metabolism of glutamate and GABA in the gut in a rat model of obesity and type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Khalid S Ibrahim,&nbsp;Nowara Bourwis,&nbsp;Sharron Dolan,&nbsp;John A Craft","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2021-075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2021-075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has adverse effects on host health. This study aimed to determine the effects of changes of faecal microbiota in obese and diabetic rats on the imputed production of enzymes involved in the metabolism of glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and succinate. The levels of glutamate decarboxylase, GABA transaminase, succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, and methylisocitrate lyase were reduced or absent in diabetic rats compared with controls and obese rats. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was significantly reduced in obese rats compared with control rats, while the other enzymes were unaltered; different bacterial taxa are suggested to be involved. Levels of bacterial enzymes were inversely correlated with the blood glucose level. These findings suggest that the absence of GABA and reduced succinate metabolism from gut microbiota contribute to the diabetic state in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"41 4","pages":"195-199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a4/99/bmfh-41-195.PMC9533029.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40337653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creatine supplementation enhances immunological function of neutrophils by increasing cellular adenosine triphosphate.","authors":"Suguru Saito,&nbsp;Duo-Yao Cao,&nbsp;Alato Okuno,&nbsp;Xiaomo Li,&nbsp;Zhenzi Peng,&nbsp;Musin Kelel,&nbsp;Noriko M Tsuji","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2022-018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2022-018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Creatine is an organic compound which is utilized in biological activities, especially for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in the phosphocreatine system. This is a well-known biochemical reaction that is generally recognized as being mainly driven in specific parts of the body, such as the skeletal muscle and brain. However, our report shows a novel aspect of creatine utilization and ATP synthesis in innate immune cells. Creatine supplementation enhanced immune responses in neutrophils, such as cytokine production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, phagocytosis, and NETosis, which were characterized as antibacterial activities. This creatine-induced functional upregulation of neutrophils provided a protective effect in a murine bacterial sepsis model. The mortality rate in mice challenged with <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 was decreased by creatine supplementation compared with the control treatment. Corresponding to this decrease in mortality, we found that creatine supplementation decreased blood pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and bacterial colonization in organs. Creatine supplementation significantly increased the cellular ATP level in neutrophils compared with the control treatment. This ATP increase was due to the phosphocreatine system in the creatine-treated neutrophils. In addition, extracellular creatine was used in this ATP synthesis, as inhibition of creatine uptake abolished the increase in ATP in the creatine-treated neutrophils. Thus, creatine is an effective nutrient for modifying the immunological function of neutrophils, which contributes to enhancement of antibacterial immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"41 4","pages":"185-194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5e/ef/bmfh-41-185.PMC9533032.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40337652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Average gut flora in healthy Japanese subjects stratified by age and body mass index","authors":"N. Yoshida, S. Watanabe, Hiroyuki Yamasaki, Hajime Sakuma, Aya K Takeda, T. Yamashita, K. Hirata","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2021-056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2021-056","url":null,"abstract":"Imbalance of the gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Although many clinical studies have analyzed the gut microbiota, the definition of normal gut microbiota remains unclear. In this study, we aim to establish the average gut microbiota in the healthy Japanese population. Using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, we analyzed gut microbial data from fecal samples obtained from 6,101 healthy Japanese individuals. Based on their ages, the individuals were divided into three groups: young, middle-age, and old. Individuals were further categorized according to body mass index (BMI) into lean, normal, and obese groups. The α and β diversities in the old group were significantly higher than those in the young and middle-age groups. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of subjects in the obese category was significantly lower compared with those of subjects in the lean and normal categories in the young and middle-age groups. Genus Bacteroides was the dominant gut microbiota across all the BMI categories in all the age groups. Among the top ten genera, the abundances of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Anaerostipes, Blautia, Dorea, Fusicatenibacter, Lachnoclostridium, and Parabacteroides were significantly lower in the old group than in the young and middle-age groups. The correlation network at the genus level revealed different microbe-microbe interactions associated with age and BMI. We determined the average Japanese gut microbiota, and this information could be used as a reference. The gut microbiota greatly differs based on the life stage and metabolic status of the host, and this gives rise to a variety of host–gut microbe interactions that can lead to an increased susceptibility to disease.","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"45 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85355634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridium butyricum therapy for mild-moderate Clostridioides difficile infection and the impact of diabetes mellitus","authors":"Jen-Chieh Lee, Chun-Wei Chiu, P. Tsai, Ching-Chi Lee, I. Huang, W. Ko, Y. Hung","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2021-049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2021-049","url":null,"abstract":"The therapeutic effect of Clostridium butyricum for adults with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) was investigated. A retrospective study was conducted in medical wards of Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, between January 2013 and April 2020. The disease severity of CDI was scored based on the Clinical Practice Guidelines of the IDSA/SHEA. Treatment success was defined as the resolution of diarrhea within six days of a therapeutic intervention without the need to modify the therapeutic regimen. In total, 241 patients developed CDI during hospitalization in the study period. The treatment success rates for the 99 patients with mild-moderate CDI among them were as follows: metronidazole, 69.4%; C. butyricum, 68.2%; metronidazole plus C. butyricum, 66.7%; and oral vancomycin, 66.7% (p=1.00). Patients with treatment success were less likely to have diabetes mellitus than those with treatment failure (38.2% vs. 61.3%, p=0.05). Patients treated with C. butyricum alone or in combination with metronidazole had shorter durations of diarrhea than those treated with metronidazole alone (3.1 ± 2.0 days or 3.5 ± 2.4 days vs. 4.2 ± 3.5 days; p=0.43 or 0.71), although the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the treatment success rate of C. butyricum alone or in combination with metronidazole for patients with CDI was non inferior to that of metronidazole alone. The presence of diabetes mellitus in affected individuals is a risk factor for treatment failure.","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"85 1","pages":"37 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82407261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation as a new treatment for canine inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Ayaka Niina,&nbsp;Ryoko Kibe,&nbsp;Ryohei Suzuki,&nbsp;Yunosuke Yuchi,&nbsp;Takahiro Teshima,&nbsp;Hirotaka Matsumoto,&nbsp;Yasushi Kataoka,&nbsp;Hidekazu Koyama","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2020-049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2020-049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In human medicine, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for recurrent <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection. It has also been tested as a treatment for multiple gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, only a few studies have focused on the changes in the microbiome following FMT for canine IBD. Here, we performed FMT in nine dogs with IBD using the fecal matter of healthy dogs and investigated the subsequent changes in the fecal microbiome and clinical signs. In three dogs, the fecal microbiome was examined by 16S rRNA sequencing. Fusobacteria were observed at a low proportion in dogs with IBD. However, the post-FMT microbiome became diverse and showed a significant increase in Fusobacteria proportion. <i>Fusobacterium</i> was detected in the nine dogs by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The proportion of <i>Fusobacterium</i> in the post-FMT fecal microbiome was significantly increased (p<0.05). The changes in clinical signs (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss) were evaluated according to the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index. The score of this index significantly decreased in all dogs (p<0.05) with improvements in clinical signs. These improvements were related to the changes in the proportion of microbes, particularly the increase in <i>Fusobacterium</i>. The dogs with IBD showed a lower proportion of <i>Fusobacterium</i> than healthy dogs. This suggests that a low proportion of <i>Fusobacterium</i> is a characteristic feature of canine IBD and that <i>Fusobacterium</i> is involved in this disease. The results of this study may help elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease and its association with <i>Fusobacterium</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"40 2","pages":"98-104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/10/bc/bmfh-40-098.PMC8099633.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38906255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Alleviation of low-fiber diet-induced constipation by probiotic <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i> G9-1 is based on correction of gut microbiota dysbiosis.","authors":"","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.18-020c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.18-020c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 49 in vol. 38, PMID: 31106107.].</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"40 4","pages":"212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f5/fa/bmfh-40-212.PMC8484007.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39505862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat-killed <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> L-137 attenuates obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities in C57BL/6 J mice on a high-fat diet.","authors":"Rieko Yoshitake,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Hirose,&nbsp;Shinji Murosaki,&nbsp;Goro Matsuzaki","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.2020-040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.2020-040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat-killed <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> L-137 (HK L-137) has anti-allergic, antitumor, and antiviral effects in mice, as well as an anti-inflammatory effect in rats with metabolic syndrome through regulation of immunity. To evaluate the influence of HK L-137 on chronic inflammation in mice with diet-induced obesity, C57BL/6 J mice were fed a normal diet (16% of energy as fat) or a high-fat diet (62% of energy as fat) with or without 0.002% HK L-137 for 4 to 20 weeks. It was found that HK L-137 supplementation alleviated weight gain and elevation of plasma glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate transaminase levels in mice with diet-induced obesity. Expression of several inflammation-related genes, including F4/80, CD11c, and IL-1β, in the epididymal adipose tissue of these mice was significantly downregulated by HK L-137. In addition, plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, a marker of endotoxemia, tended to be decreased by administration of HK L-137. These findings suggest that HK L-137 supplementation ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities and adipose tissue inflammation, possibly through improvement of intestinal permeability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"40 2","pages":"84-91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/20/c8/bmfh-40-084.PMC8099634.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38906253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}