Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health最新文献

{"title":"Toll-like receptor homolog TOL-1 regulates Bifidobacterium infantis-elicited longevity and behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans","authors":"Simo Sun, Yasuko Mizuno, T. Komura, Yoshikazu Nishikawa, E. Kage-Nakadai","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.18-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.18-031","url":null,"abstract":"Bifidobacterium infantis, a Gram-positive bacterium, is one of the commonly used probiotics. We previously showed that B. infantis modified host defense systems and extended the lifespan of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In the present study, we showed that the lifespan extension caused by B. infantis was enhanced in animals having a mutation in the tol-1 gene that encodes the sole C. elegans homolog of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Meanwhile, lifespan increased by other probiotic bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis or Clostridium butyricum, was not affected in the tol-1 mutant animals. A microarray analysis revealed that the expression of innate immune response-related genes was significantly increased in the tol-1 mutant. Worms with the tol-1 mutation exhibited reduced leaving behavior from the B. infantis lawn, while canonical downstream factors trf-1/TRAF and ikb-1/IκB appeared to not be involved. In conclusion, C. elegans tol-1/TLR regulates B. infantis-induced longevity and also regulates behavior against B. infantis.","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"168 1","pages":"105 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81740607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constitutive expression of phosphoketolase, a key enzyme for metabolic shift from homo- to heterolactic fermentation in Enterococcus mundtii QU 25","authors":"Keisuke Nabeta, Satoru Watanabe, T. Chibazakura, T. Zendo, K. Sonomoto, M. Shimizu-Kadota, H. Yoshikawa","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.18-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.18-030","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphoketolase (PK) is responsible for heterolactic fermentation; however, the PK gene of Enterococcus mundtii QU 25, xfpA, is transcribed constitutively, even under homolactic fermentation conditions. In order to deduce the regulatory mechanisms of PK activity in QU 25, XfpA levels in QU 25 cells under hetero- and homolactic fermentation conditions were tested using western blotting. The results showed that the XfpA protein expression was similar under both conditions and that the expression products formed complexes, most likely homodimers, indicating that the regulation of PK activity is downstream of translation.","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"71 1","pages":"111 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86375999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of gut microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: pathways of mechanisms","authors":"C. Jasirwan, C. Lesmana, I. Hasan, A. Sulaiman, R. Gani","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.18-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.18-032","url":null,"abstract":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Its prevalence increases with increasing rates of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. The pathogenesis of NAFLD involves many factors, including the gastrointestinal microbiota. However, there is still debate about the impact of gut dysbiosis in the NAFLD disease progression. Therefore, this paper aims to review the relationship between gut microbiota and other risk factors for NAFLD and how gut dysbiosis plays a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Hopefully, this paper can make an appropriate contribution to the development of NAFLD research in the future.","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"14 1","pages":"81 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73709244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is primary prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection possible with combination probiotics in elderly orthopedic patients?","authors":"T. Nagamine","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.19-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.19-001","url":null,"abstract":"Nosocomial deep wound infections are serious complications after orthopedic surgery. Extended postoperative antibiotic treatment leads to a statistically significant and clinically meaningful reduction of surgical site infection [1]. However, antibiotics such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones can disturb gastrointestinal microbiota, which may lead to reduced resistance to pathogens such as Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile) [2]. We had carried out postoperative prophylactic antibiotic treatment mainly with antibiotic-resistant enterococcal probiotics (REP). However, we recently found in a case-control study that combination probiotics may reduce C. difficile infection (CDI) in hip surgery patients [3]. Since then, antibiotic prophylaxis after orthopedic surgery has been performed with combination probiotics including Enterococcus faecium 2×108 CFU/day, Bacillus mesentericus 1×107 CFU/ day, and Clostridium butyricum 5×107 CFU/day. Thus, we compared CDI incidence in hip surgery patients aged over 75 years between before and after the introduction of combination probiotics. The diagnosis of CDI was confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for glutamate dehydrogenase and C. difficile toxins A and B using frozen stool specimens for patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The CDI incidence before the introduction of combination probiotics was 4.2 cases per 10 ,000 patient bed-days, which is as many as in EUCLID (the European, multicentre, prospective biannual point prevalence study of CDI in hospitalized patients with diarrhoea), which reported 7.0 cases per 10, 000 patient bed-days [4]. Surprisingly, the CDI incidence after the introduction of combination probiotics markedly decreased to 0.35 cases per 10 ,000 patient bed-days, while annual consumption of cefmetazole sodium, the main antibiotic agent for prophylaxis usage at our hospital, and the number of hip surgery patients aged over 75 years did not change when compared between before and after the initiation of combination probiotics (Fig. 1). When we administerd antibiotic prophylaxis with R-EP, CDI incidence was the same as in other developed countries. However, since combination probiotics were prescribed routinely, CDI incidence markedly decreased. Even though the data were observational and without a control group, the data may suggest that primary prevention of CDI with combination probiotics is achievable. In an in vivo study, R-EP should less viability and a weeker reduction of luminal pH than conventional enterococcal probiotics (C-EP) due to different utilization of carbohydrates [5]. Moreover, the survival rate of C. butyricum in the presence of antibiotic substances is very high because of its spore-forming effect. A recent experimental study using a new nonlethal diarrheal rat CDI model indicated that C. butyricum exerted a CDIpreventive effect due to suppression of toxin production or toxin activity [6]. In conclusion, the annual CDI i","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"73 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83086336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppressive effect of dietary resistant maltodextrin on systemic immunity in a mouse model of food allergy","authors":"S. Miyazato, Masato Tsuda, Y. Kishimoto, A. Hosono","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.18-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.18-025","url":null,"abstract":"Resistant maltodextrin (RMD) is a soluble dietary fibre that exerts several physiological functions as a result of its microbial degradation and changes in the intestinal environment. It has been reported that RMD enhanced immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion, which protects the mucosa from foreign substances. However, the effect of RMD on excessive immunity has yet to be investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of RMD on excessive immune responses such as food allergy. OVA23-3 mice were fed an AIN-76-based diet containing 20% egg-white protein with or without RMD. While RMD was shown to contribute to an increase in goblet cells, RMD did not change the overall inflammatory status when ingested with the egg-white diet. RMD suppressed IL-4 and IL-10 production from splenocytes but not cells from mesenteric lymph nodes. RMD also downregulated the serum levels of OVA-specific Th1- and Th2-related antibodies, which were elevated in the food-allergic condition. RMD significantly increased the total amount of short-chain fatty acids, especially acetate and propionate, in the caecum of OVA23-3 mice fed the egg-white diet. Our study demonstrated that dietary RMD modulates systemic rather than intestinal antigen-specific immune responses in the food-allergic condition of OVA23-3 mice. Although the relevant mechanism has yet to be investigated, RMD shows potential for alleviating food allergy through adjustment of systemic immunity.","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"30 1","pages":"89 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88051734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional characteristics of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> group strains isolated from two kinds of Japanese post-fermented teas, Ishizuchi-kurocha and Awa-bancha.","authors":"Masanori Horie,&nbsp;Hiroaki Sato,&nbsp;Atsumi Tada,&nbsp;Sayaka Nakamura,&nbsp;Sakiko Sugino,&nbsp;Yosuke Tabei,&nbsp;Miyuki Katoh,&nbsp;Takahito Toyotome","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.18-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.18-005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Properties of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> group strains isolated from two kinds of Japanese post-fermented teas, Ishizuchi-kurocha and Awa-bancha, were compared. Although lactic acid bacteria isolated from the fermented teas were identified as <i>L. plantarum</i> via homology comparison of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences, classification of <i>L. plantarum</i> based on ribosomal proteins showed that the strains isolated from Ishizuchi-kurocha and Awa-bancha were different. According to classification by the ribosomal protein typing, Ishizuchi-kurocha-derived strains belong to the same group as <i>L. plantarum</i> subsp. <i>plantarum</i> JCM 1149^T. Awa-bancha-derived strains were assigned to a different group. This pattern was also applicable to strains isolated more than 10 years ago. A further analysis based on <i>recA</i> and a <i>dnaK</i> gene showed that Awa-bancha-derived strains were closely related to <i>L. pentosus</i>. The interactions with cultured cells were different between strain JCM 1149^T and the Ishizuchi-kurocha-derived strains. The Ishizuchi-kurocha-derived strains showed strong adhesion to Caco-2 cells. In contrast, strain JCM 1149^T and the Awa-bancha-derived strains hardly adhered to Caco-2 cells. According to the ribosomal protein typing, sugar utilization, and interaction with Caco-2 cells, although these properties were dependent on the strain strictly speaking, the <i>L. plantarum</i> group strains in this study can be subdivided into two groups: (1) type strain JCM 1149^T and Ishizuchi-kurocha-derived strains and (2) Awa-bancha-derived strains. A regionally unique microorganism may persist in each traditional fermented drink.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/bmfh.18-005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36916958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination probiotics may prevent <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection among elderly patients undergoing an orthopedic surgery.","authors":"Takahiko Nagamine,&nbsp;Yoshinobu Matsumoto,&nbsp;Masaru Nakamura","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.18-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.18-009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection (CDI) is greater in elderly orthopedic patients. We conducted a retrospective case-control study by selecting elderly patients who underwent proximal femoral fracture surgery to investigate the effect of probiotics on CDI prevention. Cases were diagnosed with CDI by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for <i>C. difficile</i> toxins using frozen stool specimens. The primary method of exposure was receipt of combination probiotics such as <i>Streptococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Bacillus mesentericus</i>, and <i>Clostridium butyricum</i>. The crude odds ratio between developing CDI and receiving combination probiotics was 0.074 (95% CI: 0.010-0.565; p=0.002). Adjunctive combination probiotics among elderly patients who undergo proximal femoral fracture surgery likely reduces the probability of CDI.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"31-33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/bmfh.18-009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36916960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IgA-enhancing effects of membrane vesicles derived from <i>Lactobacillus sakei</i> subsp. <i>sakei</i> NBRC15893.","authors":"Shino Yamasaki-Yashiki,&nbsp;Yuki Miyoshi,&nbsp;Tomoya Nakayama,&nbsp;Jun Kunisawa,&nbsp;Yoshio Katakura","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.18-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.18-015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunoglobulin (Ig) A in the mucus of the intestinal tract plays an important role in preventing the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and regulating the composition of the gut microbiota. Several strains of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to promote intestinal IgA production. Bacteria are also known to naturally release spherical membrane vesicles (MVs) that are involved in various biological functions such as quorum sensing, pathogenesis, and host immunomodulation. However, the production of MVs by LAB and their effects on host immunity remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the MV production by <i>Lactobacillus sakei</i> subsp. <i>sakei</i> NBRC15893 isolated from <i>kimoto</i>, the traditional seed mash used for brewing sake. MVs were separated from the culture broth of <i>L. sakei</i> NBRC15893 through filtration and density gradient ultracentrifugation and were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The MVs showed a spherical morphology, with a diameter of 30-400 nm, and contained proteins and nucleic acids. In addition, both the LAB cells and purified MVs promoted IgA production by murine Peyer's patch cells. This MV- and cell-induced IgA production was suppressed by neutralization of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, which recognizes cell wall components of gram-positive bacteria, using an anti-TLR2 antibody. Collectively, our results indicate that MVs released from <i>L. sakei</i> NBRC15893 enhance IgA production by activating host TLR2 signaling through its cell wall components. Thus, it is important to consider novel interactions between gut microbiota and hosts via MVs, and MVs derived from probiotic bacteria could have promising applications as safe adjuvants.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/bmfh.18-015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36916959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hyperbaric conditions on fecal microbiota.","authors":"Morihiko Oya,&nbsp;Yutaka Tadano,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Takihata,&nbsp;Wakana Murakami,&nbsp;Shigenori Fujii,&nbsp;Kenji Tamai,&nbsp;Yuji Morimoto,&nbsp;Fumitaka Ikomi,&nbsp;Tetsuji Tokunaga","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.18-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.18-016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to determine whether the composition of the fecal microbiota changes under hyperbaric conditions. In this study, we collected fecal samples from 6 healthy divers at three points during deep diving training (before, 2.1 MPa, end). The frequency of <i>Clostridium</i> cluster XVIII tended to be increased after compression. The frequencies of <i>Clostridium</i> cluster IV and subcluster XIVa were inversely correlated with that of <i>Bacteroides</i>. The compositional changes in the fecal microbiota exhibited interindividual variability. These findings suggest that hyperbaric conditions affect the fecal microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"38 1","pages":"35-39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/bmfh.18-016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36916961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of <i>Clostridium</i> cluster XI bacteria in human feces.","authors":"Yuji Ohashi,&nbsp;Tomohiko Fujisawa","doi":"10.12938/bmfh.18-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.18-023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Six species and one group of <i>Clostridium</i> cluster XI, <i>Clostridium sordellii, Clostridium bifermentans, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium hiranonis, Intestinibacter bartlettii,</i> and <i>Romboutsia lituseburensis</i> and the <i>Terrisporobacter glycolicus</i> group, respectively, in human feces collected from 18 healthy adults were analyzed with real-time PCR. Although individual differences were recognized, the predominant colonization of <i>C. sordellii</i> and <i>I. bartlettii</i> in the human large intestine was identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":8867,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health","volume":"38 2","pages":"65-68"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12938/bmfh.18-023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37258373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}