The importance of genetic research on the dominant species of human intestinal indigenous microbiota.

IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-09-10 DOI:10.12938/bmfh.2020-011
Shin Kurihara
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Comparisons of the changes in the gut microbiota and transcriptomes as a result of changes in diet have demonstrated that the regulation of the gene functions of intestinal bacteria is fundamental for the regulation of the intestinal environment. However, the functions of only about half of the genes can be predicted using nucleotide sequences obtained from the metagenomic data of the human gut microbiota. Therefore, the regulation of gut bacterial gene functions is hindered. To resolve this issue, the functions of the genes of intestinal bacteria must be identified. In our previous study, a high-throughput cultivation system was established for the dominant species of indigenous human intestinal microbiota. Using this system, we analyzed the synthesis and transport of polyamines by intestinal bacteria. Comparison of the results with those obtained by in silico analysis indicated the existence of novel polyamine synthetic enzymes and transport proteins. Next, strains with gene deletions and complementation for the polyamine synthetic system of the genus Bacteroides were analyzed. Furthermore, we co-cultured genetically engineered Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis strains to demonstrate the presence of a polyamine synthetic pathway spanning multiple bacterial species. Here, we outline the trends of research using genetically engineered intestinal bacteria and the ripple effects of studies in which intestinal bacteria have been analyzed genetically. Moreover, because studies on intestinal bacteria at the gene level are indispensable for improving our understanding of their regulation, the importance of this research will continue to increase in the future.

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人类肠道原生微生物群优势种遗传学研究的重要性。
通过比较饮食变化对肠道菌群和转录组的影响,我们发现肠道细菌基因功能的调控是肠道环境调控的基础。然而,只有大约一半的基因的功能可以通过从人类肠道微生物群的宏基因组数据中获得的核苷酸序列来预测。因此,肠道细菌基因功能的调控受到阻碍。为了解决这个问题,必须确定肠道细菌基因的功能。在我们之前的研究中,我们建立了一个高通量的培养系统,用于培养本地人类肠道微生物群的优势种。利用该系统分析了肠道细菌对多胺的合成和转运。与硅分析结果的比较表明,存在新的多胺合成酶和转运蛋白。然后,对拟杆菌属多胺合成系统中存在基因缺失和基因互补的菌株进行了分析。此外,我们共同培养了基因工程大肠杆菌和粪肠球菌菌株,以证明存在跨越多种细菌物种的多胺合成途径。在这里,我们概述了使用基因工程肠道细菌的研究趋势以及肠道细菌基因分析研究的连锁反应。此外,由于在基因水平上对肠道细菌的研究对于提高我们对其调控的理解是必不可少的,因此未来这项研究的重要性将继续增加。
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来源期刊
Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health
Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health Immunology and Microbiology-Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
3.20%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (BMFH) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal with a specific area of focus: intestinal microbiota of human and animals, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and food immunology and food function. BMFH contains Full papers, Notes, Reviews and Letters to the editor in all areas dealing with intestinal microbiota, LAB and food immunology and food function. BMFH takes a multidisciplinary approach and focuses on a broad spectrum of issues.
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