Avian Pathology最新文献

{"title":"A retrospective analysis of cystic enteropathy in Alabama broilers.","authors":"Olivia Lockyear, Sonsiray Alvarez-Narvaez, Steven Conrad, Silvia Carnaccini, Laura Huber, Heather Walz","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2651255","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2651255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) is an enteric disease of young chickens with complex aetiopathogenesis. It is often linked to the isolation of multiple virus species and histologically characterized by cystic enteropathy. We investigated the correlation between the detection frequency of avian reovirus, astrovirus, parvovirus, and rotavirus A and the presence of microscopic lesions consistent with cystic enteropathy in 123 broiler chicken submissions to the Alabama State Laboratory System (Auburn, AL, USA). Multi-viral detections were found to be predictive of cystic enteropathy with an increased odds of 4.6 for every additional virus species detection. These results suggest a cumulative effect of enteric viruses on the likelihood of cystic enteropathy. Avian reovirus was frequently associated with cystic enteropathy (59.0% of cases). Next-generation sequencing detected the presence of more than one reovirus strain in seven of the eight tested isolates. Classification into multiple genotypes suggested that genetically diverse avian reoviruses may cause similar clinical signs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":"55 3","pages":"361-371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148052153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2670852","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2670852","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":"55 3","pages":"389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148052167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traumatic skin lesions in commercial broiler breeder hens: prevalence and development during the production period.","authors":"Käthe Elise Kittelsen, Fernanda Tahamtani, Randi Oppermann Moe, Guro Vasdal","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2652452","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2652452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>The prevalence of traumatic skin injuries varies greatly between farms with equal stocking density and the same breeder hybrid.The incidence rate is highest in the first half of the production period.Very few fresh injuries were observed at the end of lay.Flocks with toe-clipped males had numerically fewer injuries.Egg production was suppressed in 55% of hens with unhealed injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":"55 3","pages":"372-379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148052245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a transcriptional map of the turkey adenovirus 3 (TAdV-3) genome.","authors":"Zeinab Aboezz, Hassan M Mahsoub, Ehab El-Nahas, Saad Sharawi, Ayman S El-Habbaa, Gabr F El-Bagoury, Frank W Pierson","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2658512","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2658512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Turkey adenovirus 3 (TAdV-3), <i>Siadenovirus gallopavotertii</i>, historically referred to as turkey haemorrhagic enteritis virus (THEV), causes immunosuppression and haemorrhagic enteritis in turkey poults. Although an avirulent TAdV-3 strain is used as a live vaccine, its immunosuppressive properties remain poorly understood at the molecular level. Here, we employed Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) and Sanger sequencing to generate a transcriptomic map of TAdV-3 in infected MDTC-RP19 cells at 24 h post infection. Using RACE and virus-specific primers, we obtained full-length annotation of 14 out of 23 predicted viral transcripts. Analysis of late structural genes revealed a conserved tripartite leader (TPL) sequence shared across all late transcripts, providing new insights into their transcription start sites, splicing events, and promoter architecture. Additionally, we identified alternative leader exons - for instance, DBP mRNA contains a bipartite leader, whereas <i>Hyd</i> mRNA utilizes the TPL - and observed coordinated 3' end processing via shared polyadenylation signals between certain transcripts (e.g. ORF1 and <i>Hyd</i>). This precise annotation of TAdV-3 mRNAs lays the groundwork for linking transcript structure to protein function, enhancing our understanding of TAdV-3's immunosuppressive strategies and informing future development of TAdV-3 based gene delivery platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"380-388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimentally induced lesions of an emerging pathogenic strain of <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum in broiler chicks.","authors":"Eric Santos Oliveira, Marcelo Coelho Lopes, Maira Dos Santos Carneiro Lacerda, Luana Ferreira Marques Cordeiro, Gabriela Ávila Duarte, Jordana Pinto de Lima, Letícia Cury Rocha Veloso Arantes, Victória Veiga Alves, Carlos Eduardo Bastos Lopes, Mailson da Silva Teixeira, Raphael Rocha Wenceslau, Nelson Rodrigo da Silva Martins, Oliveiro Caetano de Freitas Neto, Roselene Ecco","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2611148","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2611148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>An emerging highly virulent <i>S.</i> Gallinarum strain caused uncommon respiratory and intestinal lesions.The intranasal route of challenge caused a more severe and systemic disease, with broader organ involvement.The emerging strain targeted novel organs including larynx, trachea, bursa of Fabricius, and bone marrow.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"263-276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146017141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitive exclusion strategies utilizing healthy caecal microbiota impair <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovars colonization in broilers.","authors":"Isis M M Kolososki, Valdinete P Benevides, Heitor L S Rodrigues, Viviane A Ferreira, André L C Rabelo, Murilo C B Santos, Túlio S Lima, Isabella C Campos, Adriana M Almeida, Rafaela L Carvalho, Melissa F F Dix, Thais A Codognotto, Angelo Berchieri Junior, Mauro M S Saraiva","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2630671","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2630671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (NTS) is the second most prevalent foodborne zoonotic pathogen worldwide, which is transmitted through poultry products. Human-infecting serovars exhibit genotypic and phenotypic diversity, which affect bacterial virulence, such as susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains further reduces treatment efficacy, underscoring the need for alternatives in food-producing animals. One promising strategy is the use of competitive exclusion (CE) products, formulated with naturally occurring microorganisms derived from the gut microbiota of healthy adult birds. Although this approach has shown proven efficacy in controlling <i>Salmonella</i>, its application is still limited, primarily due to the incomplete understanding of the specific interactions among pathogen, host, and microbiota. Considering this scenario, we compared three CE products formulated under distinct conditions (aerobic, anaerobic, and a combination of both), being administered to newly hatched broiler chicks before challenging them with <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium (STM) or <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis (SE), evaluating faecal excretion and caecal colonization. Regarding caecal colonization, the combined formulation conferred the greatest reduction in STM-challenged birds, whereas the aerobic formulation conferred better reduction in SE-challenged birds. Bacterial adhesion factors, mainly associated with <i>Salmonella</i> Pathogenicity Island 10 (SPI-10), were also identified in the SE genome and may have contributed to the observed differences in outcomes. These findings suggest that CE products have the potential to aid in controlling <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in poultry production. Still, their effectiveness likely depends on pathogen virulence factors and the dynamics of the intestinal microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"299-308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative pathogenicity of a virulent field isolate and an NA S122N genetically modified H3N1 avian influenza virus in chickens.","authors":"Krzysztof Śmietanka, Karolina Tarasiuk, Anna Kycko, Edyta Świętoń, Krzysztof Wyrostek, Hui Min Lee, Paul Digard, Erhard van der Vries, Sjaak de Wit","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2613964","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2613964","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) are typically associated with subclinical or mild disease in poultry. However, recent outbreaks involving atypical LPAIV strains, including H3N1 strains like A/chicken/Belgium/460/2019, have demonstrated severe clinical outcomes despite low intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) scores. These findings challenge current classification systems and raise questions about alternative markers of virulence, such as loss of a neuraminidase (NA) glycosylation site linked to plasminogen-binding and haemagglutinin (HA) cleavage. This study compared the pathogenicity of a wild-type H3N1 strain (wtH3N1), isolated from a disease outbreak in Belgium, with a genetically modified, loss-of function variant (mH3N1) carrying a single amino acid substitution (S122N) in NA that blocks plasminogen-dependent cleavage of HA in chickens. Four-week-old pullets and cockerels, and 30-week-old laying hens were inoculated with either wtH3N1 or mH3N1 and clinical signs, egg production, viral replication, <i>post-mortem</i> and tissue pathology were evaluated. Adult hens infected with wtH3N1 showed a complete cessation of egg production, systemic viral replication, and histopathological lesions in the reproductive tract, brain, and kidneys. In contrast, birds infected with mH3N1 displayed only mild, transient reductions in egg production and minimal viral detection. No mortality was observed in any group. All young chickens exhibited subclinical infections. Overall, the S122N mutation significantly attenuated viral virulence and tissue tropism. The study provides functional evidence that position 122 on NA contributes to increased virulence in H3N1 AIV. These findings support the role of molecular markers in risk assessment of non-H5/H7 LPAIVs and highlight the limitations of the current IVPI-based classification system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"277-284"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146017168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of oregano extracts, alone or in combination with other biomolecules, on growth performances and parasitological parameters of broiler chickens challenged with <i>Eimeria</i> spp.: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Safia Yousfi, Chaima Fennouh, Nadjet Amina Khelifi Touhami, Meriem Yasmine Ben Cheikh, Omar Salhi, Nassim Ouchene","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2649368","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2649368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian coccidiosis, caused by <i>Eimeria</i> protozoa, remains a major constraint in poultry production, prompting the search for alternatives to conventional anticoccidial drugs. Phytogenic feed additives, particularly oregano (<i>Origanum vulgare</i>) extracts rich in carvacrol and thymol, have emerged as promising candidates. This meta-analysis assessed the effects of dietary oregano supplementation, used alone or combined with other additives, on performance and parasitological outcomes in broiler chickens experimentally infected with <i>Eimeria</i> species. A systematic search identified eight studies published between 2003 and 2023, providing 16 independent comparisons. Four outcomes were analyzed: body weight (BW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), oocyst output per gram of faeces (OPG), and intestinal lesion scores (LS). Pooled estimates were generated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I² statistic and Q-test, while publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger's regression. Oregano supplementation significantly improved all parameters, with pooled effects of +19.9% for BW, -9.2% for FCR, -27.1% for OPG, and -31.0% for LS. Although heterogeneity was high (I² >90%, <i>P</i> < 0.0001), no significant publication bias was detected (Egger's <i>P</i> > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed result robustness. Overall, oregano extract supplementation (100-300 mg/kg) enhances growth performance and reduces parasitological burden in Eimeria-challenged broilers, supporting its use as a natural alternative, though further studies are needed to optimize dosage and confirm efficacy under commercial conditions. These findings highlight the potential integration of phytogenic additives into sustainable poultry health strategies and encourage large-scale field trials to validate consistency, economic benefits, and long-term impacts on resistance development and animal welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"250-262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous occurrence of hyphaema and <i>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</i>-bacteraemia in free-ranging Swiss laying hens.","authors":"Nadine Idalan, Maher Alsaaod, Marc J A Stevens, Udo Hetzel, Marianne Schneeberger, Sarah Albini","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2647935","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2647935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b>Hyphaema - bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye - as well as <i>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</i> are rare findings in laying hens. In the herein described report, co-occurrence of hyphaema and <i>S. dysgalactiae</i> bacteraemia was found in free-ranging laying hens derived from two consecutive flocks on the same farm, submitted for necropsy in two batches within 7 months. Hyphaema was found bilaterally in seven laying hens and unilaterally in one of the 11 hens submitted to <i>post-mortem</i> examination. In addition, nine hens showed focal dermatitis. The hens had shown non-specific clinical signs such as apathy, disorientation and decreased laying performance. The farmer reported that all clinically affected birds had died. Bacteriological and histological analyses of the eye and liver supported bacteraemia with multiple vascular thrombi and intralesional Gram-positive coccoid bacteria identified as <i>S. dysgalactiae</i>. Complete genome-based clustering showed that the outbreak strains of <i>S. dysgalactiae</i> cluster most closely with two strains isolated from pigs and one strain from a rhinoceros, but no data were available for other avian strains. The source of the infection was not identified. It is thus unknown whether the herein described laying hens were infected by a strain originating from their skin flora or by strains arising from other animals such as free-ranging birds. Direct or indirect contact between the hens and pigs or cows on the pullet farm could not be excluded.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"332-342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the aetiology and presentation of stunting diseases in broiler chickens.","authors":"Shen-Yuan Hsieh, Pauline M Sheridan, Victoria J Smyth, Ilias Kyriazakis","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2632916","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2632916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Specificity of histological lesions is key to differentiating broiler stunting syndromes.Differences are seen in the peak age of occurrence of different stunting diseases.Virus co-infection may play a role in stunting and may cause mixed stunted cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"233-249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147269735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}