Avian Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Development of the first specific real-time PCR TaqMan assay for fowl adenovirus serotype 11 diagnosis.","authors":"Amina Kardoudi, Fellahi Siham, Allaoui Abdelmounaaim, Kichou Faouzi, Ouchhour Ikram, Charifa Drissi Touzani, Jackson Thomas, Benani Abdelouaheb","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2642634","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2642634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Development of the first specific real-time PCR TaqMan assay for FAdV-11 detection, quantification, and genotyping in one reaction.Excellent linearity (R² = 0.995) and analytical sensitivity of 10 copies/µl.Specific amplification of FAdV-11 with no cross-reactivity with other FAdV serotypes or avian pathogens.Clinical validation on IBH field samples showed perfect concordance with sequencing results.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of oregano extracts, alone or in combination with other biomolecules, on growth performances and parasitological parameters of broiler chickens challenged with <i>Eimeria</i> spp.: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Safia Yousfi, Chaima Fennouh, Nadjet Amina Khelifi Touhami, Meriem Yasmine Ben Cheikh, Omar Salhi, Nassim Ouchene","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2649368","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2649368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian coccidiosis, caused by <i>Eimeria</i> protozoa, remains a major constraint in poultry production, prompting the search for alternatives to conventional anticoccidial drugs. Phytogenic feed additives, particularly oregano (<i>Origanum vulgare</i>) extracts rich in carvacrol and thymol, have emerged as promising candidates. This meta-analysis assessed the effects of dietary oregano supplementation, used alone or combined with other additives, on performance and parasitological outcomes in broiler chickens experimentally infected with <i>Eimeria</i> species. A systematic search identified eight studies published between 2003 and 2023, providing 16 independent comparisons. Four outcomes were analyzed: body weight (BW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), oocyst output per gram of faeces (OPG), and intestinal lesion scores (LS). Pooled estimates were generated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I² statistic and Q-test, while publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger's regression. Oregano supplementation significantly improved all parameters, with pooled effects of +19.9% for BW, -9.2% for FCR, -27.1% for OPG, and -31.0% for LS. Although heterogeneity was high (I² >90%, <i>P</i> < 0.0001), no significant publication bias was detected (Egger's <i>P</i> > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed result robustness. Overall, oregano extract supplementation (100-300 mg/kg) enhances growth performance and reduces parasitological burden in Eimeria-challenged broilers, supporting its use as a natural alternative, though further studies are needed to optimize dosage and confirm efficacy under commercial conditions. These findings highlight the potential integration of phytogenic additives into sustainable poultry health strategies and encourage large-scale field trials to validate consistency, economic benefits, and long-term impacts on resistance development and animal welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in farms with chickens immunized with Massachusetts vaccines alone or combined with 793B serotype.","authors":"Ariel Eduardo Vagnozzi, Rocio Del Carmen Gerez Miranda, Valeria Olivera, Gustavo Asenzo, Daniela Cordara, Sebastián Di Giacomo, Cecilia Ferrufino, Eliza Pozzobon, Fernando Timo","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2663952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2663952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Abstract</b>Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) remains a major challenge for poultry production due to its genetic diversity and rapid evolution under vaccination pressure. This study evaluated how changes in vaccination strategy affect IBV lineage dynamics in commercial broiler farms using a sentinel-bird model. Six farms were monitored over two consecutive years. During the first survey (Y1), broilers were vaccinated with a combination of Massachusetts (GI-1) and 793B (GI-13) strains, whereas during the second survey (Y2) vaccination was restricted to Massachusetts alone. Non-vaccinated sentinel birds placed within vaccinated flocks were sampled at different time-points for IBV detection, genotyping, and serology. Overall IBV detection reached 65%, with GI-1, GI-13, and GI-16 lineages identified. In Y2, after withdrawal of the 793B vaccine, a significant expansion of the field strain GI-16 was observed (p < 0.0001), with widespread distribution across farms, while GI-13 continued to circulate despite cessation of its use. GI-1 was primarily associated with respiratory tissues (p = 0.003), whereas GI-16 showed increased detection in lymphoid tissues and older birds. Mixed infections and elevated antibody titers indicated ongoing viral circulation. These findings indicate that changes in vaccination strategy are associated with alterations in IBV lineage distribution, highlighting the importance of aligning vaccination strategies with circulating field strains and supporting continuous molecular surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and vaccination studies reveal feather viral load as a potential biomarker for individual and flock-level protection against Marek's disease in chicken.","authors":"Hector Marina, Richard I Bailey, Jody Mays, Marie Ithurbide, Margo Chase-Topping, Hans Cheng, John R Dunn, Andrea Doeschl-Wilson","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2661686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2661686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marek's disease (MD) remains a major threat to poultry, despite control efforts through biosecurity, vaccination, and genetic selection. Marek's disease virus (MDV), the causative agent, continues to persist and evolve to increased virulence, indicating that current measures are suboptimal. While vaccination-even with 'leaky' vaccines-has been shown to reduce MD symptoms and mortality at the flock level by decreasing virus shedding, it is unclear whether genetic resistance offers similar indirect protection. Using natural transmission experiments in inbred layer chickens, we compared the effects of vaccination and genetic resistance, defined by reduced tumour incidence and increased survival, on virus shedding and MD outcomes in both virus-inoculated shedder birds and unvaccinated MD susceptible contact birds. Shedder birds with genetic or vaccine-mediated resistance were less likely to develop disease and die, but only vaccinated shedders showed significantly reduced feather viral load (FVL). Nearly all contact birds became infected, suggesting that neither genetic resistance nor vaccination prevented transmission. However, significant reductions in symptomatic MD incidence and mortality were only observed in contacts exposed to vaccinated shedders. Exposure timing relative to shedders' infection time also influenced contact outcomes. Process analyses and dose-response curves revealed that higher shedder or group mate FVL correlated strongly with MD incidence and mortality and shedding in contact birds. FVL emerged as a promising indicator for both individual and flock-level protection and could serve as a useful phenotype for future breeding and vaccination strategies aimed at reducing MDV transmission and limiting virulence evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poultry erysipelas - a case series from 1998-2023, highlighting diagnostic features, farmer interventions and molecular epidemiology.","authors":"Helena Eriksson, Robert Söderlund, Eva Wattrang, Désirée S Jansson","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2645839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2645839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Erysipelas is an important differential diagnosis of severe viral diseases.Most of the outbreaks occurred in organic and free-range laying hen flocks.Pre-enrichment or selective culture is useful in case of suspected co-infection.Isolates from temporally clustered outbreaks on a farm are often clonal.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak dynamics of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b euBB, in black-headed gulls and common terns in Germany in 2023.","authors":"Ulrich Knief, Ann Kathrin Ahrens, Valerie Allendorf, Carla J Behringer, Justine Bertram, Sandra Bouwhuis, Wolfgang Fiedler, Anja Globig, Anne Günther, Christof Herrmann, Sascha Knauf, Dominik Marchowski, Simon Piro, Anne Pohlmann, Robert E Rollins, Christoph Staubach, Timm Harder","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2659834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2659834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the winter of 2022/23, the high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype euBB, has caused extensive mortality among wild birds. This genotype emerged in France in spring 2022 through reassortment between a gull-adapted low-pathogenicity virus and HPAIV H5N1. Here, we investigate the spread, virus-related mortality, and population-level impact of genotype euBB in black-headed gulls (<i>Chroicocephalus ridibundus</i>) and common terns (<i>Sterna hirundo</i>) in Germany using phylogeographic analyses, ringing data, and information on spatiotemporal outbreak patterns. Transmission into German breeding colonies involved multiple independent incursions, likely associated with black-headed gulls returning from their wintering grounds in the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. It spilled over into common terns, and led to high adult mortality in both species in 2023 (at least 8,137 black-headed gulls and 614 common terns; > 3% of the breeding population), followed by significant breeding pair declines in 2024 (-16% in black-headed gulls, -6% in common terns). Increased immunity, at least in common terns, may have contributed to the apparent subsequent fade-out of genotype euBB. These findings highlight how integrating ornithological, epidemiological, and virological data can aid our understanding of viral transmission routes and population-level impacts, while also stressing that HPAIV should be added to the growing list of pressures on seabirds, a group that was already the most threatened among all bird taxa globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous occurrence of hyphaema and <i>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</i>-bacteraemia in free-ranging Swiss laying hens.","authors":"Nadine Idalan, Maher Alsaaod, Marc J A Stevens, Udo Hetzel, Marianne Schneeberger, Sarah Albini","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2647935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2647935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b>Hyphaema - bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye - as well as <i>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</i> are rare findings in laying hens. In the herein described report, co-occurrence of hyphaema and <i>S. dysgalactiae</i> bacteraemia was found in free-ranging laying hens derived from two consecutive flocks on the same farm, submitted for necropsy in two batches within 7 months. Hyphaema was found bilaterally in seven laying hens and unilaterally in one of the 11 hens submitted to <i>post-mortem</i> examination. In addition, nine hens showed focal dermatitis. The hens had shown non-specific clinical signs such as apathy, disorientation and decreased laying performance. The farmer reported that all clinically affected birds had died. Bacteriological and histological analyses of the eye and liver supported bacteraemia with multiple vascular thrombi and intralesional Gram-positive coccoid bacteria identified as <i>S. dysgalactiae</i>. Complete genome-based clustering showed that the outbreak strains of <i>S. dysgalactiae</i> cluster most closely with two strains isolated from pigs and one strain from a rhinoceros, but no data were available for other avian strains. The source of the infection was not identified. It is thus unknown whether the herein described laying hens were infected by a strain originating from their skin flora or by strains arising from other animals such as free-ranging birds. Direct or indirect contact between the hens and pigs or cows on the pullet farm could not be excluded.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a Transcriptional Map of the Turkey Turkey adenovirus 3 Genome.","authors":"Zeinab Aboezz, Ehab El-Nahas, Saad Sharawi, Ayman S El-Habbaa, Hassan M Mahsoub, Gabr F El-Bagoury, Frank W Pierson","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2658512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2658512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Abstract</b>Turkey adenovirus 3 (TAdV-3), <i>Siadenovirus gallopavotertii</i>, historically referred to as turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus (THEV), causes immunosuppression and hemorrhagic enteritis in turkey poults. Although an avirulent TAdV-3 strain is used as a live vaccine, its immunosuppressive properties remain poorly understood at the molecular level. Here, we employed Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) and Sanger sequencing to generate a transcriptomic map of TAdV-3 infected MDCTRP-19 cells at 24 hours post infection.Using RACE and virus-specific primers, we obtained full-length annotation of 14 out of 23 predicted viral transcripts. Analysis of late structural genes revealed a conserved tripartite leader (TPL) sequence shared across all late transcripts, providing new insights into their transcription start sites, splicing events, and promoter architecture.Additionally, we identified alternative leader exons-for instance, DBP mRNA contains a bipartite leader, whereas Hyd mRNA utilizes the TPL-and observed coordinated 3' end processing via shared polyadenylation signals between certain transcripts (e.g., ORF1 and Hyd). This precise annotation of TAdV-3 mRNAs lays the groundwork for linking transcript structure to protein function, enhancing our understanding of TAdV-3's immunosuppressive strategies and informing future development of TAdV-3 based gene delivery platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccine-mediated protection: a comparative assessment of eye drop and vent brush vaccination methods.","authors":"Tanjin Tamanna Mumu, Thanh Tien Tran, Stephen W Walkden-Brown, Nicholas M Andronicos, Priscilla F Gerber","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2609583","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2609583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Live attenuated chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccines against infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) are commonly used in long-lived chickens in Australia and generally provide good protection when administered by eye drop (ED). Although vent brush (VB) vaccination provides excellent protection, the associated immune responses are not well characterized. This study compared vaccine-mediated protection conferred by SA2 ILTV vaccine strain administered via ED or VB to 4-week-old layer chicks against a virulent (class 9) challenge 2 weeks after vaccination. No significant differences in ILTV DNA in choanal swabs were observed between vaccinated-challenged and non-challenged groups from 4-11 days post challenge (DPC), indicating that both VB and ED vaccination prevented increases in viral load after challenge, although neither prevented infection. Both vaccination routes resulted in high protection indices against clinical signs after challenge (VB, 99%; ED, 90%) and pathological lesion scores in conjunctiva (VB, 83%; ED, 74%) and trachea (VB, 78%; ED, 69%). The non-vaccinated challenged group exhibited significant over-expression of complement component 5a receptor 1, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, myxovirus resistance 1 (MX1), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in both conjunctiva and trachea at DPC 4, whereas ED- and VB-vaccinated challenged groups displayed similar gene expression profiles, resembling those of vaccinated non-challenged group except for elevated MX1 expression at DPC 4 and 7, and STAT1 expression at DPC 4 in the trachea. In conclusion, VB and ED vaccination conferred equivalent clinical protection with gene expression profiles similar to vaccinated, non-challenged chickens, indicating comparable immunological efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"193-209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of <i>Avibacterium paragallinarum</i>: uncovering novel genotypes in Iranian poultry farms.","authors":"Mohsen Bashashati, Leila Moradi Haghgou, Abbas Nouri, Mohammad Hassanzadeh, Mohammad Abdoshah, Fereshteh Sabouri","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2584352","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2584352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The circulating serotypes/genotypes of avian infectious coryza (AIC) in Iran have not been fully characterized, and disease control in layer and breeder flocks largely relies on imported vaccines. Given the correlation between genotypes and serotypes based on the previously proposed genotyping method, this study aimed to determine the genotypes of 28 Iranian <i>Avibacterium paragallinarum</i> isolates collected over a 7-year period (2018-2025), using sequences of region 1 and the hypervariable region (HVR) of the <i>HMTp210</i> gene. PCR amplification of both regions was performed, and the resulting sequences were analysed alongside reference strains retrieved from GenBank. Two datasets were generated: one based on region 1 (aligned with the Page serotyping scheme) and the other based on concatenated sequences (corresponding to the Kume scheme). Phylogenetic analysis identified five previously known genotypes (I, II, VI, VIII, and IX), corresponding to serovars A-1, A-2, C-4, C-3, and an undetermined Kume serovar, in 24 isolates. Notably, two isolates (AP-20 and AP-28) formed distinct, well-supported phylogenetic clusters and were designated as novel genotypes XV and XVI, respectively. The <i>HMTp210</i> HVR could not be amplified in two additional isolates (AP-17 and AP-18); however, analysis of their region 1 sequences indicated a close relationship to United States non-pathogenic strains. These findings suggest that the currently proposed genotyping scheme may be inadequate for classifying non-pathogenic strains. The circulation of multiple genotypes in Iran underscores the need for continued surveillance and re-evaluation of currently used vaccines, as effective control of AIC requires serotype-specific bacterins in vaccination programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145430397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}