Avian Pathology最新文献

{"title":"International Meetings, WVPA Matters and Announcements.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2476325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2025.2476325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hcp2b of APEC induces mitochondrial damage in chicken DF-1 cells.","authors":"Liting Lu, Zhao Qi, Haiyang Wang, Zhe Chen, Zichao Song, Ziqi Li, Xiaoru Wang, Bingyu Zhao, Xiyang Wei, Ying Shao, Zhenyu Wang, Jian Tu, Xiangjun Song","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2431803","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2431803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The haemolysin co-regulatory protein (Hcp) plays a significant role in the pathogenicity of avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) as an effector protein of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to the host. Meanwhile, mitochondria in the host are the target of effector proteins of various secretion systems. Here, we explored the effects of APEC effector Hcp2b on the mitochondria of DF-1 cells and found that Hcp2b results in damage in mitochondria. Next, 68 target proteins in DF-1 cell lysates were identified that interacted with Hcp2b by streptavidin-biotin pull-down assay combined with LC-MS/MS, among which ADP/ATP transporter carrier (SLC25A4) is a mitochondria-associated protein; protein docking analysis showed that Hcp2b binds well to SLC25A4. Therefore, we hypothesize that the Hcp2b contributes to mitochondrial damage in DF-1 cells through interaction with the SLC25A4.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"325-333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The complexity of the interpretation of ELISA and RT-PCR results in the diagnosis of a reticuloendotheliosis virus infection: an extended case study.","authors":"Andrzej Mamczur, Jaroslaw Wilczyński, Remco Dijkman, Sjaak de Wit","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2435887","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2435887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is a species of the genus <i>Gammaretrovirus</i> that can cause neoplasia, immunosuppression, and runting-stunting syndrome. To show the clinical relevance of REV is complicated, and requires the demonstration of the virus, REV antibodies, the presence of typical gross and microscopic lesions, and the exclusion of other oncogenic agents in the case of the presence of tumours. Under field conditions, the first tests to be used might be a commercially available REV antibody ELISA or an RT-PCR to detect the REV genome. In this short paper, we present the experiences with two commercially available ELISAs and RT-PCR that we have gained from a REV outbreak on a large multi-age layer farm and many follow-up tests on samples from control farms with and without a known history of REV and fowlpox virus (FPV). In the field, some of the FPV field strains contain large inserts of the REV genome that might interfere with REV testing. The results of the ELISAs on sera from REV- and FPV- unsuspected flocks suggested that the cut-offs of both ELISAs were somewhat low resulting in a lower specificity. However, cut-offs of 2000 and 3050 for the IDEXX and BioChek ELISAs, respectively, gave an agreement of 100%, suggesting that these cut-offs might be advisable to use. The use of the combination of RT-PCR for REV and PCR for FPV proved to be very useful in separating REV infections from FPV infections. The results of our extended field study can help to interpret REV testing results.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"334-339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, identification and genetic variation analysis of avian orthoreovirus in commercial broilers in China from 2016 to 2021.","authors":"Feng Wei, Xiaoning Jiang, Xin Xu, Dalin He, Bingrong Wu, Youxiang Diao, Yi Tang","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2435895","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2435895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the last decade, the emergence of variant strains of avian orthoreovirus (ARV) has caused an enormous economic impact on the poultry industry across China and other countries. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular evolution of the ARV lineages detected in Chinese commercial broiler farms. Firstly, ARV isolation and identification of commercial broiler arthritis cases from different provinces in China from 2016 to 2021 were conducted. A total of 51 pure ARV isolates were obtained. Sequencing results showed that there were five genotypes of the strains isolated in this study, of which genotype 1 ARV predominated, accounting for 56.9% (29/51). The whole gene sequences of 19 ARV representative isolates were successfully obtained. The genetic evolution analysis of 10 genome segments of 19 ARV isolates showed that the σC-encoding gene had evolved into six different lineages, while the other genome segments only differentiated into two to four different lineages. The results of recombination analysis showed that recombination events were present in the L3, M1 and S1 genome segments. Analysis of the variation of the key factor σC protein showed that the nucleotide and amino acid homologies of the σC were low among the different genotypes. Three-dimensional structural visualization analysis showed that all the structural changes of σC protein were concentrated in the spherical domain at the C-terminal, which is associated with host receptor binding.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"340-350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142943617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> in birds: a systematic review.","authors":"Xue Qi Soon, Kristene Gedye, Jackie Benschop, Brett Gartrell","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2443952","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2443952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular methods are currently the most sensitive for detecting <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> in birds. Most laboratories have developed their own molecular assays or adapted published protocols, often making slight modifications to fit their specific study purposes. The sensitivity and specificity of a molecular test depend on the target gene, primer sequences, types of molecular test, DNA extraction method, and sampling methods. We reviewed 120 articles published between 2000 and 2020 to compile information on the molecular detection of <i>C. psittaci</i> in birds. Of the ten genomic targets currently available to detect <i>C. psittaci</i> in birds, the <i>ompA</i> gene was the most widely used. In published surveillance studies, of the fourteen molecular test types, conventional PCR and quantitative PCR were applied the most. A testing strategy using a hierarchical approach that includes molecular tests of genus- and species-specific targets is recommended to detect other avian chlamydial species besides the well-recognized <i>C. psittaci</i>. Samples should be sourced from both the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts whenever possible for better accuracy. High-quality DNA can be obtained when the sample is preserved in optimal medium and temperature, and an optimized DNA extraction protocol is applied. Standardization and validation of molecular <i>Chlamydia</i> tests are needed to enhance the comparability and reliability of assays to detect <i>C. psittaci</i> and other chlamydiae species in birds.<b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b>Hierarchical molecular testing is recommended for the detection of avian <i>C. psittaci</i>.Key molecular tests for surveillance were conventional PCR and quantitative PCR.The most used genomic target to detect <i>C. psittaci</i> in birds was the <i>ompA</i> gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"279-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of allicin on ascites syndrome traits and angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene expression in broilers reared in the Mexican highlands.","authors":"Artemio Jovanny Vargas-Galicia, Raúl Argüello-García, Arturo Pro-Martínez, Fernando González-Cerón, Amalio Santacruz-Varela, Horacio Osorio-Alonso, Eliseo Sosa-Montes","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2447284","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2447284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ascites syndrome (AS) is a deadly condition in fast-growing chickens, preceded by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), where the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (ATR1) plays a role. We investigated whether allicin (ALLI), a garlic derivative, could (a) interact with broiler ATR1, (b) affect ascites-related traits [haematocrit content (Hct%), blood oxygen saturation (SaO₂), and the right-to-total ventricular weight ratio (RV:TV)], (c) modify ATR1 expression in the lung, heart, and liver, alongside ascites mortality and growth performance in Ross 308 broilers raised at high altitude and under cold temperatures promoting PAH/AS. Three groups (<i>n</i> = 70 each) were studied: 0-ALLI (untreated), 1-ALLI (allicin 1 mg/kg bodyweight/daily at 14-27 days of age by oral-oesophageal route), and 2.5-ALLI. After 3-6 weeks, Hct%, SaO₂, RV:TV ratios, and ATR1 expression in the lung, heart, and liver, were evaluated. Weekly productive performance and AS mortality were recorded. Molecular dockings and dynamic simulations predicted that ALLI might inhibit broiler ATR1 in a transitory manner. At 42 days of age, birds in the 2.5-ALLI group exhibited lower Hct% and lower RV:TV values, while ALLI marginally enhanced SaO₂. ATR1 expression in the 1-ALLI and 2.5-ALLI groups was higher (i.e. restored) in the lungs and heart, respectively, but not in the liver compared with the untreated group. Productive performance remained unaffected by ALLI, and 2.5-ALLI provided a protection of 4.3% against ascites mortality. In conclusion, 2.5-ALLI mitigated PAH/AS traits in the lungs and heart without compromising broiler productive performance. Further studies adjusting ALLI doses and combinations are warranted.<b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b> Broilers bred at >2000 m OSL and <20°C were treated with 1 or 2.5 mg allicin <i>per os</i>.Allicin at 2.5 mg <i>per os</i> decreased haematocrit and right ventricular hypertrophy.Allicin treatments restored ATR1 expression in the heart and lungs.Productive performance of broilers was not affected by allicin treatments.Allicin is a promising candidate to enhance the quality of poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"371-382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics analysis reveals the effects of high dietary copper on mitochondria-mediated autophagy and apoptosis in spleen of broiler chicken.","authors":"Xin Yi, Huabin Cao, Jianzhao Liao, Wenlan Yu, Guoliang Hu, Zhaoxin Tang, Fan Yang","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2423716","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2423716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Copper (Cu) is a necessary micro-element and plays important roles in many biochemical processes. However, excessive Cu intake can lead to multi-organ toxicity, especially in the spleen. To gain further insights into the specific mechanisms of splenic toxicity associated with Cu-induced metabolic disorders, 192 one-day-old chickens were selected and randomly divided into four groups for this study. The broilers were fed with diets containing Cu at final concentrations of 11, 110, 220 and 330 mg/kg for 49 days. The results showed that high dietary Cu caused nuclear shrinkage and mitochondrial vacuolization in the spleen and induced splenic injury through regulating the glutathione metabolism, pentose and gluconate interconversion, tryptophan metabolism and glycerophosphatidylcholine metabolism pathways. Moreover, excess Cu could disorder the mitochondrial dynamics via up-regulating the levels of Drp1, Parkin PINK1, and Dynein, and down-regulating the levels of Mfn1, Mfn2 and OPA1. Cu treatment increased the levels of LC3A, LC3B, mTOR, Beclin1, and ATG5 and decreased the p62 level to promote autophagy of splenocytes. Meanwhile, a high dose of Cu promoted splenocyte apoptosis by increasing the levels of p53, BAK-1, Bax, Cyt C and Caspase-3 and decreasing the level of Bcl-2. These results demonstrated that high dietary Cu could cause autophagy and apoptosis via inducing metabolic disturbances and disordering mitochondrial dynamics in the spleen of broiler chicken.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"306-316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of infectivity, length of infection, and immune response of avian reovirus variants in egg-laying hens.","authors":"Yi Tang, Haiyang Yu, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir, Carrington Stephenson, Patrica A Dunn, Eva A Wallner-Pendleton, Huaguang Lu","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2425353","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2425353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b>We conducted research studies on avian reovirus (ARV) infectivity in egg-laying hens, focusing on three variants (δC genotypes 2, 3, and 5) detected in layer chickens in Pennsylvania to date. Day-old chicks (Hy-Line North America, LLC, PA), raised at the Poultry Education and Research Center of Penn State University Park campus, showed healthy growth and normal egg production after 20 weeks of age. ARV variants were propagated in Leghorn male-chicken hepatocellular-carcinoma cell cultures, with concentrations measured at TCID₅₀/ml. Each group of 10 hens received a 1.0 ml dose containing 10³-10⁴ TCID₅₀/ml of one ARV variant through oral, nasal, and ocular routes. Infected hens showed normal egg production, with minimal signs of watery droppings in the first-week post-inoculation (pi). Cloacal and oral pharyngeal swabs were collected daily in the first week pi and every other day in the second-week pi to monitor virus shedding. Virus shedding began 24 h pi through faeces, peaked at 2-4 days pi, decreased by 5-7 days pi, and ceased after 12-14 days pi. A few birds' oral pharyngeal swabs were weakly positive for 1-3 days pi, then all turned negative. Infected hens developed high serum and egg yolk antibody titres at 2-3 weeks pi, showing 100% protection against subsequent infections with the same variant strain, demonstrating a 100% protection rate.<b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b>Avian reovirus-infected hens shed virus heavily at 2-3 days post-inoculation.Shedding became minimal after 5-7 days post-inoculation.ARV variants offered 100% protection in hens upon subsequent infections.Infected hens maintained normal egg production with no observable clinical signs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"317-324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-component system UhpAB facilitates the pathogenicity of avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> through biofilm formation and stress responses.","authors":"Lumin Yu, Hui Wang, Xinglin Zhang, Ting Xue","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2442704","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2442704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) is an important zoonotic pathogen that infects avian species by colonizing the gastrointestinal, respiratory, or reproductive tracts, leading to significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide and threatening food security and human health. APEC has evolved the two-component signal transduction system (TCS) to adapt and respond to extracellular environmental stresses, which are produced when the host is invaded by APEC. Here, we focus on the effect of the UhpAB TCS on the pathogenicity of APEC. The results in this study showed that the UhpAB TCS contributed to the pathogenicity of APEC in a chicken infection model. The electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) confirmed that UhpAB specifically bound to the promoters of <i>fepG</i>, <i>ldrD</i>, <i>ycgV</i>, and <i>ydeI</i>, and activated their expression, measured using real-time reverse transcription PCR (real-time RT-PCR). Furthermore, the UhpAB TCS could promote biofilm formation by activating the expression of biofilm master transcriptional regulator encoding gene <i>csgD</i> and enhance stress tolerance by activating the expression of stress protein encoding genes <i>uspA</i> and <i>bhsA</i>, thereby assisting APEC to evade host immune responses and inflammatory responses, and increasing the pathogenicity of APEC. These findings deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism in APEC and offer new perspectives for further studies on the prevention and control of APEC infection.<b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b>UhpAB increases the pathogenicity of APEC.UhpAB activates the expression of virulence genes <i>fepG</i>, <i>ldrD</i>, <i>ycgV</i>, and <i>ydeI</i>.UhpAB promotes biofilm formation and enhances stress tolerance.UhpAB contributes to APEC evading attack by the host immune system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"359-370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Eimeria</i> of chickens: the changing face of an old foe.","authors":"Damer P Blake","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2441180","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2441180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b><i>Eimeria</i> are globally enzootic parasites that can cause coccidiosis in chickens. Until recently, remarkably little had changed over the last 40 years in the fundamental biology that underpins detection and control of <i>Eimeria</i>. Tools such as microscopy and lesion scoring remain central to diagnosis, and control still relies on routine supplementation of diets with anticoccidial drugs or application of live vaccines. However, refocusing on aspects of economics, molecular biology, and bacteriology that relate to coccidiosis has prompted considerable change in dogma. The cost of coccidiosis in chickens has been difficult to define, but updating models created in the 1990s suggested an annual cost to the global poultry industry of £10.4 billion in 2016, rising to a peak of £12.9 billion in 2022 under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and regional wars. Surveillance using genomic sequence-based diagnostics has suggested the presence of three new <i>Eimeria</i> species, supported by subsequent biological characterization of each line. Use of microbiome sequencing pipelines has revealed the breadth of impact <i>Eimeria</i> infection exerts on enteric microbiota, contributing to dysbiosis and deteriorating litter conditions. Enhanced understanding of <i>Eimeria</i> and the consequences of infection can be used to improve control and diagnosis with relevance to productivity and welfare, creating opportunities to optimize anticoccidial drug use.<b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b>The cost of coccidiosis in chickens fluctuates considerably, peaking in 2022.Three new <i>Eimeria</i> species can infect chickens and escape current vaccines.<i>Eimeria</i> infection exerts wide-ranging effects on enteric microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"267-278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}