Avian Pathology最新文献

{"title":"The Q653R substitution in the spike protein is associated with attenuation of a GVI-1 infectious bronchitis virus strain.","authors":"Yusen Tian, Yuanlu Lu, Yiran Zeng, Xiaofei Song, Zijian Dai, Bingchen Qiao, Xifeng Hu, Ni Zhao, Jun Xia, Juan Su, Jihui Ping","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2695132","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2695132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The GVI-1 genotype of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has become increasingly prevalent in Asia. In this study, a highly pathogenic GVI-1 strain (GVI-1-WT) was attenuated by 110 serial passages in embryonated chicken eggs, yielding an attenuated strain (GVI-1-E110). Comparative genomic analysis identified two amino acid substitutions, S523I, Q653R and a nine-amino-acid truncation in the spike (S) protein. To evaluate the contribution of the two point mutations to virulence attenuation, recombinant viruses carrying Q653R and S523I substitutions were generated using a reverse genetics system based on the GVI-1-WT strain as the backbone. Their replication and pathogenicity were assessed in embryonated eggs and specific pathogen-free chickens. The Q653R substitution was associated with reduced viral replication in embryonated chicken eggs and pathogenicity in specific pathogen-free chickens, whereas the S523I mutation alone showed a limited effect but enhanced attenuation when combined with Q653R. However, the attenuation phenotype of the recombinant viruses did not fully recapitulate that of the passaged strain GVI-1-E110, suggesting that additional mutations, including the identified truncation and mutations in replicase-associated genes outside the S protein, may also contribute to virulence attenuation. This study indicates that spike protein mutations are involved in the attenuation of GVI-1 IBV strains, and provides insights into the molecular basis of IBV attenuation during serial passage. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to evaluate their potential relevance for vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"707-721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Escherichia coli</i>-related mass mortality event in rainbow and coconut lorikeets (<i>Trichoglossus</i> spp.) at a zoological park in the Netherlands.","authors":"Hendrickus J J Stemkens, Lise Geerinckx, Jaco Bakker, Jens Leus, Remco A Nederlof","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2725111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2725111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attaching and effacing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (AEEC) are increasingly recognized as causes of enteric and systemic disease in birds. However, large-scale outbreaks in psittacines are seldom reported. We describe a severe AEEC outbreak in a colony of 144 lorikeets (<i>Trichoglossus</i> spp.) in an indoor walk-through zoo enclosure in the Netherlands, which resulted in 75.7% mortality (109/144) and additional mortality in cohabiting species. Affected birds showed nonspecific signs, including lethargy, inappetence, recumbency, and death within 24 h. Necropsy revealed enteritis with intramural and hepatic abscesses, and histopathology confirmed multiorgan inflammation and septicaemia. <i>E. coli</i> was consistently isolated from intestinal and hepatic lesions; PCR and whole genome sequencing identified multiple co-occurring AEEC pathotypes. Nectar feed samples demonstrated contamination and rapid bacterial proliferation, implicating inappropriate feed as the most probable outbreak source. This event represents one of the few documented <i>E. coli</i>-associated mass mortality events in captive psittacines and the first to propose simultaneous circulation of distinct AEEC variants during a single outbreak. The findings highlight the pathogenic potential of AEEC in lorikeets and the need for strict feed hygiene, vector control, and molecular surveillance in zoo biosecurity and One Health contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and pathogenic characterization of a novel infectious bursal disease virus field strain with natural reassortant and recombinant features from southern China.","authors":"Minhui Zhao, Wenbo Zuo, Zhiyong Huang, Ruiyang Kong, Kexuan Fu, Shoumei Zhou, Guoqing Mo, Ying Zhang, Zi Li, Yihai Li, Han Long, Ping Wei, Xiumiao He","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2691163","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2691163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>NN040124 is a novel field-derived IBDV strain (vv-A/att-B) exhibiting both reassortment and recombination events.Infection with NN040124 causes 40% mortality and severe lymphoid depletion in three-yellow chickens.These findings demonstrate the pivotal role of the N-terminal domain of segment B in IBDV pathogenicity and virulence.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"696-706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Live anticoccidial vaccines in the poultry industry: current knowledge, global strategies, technical foundations and future directions.","authors":"Marc Pagès, Martina Dardi","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2678272","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2678272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of live anticoccidial vaccines has increased in the poultry industry in recent years. Historically, these vaccines have been widely used in breeders due to their suitability for long life production cycles. In contrast, their use in short-lived birds was traditionally limited, but this trend has changed significantly. This shift is mainly driven by the growing demand for antibiotic-free production systems (e.g. No Antibiotics Ever (NAE) or Raised Without Antibiotics (RWA) broiler production) and increasing resistance to anticoccidial drugs. The success of live vaccination depends largely on the method of administration and the homogeneous distribution of sporulated oocysts, both of which require careful management to ensure uniform coverage and early intestinal replication in the majority of chicks. Three vaccination strategies are commonly used in broiler production: vaccination as the sole preventive measure; incorporation of vaccines into rotation programmes that alternate with anticoccidials; and combined use of vaccines and anticoccidials within the same flock (bio-shuttle programmes). Future developments in the use of live anticoccidial vaccines are expected to be influenced by several factors, including changes in husbandry practices, expansion of the global poultry market, improvements in vaccine formulations, advancements in the knowledge of host immunity, and innovations in vaccine production. These evolving factors will shape both the design and application of vaccination strategies in the coming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"571-596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147970094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic acids impede <i>Salmonella</i> infection of chicken macrophage-like cell line (HD11) by modulating itaconate gene expression.","authors":"Diana Marcu, Igori Balta, Ozan Gundogdu, Adela Marcu, Todd Callaway, Tiberiu Iancu, Ioan Pet, Ducu Stef, Florica Morariu, Lavinia Stef, Nicolae Corcionivoschi","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2674819","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2674819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most human salmonellosis cases are linked to the consumption of poultry products contaminated with <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium. In poultry, infections cause intestinal inflammation, decreased weight gain, lower egg production, and potential economic losses for the poultry sector. This study examined the effects of a natural antimicrobial mixture (AuraShield, As) on <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium SE10/72 infection of chicken macrophage-like cells (HD11), focusing on infection inhibition, inflammatory response, cell viability, metabolic changes, and oxidative stress. The HD11 macrophage-like cell line was used in three infection scenarios: HD11 cell pretreatment, co-incubation with As, and co-incubation with As-pre-treated bacteria. The results showed that the natural antimicrobial mixture significantly reduced bacterial infection levels in macrophage-like cells without affecting cell viability. Low infectivity rates were also observed, along with a significant reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-β, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10). We have observed that itaconate increases, via <i>Irg</i>1 expression, in HD11 cells exposed to 0.25% As, alongside a significant decrease in the isocitrate lyase (<i>Ace</i>A) gene expression in bacteria. The findings provide insights into the potential use of AuraShield as a feed additive to improve poultry health and resistance against bacterial pathogens, by minimizing <i>Salmonella</i> infection risk and the associated inflammatory response in macrophage-like cells. The observed modulation of metabolic and oxidative stress markers further suggests a multifaceted mode of action, presenting a promising pathway for alternative antimicrobial strategies in poultry health management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"630-641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147970038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broad IBV protection induced by a live IBV-NDV vaccine containing a Mass and Q1 strain.","authors":"Hanneke Bataille, Eveline Boerhout, Luuk Stooker, Marcelo Zuanaze, Sjaak de Wit","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2680998","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2680998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Five vaccination-challenge trials were performed with a live attenuated vaccine which includes an infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Massachusetts strain (H120, GI-1), an IBV Q1 strain (BNF 28/86, GI-16), and a Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cloned strain. The efficacy of the vaccine was tested in maternally-derived antibody-positive (MDA+) commercial layers against challenge with IBV M41, 793B, D388(QX) or Q1 challenge virus. The efficacy of the vaccine was also tested in SPF layers against challenge with IBV M41, D388(QX) or Variant 2 challenge virus. The vaccine was applied at day of hatch, and all challenges were performed at 3 weeks of age. At 5 days post-challenge, the ciliary activity of tracheal explants was examined to determine the level of protection. The level of protection induced by the vaccine in commercial layers against IBV M41, 793B, D388(QX) and Q1 challenge was 91%, 94%, 73% and 84%, respectively. The level of protection in the SPF layers against IBV M41, D388(QX) and Var2 challenge was 89%, 69%, and 96%, respectively. In summary, vaccination with a live attenuated vaccine which includes an IBV Massachusetts strain (H120, GI-1) and an IBV Q1 strain (BNF 28/86, GI-16) provides a substantial level of protection against the homologous and most heterologous challenge viruses, which are representatives of the IBV strains circulating worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"642-647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148429806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated molecular and pathobiological evaluation of three live infectious bursal disease vaccines reveals differential replication, immunogenicity and genetic stability.","authors":"Jan Mohd Muneeb, Irfan Gul, Amreena Hassan, Towseef Akram, Basharat Maqbool Wani, Azmat Alam Khan, Zulfqarul Haq, Shayaib Ahmad Kamil, Riaz Ahmad Shah, Syed Mudasir Ahmad, Nazir Ahmad Ganai, Naveed Anjum Chikan, Mohammad Faizal Abdul Careem, Nadeem Shabir","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2690228","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2690228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Live-attenuated vaccines are widely used for the prevention and control of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in poultry, yet differences in attenuation, replication, and immunogenicity among vaccines remain incompletely characterized. This study comparatively evaluated three live-attenuated IBDV vaccines (Vaccine-A, Vaccine-B and Vaccine-C) using integrated molecular, pathobiological and immunological analyses. Molecular analysis using next-generation sequencing revealed that all vaccines possessed canonical attenuation-associated substitutions (253H, 279N and 284T) in the VP2 hypervariable region, but differed in additional lineage- and virulence-associated residues. Vaccine-A retained several residues characteristic of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV), including 222A, 242I, 256I, 294I, and 299S, whereas Vaccines-B and -C displayed mixed classical and vvIBDV-associated profiles. Notably, Vaccine-C contained a vvIBDV-derived VP1 polymerase. These molecular differences corresponded to distinct <i>in vivo</i> phenotypes. Vaccine-C showed higher and more persistent vaccine-viral RNA levels in the bursa of Fabricius, with greater lymphoid depletion and lesion severity. In contrast, Vaccine-A exhibited lower residual viral RNA levels and milder pathology. All vaccines induced homologous and cross-neutralizing antibody responses, although response kinetics differed. Vaccine-A elicited earlier cross-neutralizing responses, while Vaccine-C generated higher peak titres at later time points. Cytokine profiling showed stronger pro-inflammatory signals with Vaccine-C and higher early type-I interferon expression with Vaccine-A. Under selective pressure in DT40 cells, Vaccine-A lost vvIBDV-associated residues, Vaccine-B accumulated substitutions including N279D, whereas Vaccine-C exhibited moderate VP2 variability. Overall, these findings suggest that vaccine molecular composition may influence viral replication, tissue pathology and immune responses, with Vaccine-A demonstrating a relatively favourable balance between safety and immunogenicity under the present experimental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"661-676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical <i>Salmonella</i> Infantis variants display different shedding and colonization behaviour in broiler chickens and bear the ability to revert to motility.","authors":"Mohammad Alitabar, Victoria Drauch, Christian Kornschober, Liča Lozica, Michael Hess, Claudia Hess","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2691985","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2691985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Four atypical <i>S</i>. Infantis variants differ in the infection dynamics in broilers.Non-motile <i>S.</i> Infantis variants regain motility following host passage.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"677-687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of computer vision to automatically identify behaviours of healthy and disease-challenged male broiler chickens.","authors":"Patricia Soster, Thorsten Cardoen, Camila Lopes Carvalho, Imad Khan, Rutger Smets, Frank Tuyttens, Maarten De Gussem, Isaura Christiaens, Brecht Maertens, Sam Leroux, Pieter Simoens, Gunther Antonissen","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2673115","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2673115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Automated behavioural monitoring may offer opportunities to assess health in broiler chickens. This study aimed to (i) evaluate behavioural changes following challenge with <i>Eimeria</i> spp. and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) combined with avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC), and (ii) characterize patterns across age and time of the day. Across four rounds, 132 Ross 308 broilers were assigned to three groups (control, <i>Eimeria</i>, and IBV+APEC), with four replicate pens of 11 birds each. Challenges were applied on day 14 (<i>Eimeria</i>), 21 (IBV), and 24 (APEC). A total of 12 behaviours were quantified from 10-min video recordings collected every 2 h between 07:00 and 21:00 from days 14 to 41, divided into four periods: period 1 (d14-20), period 2 (d21-27), period 3 (d28-34), and period 4 (d35-41). Behaviour was primarily driven by age. In control birds, locomotion and exploratory/foraging decreased progressively, while sleeping increased; inactivity remained stable. Time-of-day analysis revealed diurnal patterns with higher afternoon/evening activity and lower sleeping compared with morning. Relative to controls, Eimeria-infected birds showed variable drinking and sustained increased locomotion and exploratory behaviour (periods 1-4), representing a non-classical response to intestinal challenge. IBV+APEC-challenged birds exhibited modest changes: decreased inactivity (period 2) and increased panting (period 4), with largely unchanged activity patterns. Disease challenge altered diurnal patterns, with disease-specific effects on circadian-dependent behaviours. These findings highlight the importance of age-specific baselines and the potential of time-of-day-dependent behavioural analyses and circadian markers for detecting disease-related deviations and enabling early disease detection through automated behavioural monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"605-622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147873308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of Marek's disease viruses circulating in small chicken flocks from England and Wales.","authors":"Soumendu Chakravarti, Alex Schock, Steven Fiddaman, Muhammad Abid, David Welchman, Venugopal Nair, Susan Baigent, Yongxiu Yao","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2686653","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2686653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Molecular characterization of MDV strains from British small chicken flocks showed great diversity.Sequencing showed a variety of Meq protein isoforms: standard, long, very long, and very very long.Phylogenetic analysis identified MDV strains similar to those from diverse geographical regions, varying in predicted virulence.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"648-660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}