Avian Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Establishment of an LNA-TaqMan fluorescent quantitative PCR assay for differential diagnosis of virulent and attenuated strains of short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus.","authors":"Su Lin, Xiaoxia Cheng, Shaoying Chen, Shilong Chen, Shao Wang","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2692641","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2692641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To enable differential detection of virulent and attenuated strains of duck short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus (SBDSV), we developed a fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay based on locked nucleic acid (LNA)-TaqMan probes. This assay utilized a pair of universal primers and two strain-specific LNA-TaqMan probes (labelled with FAM and VIC, respectively) targeting the <i>VP1</i> gene of SBDSV. Validation results showed that the assay specifically detected SBDSV virulent and attenuated strains without cross-reacting with other common waterfowl viruses. It exhibited high sensitivity, with a minimum detection limit of 6.0 × 10⁰ copies/μl, and excellent reproducibility, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) all < 3%. Additionally, viral titre estimates from this qPCR assay showed no significant difference from those obtained via the gold-standard 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID₅₀) assay (<i>P</i> > 0.05). In conclusion, this LNA-TaqMan qPCR assay provides a specific, sensitive, and reliable tool for the differential diagnosis of SBDSV virulent and attenuated strains in clinical practice, serving as strong technical support for the prevention, control, and eradication of SBDSV.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"688-695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological survey of domestic pigeons, free-ranging feral pigeons (both <i>Columba livia</i>) and wild common wood pigeons (<i>Columba palumbus</i>) for rotavirus A (RVA) infections in Germany.","authors":"Ole Pietsch, Luisa Fischer, Elisabeth Peus, Franziska Schopf, Florentin Ressel, Laura Pahnke, Ute Ziegler, Dennis Rubbenstroth","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2699977","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2699977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>First serological survey on rotavirus A (RVA) in domestic and wild pigeons.RVA widely distributed (∼80%) in domestic and feral pigeons but not in wild common wood pigeons.Almost all adult domestic pigeons (98.1%) possess anti-RVA antibodies.Antibody titres in vaccinated juvenile pigeons are similar to reconvalescents and adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"734-741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148688378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shotgun metagenomic diagnosis of unidentified pathogens in hepatic necrosis samples from Samgye chickens.","authors":"Yesong Kim, Jae-Kyeom Kim, Moon Her, Hong Sik Kong, Jin-San Moon, Chi Sun Yun","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2674233","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2674233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), and <i>Eimeria</i> spp. are major immunosuppressive pathogens in chickens that predispose host to secondary infections, including <i>Clostridium septicum</i>-associated hepatic necrosis. In this case, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was applied to identify <i>C. septicum</i> that could not be isolated by traditional bacterial culture in Samgye chickens. Six 35-day-old Samgye chicken carcasses were submitted for disease diagnosis; histopathological examination, and bacterial and viral isolation/identification were performed. Pooled liver samples were subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing to identify microbial composition, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance genes. Samgye chickens exhibited dorsal dermatitis, hepatic necrosis, and splenomegaly. Histopathology revealed hepatic necrosis with bacterial colonies and lymphoid depletion. PCR detected CIAV, antigenic variant IBDV, chicken astrovirus, and <i>Eimeria</i>, whereas bacterial culture yielded no growth. Shotgun metagenomic analysis identified <i>C. septicum</i> as the predominant bacterium, and CIAV as the dominant viral pathogen. The <i>α-toxin</i> and the antimicrobial resistance <i>tetA(P)</i> genes were detected in liver samples<i>.</i> This is the first report of concurrent CIAV, antigenic variant IBDV, <i>Eimeria</i> spp., and <i>C. septicum</i> infection from Samgye chickens in South Korea, suggesting that immunosuppressive infections may predispose chickens to <i>C. septicum</i>-associated hepatic necrosis and highlighting the diagnostic utility of shotgun metagenomic sequencing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"623-629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148052201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic characterization and zoonotic potential of G1-Lineage H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Pakistan, 2023.","authors":"Kai-Yun Tan, Nousheen Arshad, Salman L Butt, Sun-Hak Lee, Ye-Ram Seo, Asif M Rana, Bitgoeul Kim, Chung-Young Lee, Dong-Hun Lee","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2699158","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2699158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza A virus has been endemic in poultry populations across Asia and the Middle East, posing ongoing economic and public health concerns. Since their initial detection in Pakistan in the 1990s, H9N2 viruses have caused repeated outbreaks in commercial poultry, leading to substantial economic losses and raising concerns about zoonotic transmission. To characterize the recent genetic evolution and zoonotic potential of circulating strains, five H9N2 isolates were obtained from poultry in Pakistan between January and March 2023. Phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin gene revealed that all five isolates belong to the G5.3.2, formerly known as B2, sub-lineage of the G1 Eurasian lineage, in accordance with the revised global classification system for H9 viruses. Comparative genomic analysis confirmed that all eight gene segments were closely related to previously reported Pakistani strains, with no evidence of recent reassortment, suggesting localized persistence and ongoing genetic drift. Notably, several mammalian-adaptive mutations were identified in internal gene segments of the isolates, suggesting a potential risk of cross-species transmission. In addition, all five isolates exhibited dual receptor-binding characteristics, recognizing both α2,3-linked (avian-type) and α2,6-linked (human-type) sialic acid glycans, with a stronger affinity for α2,6-linked glycans. These findings underscore the need for continuous surveillance and risk assessment of H9N2 viruses circulating in Pakistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"722-733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148688413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of benzoic acid and oregano essential oil on intestinal histomorphology, lesion scores, and tight junction gene expression in mixed <i>Eimeria</i>-challenged broiler chickens.","authors":"Joycy Seiba Khukhodziinai, Pradip Kumar Das, Joydip Mukherjee, Dipak Banerjee, Rubayat Hussain, Ruma Jas, Samiran Mondal, Amlan Kumar Patra","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2706104","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2706104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Combined supplementation of benzoic acid (BA) and oregano essential oil (OEO) performed better than anticoccidial drugs.BA and OEO reduced <i>Eimeria</i> infectivity and faecal scores more than salinomycin in treated chickens.BA and OEO supplementation ameliorated gut structural damage caused by <i>Eimeria</i> infection.BA and OEO upregulated <i>zonula occludens</i>-1 and <i>claudin-1</i> gene expression in the intestine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148547135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathology and distribution of viral antigen in birds naturally infected by West Nile virus lineage 2.","authors":"Franziska Schopf, Martin H Groschup, Christin Ellenberger, Elisabeth van der Grinten, Anja Heinrich, Claudia Kiesow, Melanie Göldner, Patricia Schlieben, Christoph Schulze, Claudia Minkwitz, Dietrich Pöhle, Birgit Stief, Claudia Ulber, Michael Hardt, Antje Meinecke, Claudia A Szentiks, Anke Himmelreich, Denny Böttcher, Reiner Ulrich, Sarah Pfetzing, Ute Ziegler, Christine Fast","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2736549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2736549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b>West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most widely distributed zoonotic arthropod-borne viruses in the world and has been identified as the cause of potentially fatal disease in birds. While the pathomorphology and virus distribution in birds are well documented for WNV lineage 1 (WNV-1) epizootics in North America, few (histo-)pathological and immunohistochemical studies are available for Europe, where WNV lineage 2 (WNV-2) is co-circulating with WNV-1.WNV-2 infected dead birds were evaluated (histo-)pathologically at the German regional veterinary laboratories and academic pathological institutes. Immunohistochemical labelling (IHC) with an in-house rabbit anti-WNV polyclonal antibody (OM8) and subsequent evaluation of IHC signal distribution were performed at the National Reference Laboratory.In total, tissues of 54 birds from 32 different species including first-time descriptions in endangered avian taxa were analysed. Gross and histopathological findings aligned well with previous reports of avian WNV disease and the heart was once more confirmed as a reliable target organ for diagnostics. However, the frequent identification of WNV antigen (Ag) in enteric ganglial neurons and glial cells in several bird species as well as signs of prolonged disease duration in corvids contrasted with earlier findings on the North American continent.In conclusion, this study broadens the range of avian taxa, for which information on pathomorphology and distribution of viral Ag associated with fatal WNV disease is available, and will facilitate diagnostics in the field. Furthermore, some of the described findings differed from the available literature suggesting deviations in the pathogenesis of locally circulating WNV-2 strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian metapneumovirus infections in poultry flocks in Poland - molecular evidence for emerging divergence from vaccine strains.","authors":"Kamila Dziadek, Joanna Sajewicz-Krukowska, Anna Lisowska, Justyna Opolska, Marcin Śmiałek, Katarzyna Domanska-Blicharz","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2723912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2723912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Despite use of aMPV vaccines, clinical signs of disease caused by aMPV infection with field strains were widely reported in poultry production in Poland.The strains detected formed a distinct cluster of \"Polish field strains\".Two complete aMPV-B genomes revealed several non-synonymous mutations, especially in G and SH genes, that may account for the poor protection provided by the vaccines.Phylogenetic analysis of two Polish complete genomes revealed a significant genetic distance from available aMPV-B strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A wire-obstacle model has no effect on typical lesions and positive re-isolations after an infection with <i>Enterococcus cecorum</i> in SPF broilers.","authors":"Thijs T M Manders, Arjan J Baijense, Lonneke Vervelde, Jeanine Wiegel","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2704780","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2704780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b><i>Enterococcus cecorum</i> lesions include bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) of the femur and free thoracic vertebrae. Mechanical stress can be applied using wire-obstacle models and has been suggested as a predisposing factor for BCO. Here, the effect of a wire-obstacle model was assessed following inoculation with <i>E. cecorum</i>. Two groups SPF broilers were orally inoculated at day of hatch with 10^7.6 colony-forming units of <i>E. cecorum</i> in peptone physiological saline (PPS) per bird. In one group, a wire-obstacle was placed between the feed and water. This obstacle had a 66% slope, a height of 30 cm and was covered with iron mesh. Additionally, two control groups were inoculated with PPS, with an obstacle placed in one group. At 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days post-inoculation, 20 birds from the <i>E. cecorum</i>-inoculated groups and eight birds from the PPS-inoculated groups were euthanized and macroscopically examined. Samples from spleen, femur and free thoracic vertebrae were subjected to bacteriological examination. No significant differences in the number of birds with typical lesions or positive reisolations were observed between the <i>E. cecorum</i>-inoculated groups with and without the obstacle. Typical lesions were observed in 58 of the 320 inoculated birds, with pericarditis being the most common lesion (46 birds). Femoral BCO was observed in seven birds. <i>E. cecorum</i> was reisolated in 45 of the 320 inoculated birds and in none of the controls. A wire-obstacle model does not predispose for BCO in an <i>E. cecorum</i> model using SPF broilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of recombinant HVT + IBD + H5 vaccine against novel variant infectious bursal disease, A2dB1b, in broiler and SPF chickens.","authors":"Samir A Nassif, Ahlam Mourad, Esraa Fouad, Rania A Abu Zaid, Marwa S Khattab, Mohamed Ashry, Mohamed Radwan, Ali E Khalifa, Jose-L L Torres, Taoufik Rawi, Ahmed R Elbestawy","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2733059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2733059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing prevalence of antigenic variations and genetic reassortments of Infectious Bursal Disease virus (IBDV) across various global regions, causing subclinical infections, poses a significant threat to the poultry industry, leading to substantial losses. In the current study, the protective efficacy of recombinant trivalent vaccine rHVT + IBD + H5, administered once at 1-day old (DO) in the hatchery was assessed against challenge with the most recent circulating novel variant IBD (nVarIBDV), A2dB1b, Egyptian isolate (IBD/EGY/F1335/2023) in commercial broiler, and specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens at 28 DO. A total of 210, commercial broilers and 120 SPF chicks, housed at BSL-3 conditions, were divided into 11 equal groups (Broilers, G1-G7, and SPF G8-G11, <i>n</i> = 30/group). The bursa/body weight ratio (BBR) and bursa/body weight index (BBI) scores calculated at 4-, 7-, 10-, and 14-days post-infection (DPC) revealed significantly higher scores in the vaccinated challenged broiler groups (especially G4) and in the vaccinated challenged SPF group (G8) as compared to their control non-vaccinated challenged groups, G2, G5 and G9, respectively. Additionally, the histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations indicated significantly higher protection in the vaccinated-challenged broilers (G1 and G4) and SPF (G8) groups in comparison to their controls. Overall, this study demonstrated higher protective efficacy of rHVT + IBD + H5 hatchery vaccination against Egyptian nVArIBDV, A2dB1b, especially in the broiler chickens G4 that had specific MDA.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hcp2b protein of APEC induces defective autophagy in HD11 cells by causing lysosomal dysfunction.","authors":"Yaqin Tian, Liting Lu, Shuhui Wang, Jingwen Zhang, Mei Xue, Jiumeng Sun, Ying Shao, Zhengyu Wang, Mengling Peng, Jian Tu, Xiangjun Song","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2717141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2717141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>APEC Hcp2b protein translocates into HD11 cells and induces significant cytotoxicity.Hcp2b elicits incomplete autophagy, characterized by blocked autophagic flux.Proteomic analysis demonstrated Hcp2b impairs lysosomes, blocking autophagy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}