Avian Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Infectivity and pathogenicity of wild bird-derived rotavirus A strains in domestic chickens.","authors":"Yuji Fujii, Kosuke Soda, Tatsunori Masatani, Hiroshi Ito, Toshihiro Ito, Hiroki Sakai, Junko Nio-Kobayashi, Kumiko Koyama, Ayano Matsuzaki, Naoto Ito","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2513337","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2513337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>This study conducted an experiment on chicken infection with rotavirus A (RVA) strains.Two wild bird-derived RVA strains (RK1 and PO-13) caused diarrhoea in young chickens.The enteropathogenicity of these strains was comparable to that of a chicken strain.The findings indicate the risk of wild bird-derived RVAs in the poultry industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of a novel herpesvirus in the stone-curlew (<i>Burhinus oedicnemus</i>) from the Canary Islands.","authors":"Ana Colom-Rivero, Antonio Fernández, Lucía Marrero-Ponce, Ayoze Castro-Alonso, Candela Rivero-Herrera, Lucía Caballero-Hernández, Cristian M Suárez-Santana, Eva Sierra","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2489547","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2489547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian herpesviruses (AHVs) are widely distributed and associated with a variety of diseases affecting bird populations globally. Despite the increasing detection of AHVs in recent years, there remains a significant gap in knowledge regarding their classification and host range. This study aimed to detect herpesvirus (HV) in two vulnerable, endemic subspecies of stone-curlew (<i>Burhinus oedicnemus</i>) in the Canary Islands. Forty-six pooled tissue swabs (liver, kidney, and lung) and 135 individual swabs (brain, cloaca, and oropharyngeal cavity) were collected from 50 stone-curlews recorded as deceased wildlife specimens between 2020 and 2023. DNA from a novel alpha-HV was successfully amplified from seven out of the 181 tissue samples (4%) and from four out of 50 birds analysed (8%) using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach with degenerate primers. Positive samples were distributed across various tissue types: brain (<i>n</i> = 1), kidney (<i>n</i> = 1), lung (<i>n</i> = 2), coelomic cavity (<i>n</i> = 1), and oropharyngeal swab (<i>n</i> = 2). Some individuals tested positive in multiple tissue types, although no histopathological features indicative of HV infection were observed in any of the birds. Sequencing of all positive samples revealed identical HV nucleotide sequences across all specimens. The longest PCR amplicon, obtained with the TGV and KG1 primer combination, yielded identical sequences in two of the seven positive samples. Based on these findings, we propose the designation of this novel HV as <i>Burhinus oedicnemus alphaherpesvirus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deletion of genes encoding anti-inflammatory proteins in <i>Salmonella</i> Pullorum: Impact on persistence and virulence in <i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>.","authors":"Letícia Cury Rocha Veloso Arantes, Victória Veiga Alves, Eric Santos Oliveira, Maira Dos Santos Carneiro Lacerda, Marcelo Coelho Lopes, Larissa Moreira Gonçalves, Nelson Rodrigo da Silva Martins, Roselene Ecco, Flávia Figueira Aburjaile, Mauro de Mesquita Souza Saraiva, Angelo Berchieri, Oliveiro Caetano de Freitas Neto","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2516564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2025.2516564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pullorum disease is a non-zoonotic disease caused by <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Pullorum (SP), which can be vertically transmitted, causing high poultry mortality. <i>S.</i> Pullorum induces persistent infection in chickens, but its survival and immune evasion mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated whether anti-inflammatory effector proteins contribute to <i>S.</i> Pullorum persistence and pathogenicity. Four <i>S.</i> Pullorum mutants (SP Δ<i>avrA</i>, SP Δ<i>gtgA</i>, SP Δ<i>pipA</i>, SP Δ<i>sseL</i>) with deletions in genes encoding anti-inflammatory proteins were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. Three hundred chicks were divided into seven groups. Groups A-F were orally challenged at 7 days old with SP Δ<i>avrA</i>, SP Δ<i>gtgA</i>, SP Δ<i>pipA</i>, SP Δ<i>sseL</i>, wild-type <i>S.</i> Pullorum (wt-SP), and <i>S.</i> Gallinarum (SG), respectively, while Group G remained uninfected. Samples of liver and spleen were collected at 7, 14, 21, 35, 49, and 63 days post-infection (dpi). Clinical signs and lesions were evaluated. At 7 dpi, wt-SP was detected in the liver and spleen in higher numbers than all mutant strains, although bacterial loads were similar at later time points. Chicks challenged with SP Δ<i>avrA</i> and SP Δ<i>gtgA</i> had more frequent and marked histological lesions, resembling <i>S.</i> Gallinarum infections. Gross lesions did not differ statistically among groups. Pathogenicity differences were observed only in SP Δ<i>avrA</i> and SP Δ<i>gtgA</i> groups, with no significant differences in persistence comparing the wild-type and mutant strains. These mutant strains seem to cause more severe tissue damage, potentially linked to increased inflammation, highlighting the critical role of these genes in <i>S.</i> Pullorum pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b natural infection in captive Humboldt penguins <i>(Spheniscus humboldti)</i>.","authors":"Audra-Lynne D Schlachter, Natalia Furman, Alexander M P Byrne, Scott M Reid, Sarah Jayne Smith, Daniel Maskell, Benjamin C Mollett, Jacob Peers-Dent, Marco Falchieri, Alex Schock, Ashley C Banyard, Ian H Brown, Alex Núñez, Audra-Lynne D Schlachter And Natalia Furman Have Equally Contributed To The Scientific Work And The Preparation Of The Manuscript","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2513338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2025.2513338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between 2020 and 2023, high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b caused devastating outbreaks across Europe and the United Kingdom among domestic poultry and wild bird populations. During winter 2022, unexpected mortality was observed in four of fourteen outdoor captive Humboldt penguins in a British zoological collection, without prior clinical signs. Swabs, one whole carcass and two heads were submitted for notifiable avian disease laboratory investigation. Clinical material was inspected by veterinary pathologists using an established post-mortem procedure and tissues were collected for official sampling according to a standard notifiable avian disease testing algorithm. A defined selection of tissues was tested using real-time reverse transcription PCR, whole-genome sequencing, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Following molecular testing for H5N1 infection, positive results were detected in 5 of the 12 animals sampled. On gross examination of the carcass, generalised congestion was present. Histopathology revealed necrosis and acute inflammation, primarily in the spleen, liver and lungs. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated viral antigen in endothelial cells and lymphoid cells particularly in lung, spleen, liver, brain and heart muscle. This finding strongly suggests that endothelial cells and lymphoid cells are the primary targets for HPAIV infection in Humboldt penguins. Molecular characterisation identified the causative agent as HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, genotyped as AIV223 according to the UK scheme. This was the first time that this genotype had been recorded in the UK. These findings provide novel insights into the pathobiology of this virus in naturally infected captive Humboldt penguins.Research Highlights Natural HPAIV H5N1 infection causes mortality and pathology in Humboldt Penguins.Molecular analysis identified the aetiology as a novel H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype.Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated infection of endothelial cells and macrophages and reticular cells in lymphoid tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Meetings, WVPA Matters and Announcements.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2476325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2025.2476325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hcp2b of APEC induces mitochondrial damage in chicken DF-1 cells.","authors":"Liting Lu, Zhao Qi, Haiyang Wang, Zhe Chen, Zichao Song, Ziqi Li, Xiaoru Wang, Bingyu Zhao, Xiyang Wei, Ying Shao, Zhenyu Wang, Jian Tu, Xiangjun Song","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2431803","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2431803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The haemolysin co-regulatory protein (Hcp) plays a significant role in the pathogenicity of avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (APEC) as an effector protein of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to the host. Meanwhile, mitochondria in the host are the target of effector proteins of various secretion systems. Here, we explored the effects of APEC effector Hcp2b on the mitochondria of DF-1 cells and found that Hcp2b results in damage in mitochondria. Next, 68 target proteins in DF-1 cell lysates were identified that interacted with Hcp2b by streptavidin-biotin pull-down assay combined with LC-MS/MS, among which ADP/ATP transporter carrier (SLC25A4) is a mitochondria-associated protein; protein docking analysis showed that Hcp2b binds well to SLC25A4. Therefore, we hypothesize that the Hcp2b contributes to mitochondrial damage in DF-1 cells through interaction with the SLC25A4.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"325-333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The complexity of the interpretation of ELISA and RT-PCR results in the diagnosis of a reticuloendotheliosis virus infection: an extended case study.","authors":"Andrzej Mamczur, Jaroslaw Wilczyński, Remco Dijkman, Sjaak de Wit","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2435887","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2435887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is a species of the genus <i>Gammaretrovirus</i> that can cause neoplasia, immunosuppression, and runting-stunting syndrome. To show the clinical relevance of REV is complicated, and requires the demonstration of the virus, REV antibodies, the presence of typical gross and microscopic lesions, and the exclusion of other oncogenic agents in the case of the presence of tumours. Under field conditions, the first tests to be used might be a commercially available REV antibody ELISA or an RT-PCR to detect the REV genome. In this short paper, we present the experiences with two commercially available ELISAs and RT-PCR that we have gained from a REV outbreak on a large multi-age layer farm and many follow-up tests on samples from control farms with and without a known history of REV and fowlpox virus (FPV). In the field, some of the FPV field strains contain large inserts of the REV genome that might interfere with REV testing. The results of the ELISAs on sera from REV- and FPV- unsuspected flocks suggested that the cut-offs of both ELISAs were somewhat low resulting in a lower specificity. However, cut-offs of 2000 and 3050 for the IDEXX and BioChek ELISAs, respectively, gave an agreement of 100%, suggesting that these cut-offs might be advisable to use. The use of the combination of RT-PCR for REV and PCR for FPV proved to be very useful in separating REV infections from FPV infections. The results of our extended field study can help to interpret REV testing results.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"334-339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, identification and genetic variation analysis of avian orthoreovirus in commercial broilers in China from 2016 to 2021.","authors":"Feng Wei, Xiaoning Jiang, Xin Xu, Dalin He, Bingrong Wu, Youxiang Diao, Yi Tang","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2435895","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2435895","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the last decade, the emergence of variant strains of avian orthoreovirus (ARV) has caused an enormous economic impact on the poultry industry across China and other countries. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular evolution of the ARV lineages detected in Chinese commercial broiler farms. Firstly, ARV isolation and identification of commercial broiler arthritis cases from different provinces in China from 2016 to 2021 were conducted. A total of 51 pure ARV isolates were obtained. Sequencing results showed that there were five genotypes of the strains isolated in this study, of which genotype 1 ARV predominated, accounting for 56.9% (29/51). The whole gene sequences of 19 ARV representative isolates were successfully obtained. The genetic evolution analysis of 10 genome segments of 19 ARV isolates showed that the σC-encoding gene had evolved into six different lineages, while the other genome segments only differentiated into two to four different lineages. The results of recombination analysis showed that recombination events were present in the L3, M1 and S1 genome segments. Analysis of the variation of the key factor σC protein showed that the nucleotide and amino acid homologies of the σC were low among the different genotypes. Three-dimensional structural visualization analysis showed that all the structural changes of σC protein were concentrated in the spherical domain at the C-terminal, which is associated with host receptor binding.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"340-350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142943617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of allicin on ascites syndrome traits and angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene expression in broilers reared in the Mexican highlands.","authors":"Artemio Jovanny Vargas-Galicia, Raúl Argüello-García, Arturo Pro-Martínez, Fernando González-Cerón, Amalio Santacruz-Varela, Horacio Osorio-Alonso, Eliseo Sosa-Montes","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2447284","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2447284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ascites syndrome (AS) is a deadly condition in fast-growing chickens, preceded by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), where the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (ATR1) plays a role. We investigated whether allicin (ALLI), a garlic derivative, could (a) interact with broiler ATR1, (b) affect ascites-related traits [haematocrit content (Hct%), blood oxygen saturation (SaO₂), and the right-to-total ventricular weight ratio (RV:TV)], (c) modify ATR1 expression in the lung, heart, and liver, alongside ascites mortality and growth performance in Ross 308 broilers raised at high altitude and under cold temperatures promoting PAH/AS. Three groups (<i>n</i> = 70 each) were studied: 0-ALLI (untreated), 1-ALLI (allicin 1 mg/kg bodyweight/daily at 14-27 days of age by oral-oesophageal route), and 2.5-ALLI. After 3-6 weeks, Hct%, SaO₂, RV:TV ratios, and ATR1 expression in the lung, heart, and liver, were evaluated. Weekly productive performance and AS mortality were recorded. Molecular dockings and dynamic simulations predicted that ALLI might inhibit broiler ATR1 in a transitory manner. At 42 days of age, birds in the 2.5-ALLI group exhibited lower Hct% and lower RV:TV values, while ALLI marginally enhanced SaO₂. ATR1 expression in the 1-ALLI and 2.5-ALLI groups was higher (i.e. restored) in the lungs and heart, respectively, but not in the liver compared with the untreated group. Productive performance remained unaffected by ALLI, and 2.5-ALLI provided a protection of 4.3% against ascites mortality. In conclusion, 2.5-ALLI mitigated PAH/AS traits in the lungs and heart without compromising broiler productive performance. Further studies adjusting ALLI doses and combinations are warranted.<b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b> Broilers bred at >2000 m OSL and <20°C were treated with 1 or 2.5 mg allicin <i>per os</i>.Allicin at 2.5 mg <i>per os</i> decreased haematocrit and right ventricular hypertrophy.Allicin treatments restored ATR1 expression in the heart and lungs.Productive performance of broilers was not affected by allicin treatments.Allicin is a promising candidate to enhance the quality of poultry production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"371-382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> in birds: a systematic review.","authors":"Xue Qi Soon, Kristene Gedye, Jackie Benschop, Brett Gartrell","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2443952","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2443952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular methods are currently the most sensitive for detecting <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> in birds. Most laboratories have developed their own molecular assays or adapted published protocols, often making slight modifications to fit their specific study purposes. The sensitivity and specificity of a molecular test depend on the target gene, primer sequences, types of molecular test, DNA extraction method, and sampling methods. We reviewed 120 articles published between 2000 and 2020 to compile information on the molecular detection of <i>C. psittaci</i> in birds. Of the ten genomic targets currently available to detect <i>C. psittaci</i> in birds, the <i>ompA</i> gene was the most widely used. In published surveillance studies, of the fourteen molecular test types, conventional PCR and quantitative PCR were applied the most. A testing strategy using a hierarchical approach that includes molecular tests of genus- and species-specific targets is recommended to detect other avian chlamydial species besides the well-recognized <i>C. psittaci</i>. Samples should be sourced from both the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts whenever possible for better accuracy. High-quality DNA can be obtained when the sample is preserved in optimal medium and temperature, and an optimized DNA extraction protocol is applied. Standardization and validation of molecular <i>Chlamydia</i> tests are needed to enhance the comparability and reliability of assays to detect <i>C. psittaci</i> and other chlamydiae species in birds.<b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b>Hierarchical molecular testing is recommended for the detection of avian <i>C. psittaci</i>.Key molecular tests for surveillance were conventional PCR and quantitative PCR.The most used genomic target to detect <i>C. psittaci</i> in birds was the <i>ompA</i> gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"279-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}