Avian Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Shotgun metagenomic diagnosis of unidentified pathogens in hepatic necrosis samples from Samgye chickens.","authors":"Yesong Kim, Jae-Kyeom Kim, Moon Her, Hong Sik Kong, Jin-San Moon, Chi Sun Yun","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2674233","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2674233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chicken infectious anaemia virus (CIAV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), and <i>Eimeria</i> spp. are major immunosuppressive pathogens in chickens that predispose host to secondary infections, including <i>Clostridium septicum</i>-associated hepatic necrosis. In this case, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was applied to identify <i>C. septicum</i> that could not be isolated by traditional bacterial culture in Samgye chickens. Six 35-day-old Samgye chicken carcasses were submitted for disease diagnosis; histopathological examination, and bacterial and viral isolation/identification were performed. Pooled liver samples were subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing to identify microbial composition, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance genes. Samgye chickens exhibited dorsal dermatitis, hepatic necrosis, and splenomegaly. Histopathology revealed hepatic necrosis with bacterial colonies and lymphoid depletion. PCR detected CIAV, antigenic variant IBDV, chicken astrovirus, and <i>Eimeria</i>, whereas bacterial culture yielded no growth. Shotgun metagenomic analysis identified <i>C. septicum</i> as the predominant bacterium, and CIAV as the dominant viral pathogen. The <i>α-toxin</i> and the antimicrobial resistance <i>tetA(P)</i> genes were detected in liver samples<i>.</i> This is the first report of concurrent CIAV, antigenic variant IBDV, <i>Eimeria</i> spp., and <i>C. septicum</i> infection from Samgye chickens in South Korea, suggesting that immunosuppressive infections may predispose chickens to <i>C. septicum</i>-associated hepatic necrosis and highlighting the diagnostic utility of shotgun metagenomic sequencing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148052201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dual gC-gD Glycoprotein based Indirect ELISA for Enhanced Detection of Anatid herpesvirus 1 Antibodies.","authors":"Shinjini Bhattacharya, Pooja Agarwal, Sachin Kumar","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2704779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2704779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Abstract</b>Anatid herpesvirus 1 (AnHV-1) is still a significant limiting factor in the waterfowl industry and there is a clear demand for field-applicable serodiagnostic assays that are robust, sensitive and reproducible. In this report, we designed and conducted a comprehensive comparative evaluation of whole virus or recombinant glycoprotein C (gC), glycoprotein D (gD) alone or a mixture of gC-gD ELISA, to determine which one had the better diagnostic performance. The recombinant proteins were produced, purified, and optimized for use in indirect ELISA, and subsequent validation was carried out using a set of 120 field serum samples. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the combined gC-gD ELISA exhibited an almost perfect diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.9925), and high sensitivity (93%) and specificity (95%) surpassed those of two antigen-based assays and whole virus assay. Although both gC ELISA (high sensitivity 95% but moderate specificity 80%) and gD ELISA (outstanding sensitivity 99%, but lower overall accuracy: AUC = 0.9150) performed well, the sensitivity of the whole virus ELISA was lower (87%) with marked variation. In particular, intra-assay precision analysis showed a significant decrease in coefficient of variation for the gC-gD ELISA (∼4%) compared with the gD (∼15%), gC (∼20%) and whole virus (∼40%) formats, indicating the highest reproducibility of the gC-gD ELISA. Taken together these results demonstrate that the gC-gD ELISA provides a novel and robust tool for high-throughput AnHV-1 serosurveillance which represents a major breakthrough in terms of economy, when compared to traditional whole virus based ELISAs for large field applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A wire-obstacle model has no effect on typical lesions and positive re-isolations after an infection with <i>Enterococcus cecorum</i> in SPF broilers.","authors":"Thijs T M Manders, Arjan J Baijense, Lonneke Vervelde, Jeanine Wiegel","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2704780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2704780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Enterococcus cecorum</i> lesions include bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) of the femur and free thoracic vertebrae (FTV). Mechanical stress can be applied using wire-obstacle models and has been suggested as a predisposing factor for BCO. Here, the effect of a wire-obstacle model was assessed following inoculation with <i>E. cecorum</i>.Two groups SPF broilers were orally inoculated at day of hatch with 10^7.6 colony-forming units of <i>E. cecorum</i> in peptone physiological saline (PPS) per bird. In one group, a wire-obstacle was placed between the feed and water. This obstacle had a 66% slope, a height of 30 cm and was covered with iron mesh. Additionally, two control groups, were inoculated with PPS, with an obstacle placed in one group. At 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days post-inoculation, twenty birds from the <i>E. cecorum</i>-inoculated groups and eight birds from the PPS-inoculated groups were euthanized and macroscopically examined. Samples from spleen, femur and FTV were subjected to bacteriological examination.No significant differences in the number of birds with typical lesions or positive re-isolations were observed between the <i>E. cecorum</i>-inoculated groups with and without obstacle. Typical lesions were observed in 58 of the 320 inoculated birds, with pericarditis being the most common lesion (46 birds). Femoral BCO was observed in 7 birds. <i>E. cecorum</i> was re-isolated in 45 of the 320 inoculated birds and in none of the controls. A wire-obstacle model does not predispose for BCO in an <i>E. cecorum</i> model using SPF broilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broad IBV protection induced by a live IBV-NDV vaccine containing a Mass and Q1 strain.","authors":"Hanneke Bataille, Eveline Boerhout, Luuk Stooker, Marcelo Zuanaze, Sjaak de Wit","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2680998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2680998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Five vaccination-challenge trials were performed with a live attenuated vaccine which includes an infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) Massachusetts strain (H120, GI-1), an IBV Q1 strain (BNF 28/86, GI-16), and a Newcastle disease virus (NDV) cloned strain. The efficacy of the vaccine was tested in maternally-derived antibody-positive (MDA+) commercial layers against challenge with IBV M41, 793B, D388(QX) or Q1 challenge virus. The efficacy of the vaccine was also tested in SPF layers against challenge with IBV M41, D388(QX) or Variant 2 challenge virus. The vaccine was applied at day of hatch, and all challenges were performed at 3 weeks of age. At 5 days post-challenge, the ciliary activity of tracheal explants was examined to determine the level of protection. The level of protection induced by the vaccine in commercial layers against IBV M41, 793B, D388(QX) and Q1 challenge was 91%, 94%, 73% and 84%, respectively. The level of protection in the SPF layers against IBV M41, D388(QX) and Var2 challenge was 89%, 69%, and 96%, respectively. In summary, vaccination with a live attenuated vaccine which includes an IBV Massachusetts strain (H120, GI-1) and an IBV Q1 strain (BNF 28/86, GI-16) provides a substantial level of protection against the homologous and most heterologous challenge viruses, which are representatives of the IBV strains circulating worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148429806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated molecular and pathobiological evaluation of three live infectious bursal disease vaccines reveals differential replication, immunogenicity and genetic stability.","authors":"Jan Mohd Muneeb, Irfan Gul, Amreena Hassan, Towseef Akram, Basharat Maqbool Wani, Azmat Alam Khan, Zulfqarul Haq, Shayaib Ahmad Kamil, Riaz Ahmad Shah, Syed Mudasir Ahmad, Nazir Ahmad Ganai, Naveed Anjum Chikan, Mohammad Faizal Abdul Careem, Nadeem Shabir","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2690228","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2690228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Live-attenuated vaccines are widely used for the prevention and control of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in poultry, yet differences in attenuation, replication, and immunogenicity among vaccines remain incompletely characterized. This study comparatively evaluated three live-attenuated IBDV vaccines (Vaccine-A, Vaccine-B and Vaccine-C) using integrated molecular, pathobiological and immunological analyses. Molecular analysis using next-generation sequencing revealed that all vaccines possessed canonical attenuation-associated substitutions (253H, 279N and 284T) in the VP2 hypervariable region, but differed in additional lineage- and virulence-associated residues. Vaccine-A retained several residues characteristic of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV), including 222A, 242I, 256I, 294I, and 299S, whereas Vaccines-B and -C displayed mixed classical and vvIBDV-associated profiles. Notably, Vaccine-C contained a vvIBDV-derived VP1 polymerase. These molecular differences corresponded to distinct <i>in vivo</i> phenotypes. Vaccine-C showed higher and more persistent vaccine-viral RNA levels in the bursa of Fabricius, with greater lymphoid depletion and lesion severity. In contrast, Vaccine-A exhibited lower residual viral RNA levels and milder pathology. All vaccines induced homologous and cross-neutralizing antibody responses, although response kinetics differed. Vaccine-A elicited earlier cross-neutralizing responses, while Vaccine-C generated higher peak titres at later time points. Cytokine profiling showed stronger pro-inflammatory signals with Vaccine-C and higher early type-I interferon expression with Vaccine-A. Under selective pressure in DT40 cells, Vaccine-A lost vvIBDV-associated residues, Vaccine-B accumulated substitutions including N279D, whereas Vaccine-C exhibited moderate VP2 variability. Overall, these findings suggest that vaccine molecular composition may influence viral replication, tissue pathology and immune responses, with Vaccine-A demonstrating a relatively favourable balance between safety and immunogenicity under the present experimental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of an LNA-TaqMan fluorescent quantitative PCR assay for differential diagnosis of virulent and attenuated strains of short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus.","authors":"Su Lin, Xiaoxia Cheng, Shaoying Chen, Shilong Chen, Shao Wang","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2692641","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2692641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To enable differential detection of virulent and attenuated strains of duck short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus (SBDSV), we developed a fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay based on locked nucleic acid (LNA)-TaqMan probes. This assay utilized a pair of universal primers and two strain-specific LNA-TaqMan probes (labelled with FAM and VIC, respectively) targeting the <i>VP1</i> gene of SBDSV. Validation results showed that the assay specifically detected SBDSV virulent and attenuated strains without cross-reacting with other common waterfowl viruses. It exhibited high sensitivity, with a minimum detection limit of 6.0 × 10⁰ copies/μl, and excellent reproducibility, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) all < 3%. Additionally, viral titre estimates from this qPCR assay showed no significant difference from those obtained via the gold-standard 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID₅₀) assay (<i>P</i> > 0.05). In conclusion, this LNA-TaqMan qPCR assay provides a specific, sensitive, and reliable tool for the differential diagnosis of SBDSV virulent and attenuated strains in clinical practice, serving as strong technical support for the prevention, control, and eradication of SBDSV.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Modulation of Biochemical Stress using <b>Azolla pinnata</b> in <i>E. coli</i> challenged Broiler Chickens Vaccinated with IBDV.","authors":"Mahak Barak, Sushma Kajal, Deepika Lather, Surbhi Gupta, Vikas Nehra, Neeraj Sharma","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2699975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2699975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious and immunosuppressive viral disease of poultry, causing severe economic losses worldwide. Although, intermediate plus live strain vaccines are widely used for IBD control, these vaccines may induce immunosuppression and metabolic stress, predisposing birds to secondary bacterial infections such as avian pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>. <i>Azolla pinnata</i>, a nutrient rich aquatic fern possessing antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, has emerged as a promising feed supplement in poultry nutrition. The present study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative potential of <i>Azolla pinnata</i> in broiler chickens challenged with <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and vaccinated with an infectious bursal disease virus live strain vaccine on biochemical, oxidative parameters and immunological response. Broiler chicks were vaccinated 9^th day of age and fed diets with or without <i>Azolla pinnata</i> supplementation at the rate of 5% in the feed in dried form followed by experimentally challenged with <i>E. coli</i>. Serum biochemical parameters, including total protein, albumin, globulin, liver enzyme activities were assessed to evaluate hepatic status. Oxidative parameters like lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase and humoral immune response evaluated to access the immune status of birds. Dietary supplementation of <i>Azolla pinnata</i> resulted in improved biochemical, oxidative profiles and humoral immune response in vaccinated and <i>E. coli</i> challenged birds achieved mainly through its rich phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties which indicating reduced hepatic stress. The findings suggested that <i>Azolla pinnata</i> supplementation may help to maintain homeostasis with live IBD vaccination and <i>E. coli</i> challenged broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of Marek's disease viruses circulating in small chicken flocks from England and Wales.","authors":"Soumendu Chakravarti, Alex Schock, Steven Fiddaman, Muhammad Abid, David Welchman, Venugopal Nair, Susan Baigent, Yongxiu Yao","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2686653","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2686653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Molecular characterization of MDV strains from British small chicken flocks showed great diversity.Sequencing showed a variety of Meq protein isoforms: standard, long, very long, and very very long.Phylogenetic analysis identified MDV strains similar to those from diverse geographical regions, varying in predicted virulence.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dr Laurence Noel (Jim) Payne, OBE.","authors":"Venugopal Nair, Martin W Shirley","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2679338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2026.2679338","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Live anticoccidial vaccines in the poultry industry: current knowledge, global strategies, technical foundations and future directions.","authors":"Marc Pagès, Martina Dardi","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2678272","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2026.2678272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of live anticoccidial vaccines has increased in the poultry industry in recent years. Historically, these vaccines have been widely used in breeders due to their suitability for long life production cycles. In contrast, their use in short-lived birds was traditionally limited, but this trend has changed significantly. This shift is mainly driven by the growing demand for antibiotic-free production systems (e.g. No Antibiotics Ever (NAE) or Raised Without Antibiotics (RWA) broiler production) and increasing resistance to anticoccidial drugs. The success of live vaccination depends largely on the method of administration and the homogeneous distribution of sporulated oocysts, both of which require careful management to ensure uniform coverage and early intestinal replication in the majority of chicks. Three vaccination strategies are commonly used in broiler production: vaccination as the sole preventive measure; incorporation of vaccines into rotation programmes that alternate with anticoccidials; and combined use of vaccines and anticoccidials within the same flock (bio-shuttle programmes). Future developments in the use of live anticoccidial vaccines are expected to be influenced by several factors, including changes in husbandry practices, expansion of the global poultry market, improvements in vaccine formulations, advancements in the knowledge of host immunity, and innovations in vaccine production. These evolving factors will shape both the design and application of vaccination strategies in the coming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147970094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}