Avian Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of a glycoprotein G-deficient infectious laryngotracheitis virus vaccine delivered in the drinking-water.","authors":"Gayathri Gopakumar, Mauricio Jc Coppo, Carol A Hartley, Greg Underwood, Andrés Diaz-Méndez, Joanne M Devlin","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2559873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2025.2559873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) remains a significant viral disease in the poultry industry worldwide and vaccination has proven to be an invaluable tool for disease control. Vaccine type, dose and route of administration are important parameters that determine the success of vaccination programmes and control strategies. The current study aimed to investigate the optimal dose for drinking-water vaccination with ΔgG-ILTV, an attenuated glycoprotein G-deficient ILTV vaccine that is efficacious when administered by eye-drop. Three groups of one-week old specific-pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with increasing doses of ΔgG-ILTV (10^3.8, 10^4.3 and 10^5.0 plaque forming units per bird) via the drinking-water. Additional groups of birds included an eye-drop vaccination control (<i>n</i> = 20), and two unvaccinated control groups (<i>n</i> = 20 and 10, respectively). Three weeks after vaccination, all groups, except one unvaccinated control group (<i>n</i> = 10), were challenged with virulent ILTV. Vaccine efficacy was assessed after challenge by recording mortality rate and scoring of clinical signs and gross tracheal pathology. Challenge resulted in severe clinical disease and a high mortality rate in unvaccinated birds. Eye-drop vaccination resulted in complete clinical protection against this specific challenge. The efficacy of drinking-water vaccination showed a direct association with the administered vaccine dose. Results from this study highlight the need for improved understanding of virus-host interactions and immunological responses that occur following drinking-water vaccination, in order to improve the efficacy of vaccination strategies that use this route.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome and metabolome analysis reveal the alleviating effect of naringenin on duodenal damage in Ningdu yellow chickens caused by heat stress.","authors":"Siting Lin, Yan Shi, Jing Liu, Jingyan Luo, Ke Liao, Ping Liu, Xiaona Gao","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2549360","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2549360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Metabolomics and 16S rRNA were used to explore the mitigating effect of naringenin on heat stress.Naringenin relieves heat stress through specific metabolic pathways.Changes in gut microbiota caused by naringenin and heat stress may affect host metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles as a delivery system for infectious bursal disease viral antigen in chickens.","authors":"Vimal Kumar, Sivasankar Panickan, Ananda Kumar, Saravanan Ramakrishnan, Sonal Saxena, Sameer Shrivastava, Satyabrata Dandapat","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2547584","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2547584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, antigen-chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles were explored as the delivery system for inactivated whole infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) antigens. The immunized birds showed the peak antibody level (ELISA titre 4095.65 ± 55.74) at the 3rd week post-immunization, which was significantly higher than that of the commercial inactivated vaccine (titre 2257 ± 30) (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). The virus-loaded chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles induced good cell-mediated immunity. The immunized birds showed better resistance against the challenge infection with a very virulent IBDV. Only one bird out of the five challenged showed viral antigens in the bursa (80% protection), whereas, in the commercial vaccinated group, two chickens showed viral antigens in the bursa (60% protection). The histopathological lesions were also found to be very mild in the same group. The birds which were immunized with the antigen-chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles did not show any sign of immunosuppression. It is concluded that antigen-chitosan-PLGA nanoparticles afford the best protection among the groups, which lays a foundation for further development of a vaccine delivery platform in this line.<b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b> First report on the use of Chitosan/PLGA nanoparticles with inactivated IBD virus.Nanoparticles prepared by solvent evaporation method.Elicited better humoral and cell-mediated immunity in chickens.Protection is better than commercial vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental <i>Eimeria tenella</i> infection of chickens followed by very virulent infectious bursal disease viral challenge: clinical and pathological effects.","authors":"Nahed A El-Shall, Mahmoud E Sedeik, Heba M Ismail, Ashraf M Awad","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2547583","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2547583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive disease that increases susceptibility to avian coccidiosis, but the contrary is unclear. In a battery trial, this study evaluated whether prior <i>E. tenella</i> (ET) infection of Egyptian Baladi chickens increased the virulence of the very virulent IBD virus. Birds grouped as follows: G1 (control), G2 (ET, 1.5×10⁴ oocysts), G3 (ET, 5×10⁴ oocysts), G4 (IBDV), G5 (G2+BDV), and G6 (G3+IBDV). At 21 days of age (d), chickens were sham- (G1 and 4) or ET- (G2, 3, 5, and 6) challenged. Four days later, G4-6 received IBDV by intranasal/ocular route. The birds were evaluated for growth performance and inspected clinically. The phagocytic test, cloacal viral shedding, and immunological organ index were evaluated on days 28 and 32. On day 28, the bursa of Fabricius (BF), spleen, and caecum were histologically analyzed, and caecal lesions were scored macroscopically. Compared to the G1, all challenged groups displayed worse growth performance (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01). G5 and 6 outperformed G4 regarding weight gain and FI (P≤0.01), however, they still lagged behind G2 and 3 (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01). Interestingly, the BF of G2 and 3 had a higher mean severity index (MSI) than G1 (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01), indicating histological evidence of Eimeria stages. Nonetheless, G4's MSI was higher than G2's and G3's (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01). Compared to G4, G5 and G6 displayed a substantially lower MSI and a higher BF' index. Mortalities in G4 and G6 were 10% and 5%, respectively. Compared to G4, G5 and 6 displayed increased viral shedding titers (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01). Regarding coccidiosis, G5 and G6 exhibited lower phagocytic activity and higher oocyst counts and caecal lesion scores than G2 and G3 (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01), suggesting that exposure to IBDV after ET enhanced ET pathogenicity and reproduction. Conclusions: ET interfered with the IBDV pathogenesis (increase in viral shedding, but less severe lesions compared to mono-infected birds); this could be because prior ET infection modulated T cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteomyelitis, arthritis and myositis associated with <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> in village weavers (<i>Ploceus cucullatus</i>) and an oriental magpie robin (<i>Copsychus saularis</i>).","authors":"Yannick Van de Weyer, Flavia Zendri, Alberto R Barbon, Iuliana E Maciuca, Esha Patel, Javier Lopez, Julian Chantrey, Gabby Drake","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2536335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2025.2536335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian pseudotuberculosis infection usually presents as well-demarcated visceral necrotic foci, typically affecting the gastrointestinal tract, liver and spleen. This case series describes an atypical presentation of <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> (Yptb) characterized by severe chronic myositis, arthritis and osteomyelitis in five village weavers (<i>Ploceus cucullatus</i>), and acute osteomyelitis and myositis associated with septicaemia in an oriental magpie robin (<i>Copsychus saularis</i>) from a zoological collection. Clinical signs of the weavers included lethargy, poor flying ability and focally extensive periarticular and muscular swelling, whereas the magpie robin was found dead without premonitory signs. Radiography revealed focal lytic and proliferative bone lesions with loss of articular congruity and increased radiopacity of skeletal muscles, which was compatible with severe necrotizing, granulomatous osteomyelitis and polyphasic myositis with large intralesional bacterial colonies on histology. Most (<i>n</i> = 4/5) birds with available histology exhibited only mild to moderate heterophilic to histiocytic inflammatory lesions in their intestines, spleen and liver. Bacterial cultures typically yielded Yptb from joint and muscle samples (3/3), and less consistently from visceral organs (6/11) and bone marrow (0/5). Bacterial typing using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy suggested that weaver Yptb strains were closely related. Whole genome sequencing of two Yptb strains identified one as ST14 serotype O:2a and the other ST42 serotype O:1a, with the presence of virulence genes including plasmid-borne <i>yadA</i> and chromosomally encoded virulence genes <i>ail</i> and <i>invA</i>. Weavers may be prone to develop atypical pseudotuberculosis with the musculoskeletal system as a predilection site for bacterial growth and associated granulomatous lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Analysis of <i>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale</i> isolates; An Australian perspective.","authors":"Muhammad Noman Naseem, Sean William Bisset, Zi Ming Heng, Loan To Nguyen, Arif Anwar, Peter Scott, Patrick J Blackall, Conny Turni, Lida Omaleki","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2552314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2025.2552314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the genetic diversity in a collection of field isolates of <i>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale</i> and compared that with the diversity in the serovars A to D and F to I reference strains and available whole genome sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of the nine Australian isolates and twelve sequences of overseas isolates resulted in six clusters with the Australian isolates not closely related to either the type strain or the serovar reference strains. The suitability of low cost finger-printing techniques, ERIC-PCR and rep-PCR, when applied to <i>O. rhinotracheale</i> were also evaluated. The fingerprints generated through ERIC-PCR were more informative and was subsequently used to examine the genetic diversity of the isolates and the reference strains. The ERIC-PCR patterns confirmed the isolates and strains were quite diverse, with 15 different patterns detected. These results suggested that the Australian isolates were genetically distinct from the overseas strains, consistent with the genetic distinction observed in the phylogenetic study. Whole genome sequences of the Australian isolate BR2963 and the 15 genomes identified as <i>O. rhinotracheale</i> in the Genome Taxonomy Database confirmed that serovars F, K and M form a cluster distinct from other <i>O. rhinotracheale</i> and probably represent a distinct species within the genus <i>Ornithobacterium</i>. As well, the Australian isolate BR2963 had an average nucleotide identity level with the <i>O. rhinotracheale</i> type strain (DSM15997^T) below the accepted 95% threshold for species suggesting that the isolate is a member of the genus <i>Ornithohbacterium</i> but not within the species <i>rhinotracheale</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative genomic analysis reveals the emergence and dissemination of different <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum lineages in Brazil.","authors":"Diéssy Kipper, Renato Hohl Orsi, Nathalie de Souza Zanetti, Silvia De Carli, Andrea Karoline Mascitti, André Salvador Kazantzi Fonseca, Nilo Ikuta, Martin Wiedmann, Vagner Ricardo Lunge","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2458601","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2458601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Fowl typhoid (FT) is a concerning poultry disease caused by <i>S.</i> Gallinarum.Five <i>S.</i> Gallinarum lineages (I to V) were demonstrated in South American farms.<i>S.</i> Gallinarum lineages have specific antimicrobial resistance / virulence genomic profiles.Main FT outbreaks in Brazil have been caused by the specific lineage II.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"476-488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient differentiation between <i>Salmonella</i> Pullorum and <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum by a <i>fimH</i>-based PCR-HRM.","authors":"Di Zhang, Linlin Zhuang, Yi Jiang, Yi Yang, Ming Xu, Xinhong Dou, Jiansen Gong","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2450840","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2450840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Salmonella</i> Pullorum (<i>S</i>. Pullorum) and <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum (<i>S</i>. Gallinarum) are the biovars of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Gallinarum that are responsible for pullorum disease and fowl typhoid, respectively, in poultry. Traditional serological methods fail to quickly differentiate between these biovars due to their identical O antigenic factors (O9 and O12). Although single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based methods have been used to distinguish between the biovars, they often lack the required accuracy and effectiveness. In this study, we developed a PCR high resolution melt (PCR-HRM) assay, which targeted a SNP at position 665 of the <i>fimH</i> gene, for rapid differentiation between <i>S</i>. Pullorum and <i>S</i>. Gallinarum. Our method showed 100% specificity and was able to detect as little as 0.033 pg of <i>S</i>. Pullorum DNA and 0.027 pg of <i>S</i>. Gallinarum DNA. The PCR-HRM results for 547 clinical isolates were in complete agreement with traditional serological methods. This PCR-HRM assay significantly reduced identification time and provided high throughput, efficient testing. This makes it a practical and reliable tool for accurate differentiation between <i>S</i>. Pullorum and <i>S</i>. Gallinarum in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"450-454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of an inactivated tetravalent water-in-oil emulsion <i>Escherichia coli</i> vaccine against the <i>E. coli</i> peritonitis syndrome.","authors":"W J M Landman, J H H van Eck, M Schellekens, A Feberwee","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2448510","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2448510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Protection against <i>E. coli</i> (EPS) challenge seems to be genotype-serotype-specific.Genotype B (O78:H4) gave (almost) full protection against genotypes B, F and H (all O78:H4).Genotype D (O11:H12) incited partial protection.Genotypes A (O1:H7) and C (O2:H1) were not protective.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"427-437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-infections of <i>Enterococcus cecorum</i> and various avian pathogens resulted in varying rates of SPF broilers with an <i>E. cecorum</i> infection.","authors":"Thijs Manders, Merlijn Kense, Remco Dijkman, Jeanine Wiegel, Mieke Matthijs, Sjaak de Wit","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2450428","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2450428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research highlights: </strong>Typical <i>E. cecorum</i> lesions can be reproduced in SPF broilers after intravenous, aerosol and oral inoculations.The respiratory route is potentially an infection route for pathogenic <i>E. cecorum</i> bacteria.Co-infections tested in this study or dexamethasone do not exacerbate the proportion of <i>E. cecorum</i> lesions.M.s. in combination with IBV or NDV vaccines exacerbates the proportion of positive reisolations.Immunosuppression induced by early CAV infection increases the proportion of positive reisolations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"438-449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}