Avian Pathology最新文献

{"title":"<i>Eimeria</i> of chickens: the changing face of an old foe.","authors":"Damer P Blake","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2441180","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2441180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b><i>Eimeria</i> are globally enzootic parasites that can cause coccidiosis in chickens. Until recently, remarkably little had changed over the last 40 years in the fundamental biology that underpins detection and control of <i>Eimeria</i>. Tools such as microscopy and lesion scoring remain central to diagnosis, and control still relies on routine supplementation of diets with anticoccidial drugs or application of live vaccines. However, refocusing on aspects of economics, molecular biology, and bacteriology that relate to coccidiosis has prompted considerable change in dogma. The cost of coccidiosis in chickens has been difficult to define, but updating models created in the 1990s suggested an annual cost to the global poultry industry of £10.4 billion in 2016, rising to a peak of £12.9 billion in 2022 under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and regional wars. Surveillance using genomic sequence-based diagnostics has suggested the presence of three new <i>Eimeria</i> species, supported by subsequent biological characterization of each line. Use of microbiome sequencing pipelines has revealed the breadth of impact <i>Eimeria</i> infection exerts on enteric microbiota, contributing to dysbiosis and deteriorating litter conditions. Enhanced understanding of <i>Eimeria</i> and the consequences of infection can be used to improve control and diagnosis with relevance to productivity and welfare, creating opportunities to optimize anticoccidial drug use.<b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b>The cost of coccidiosis in chickens fluctuates considerably, peaking in 2022.Three new <i>Eimeria</i> species can infect chickens and escape current vaccines.<i>Eimeria</i> infection exerts wide-ranging effects on enteric microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"267-278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian metapneumovirus subtype B in a Northern shoveler (<i>Spatula clypeata</i>) wintering in Italy: implications for the domestic-wild bird interface?","authors":"Caterina Lupini, Nicla Gentile, Giulia Graziosi, Giulia Quaglia, Gabriele Lizzi, Sara Pedrazzoli, Claudia M Tucciarone, Giovanni Franzo, Matteo Legnardi, Riccardo Baston, Mattia Cecchinato, Laura Menotti, Renato Brandimarti, Elisa Avitabile, Elena Catelli","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2441175","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2441175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is an important pathogen in poultry, primarily affecting chickens and turkeys, and it causes acute respiratory disease or reproductive disorders. Considering previous molecular or serological evidence of aMPV in different wild bird species, the role of non-domestic hosts in the virus epidemiology has been called into question. A molecular survey was therefore performed on wild aquatic bird species sampled during the Italian Avian Influenza Surveillance plan from 2021-2023 in the Bologna province. A total of 250 oropharyngeal swabs were collected and screened for all circulating aMPV subtypes through multiplex real-time RT-PCR. An aMPV-B strain, named aMPV/B/Italy/Northern_shoveler/80/21, was detected in an adult Northern shoveler (<i>Spatula clypeata</i>) wintering in Italy in 2021, and it was characterized by partial amplification and sequencing of the attachment glycoprotein gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed close relationships between this strain and those circulating in Italian poultry from 2014-2019. Given the high aMPV-B burden on the Italian poultry sector and the similarity of aMPV/B/Italy/Northern_shoveler/80/21 strain to those circulating in chickens and turkeys, potential virus spillover from domestic to wild birds could have occurred at the livestock-wildlife interface. Considering that aMPV-B is well adapted to gallinaceans, this represents one of the rare molecular detections of this subtype in waterfowl species. Expanding aMPV monitoring and conducting further biological studies on wild hosts are essential for a better understanding of their role in maintaining aMPV circulation.<b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b>Wild birds sampled in Italy tested for aMPV detection and characterization.aMPV-B found for the first time in a wintering Northern shoveler.Close phylogenetic relationship with aMPV-B strains circulating in Italian poultry.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"351-358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142920469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel reassortant H2N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus in live bird markets in the Northeastern United States, 2019-2023.","authors":"Sungsu Youk, Dong-Hun Lee, David E Swayne, Mary Lea Killian, Mia Kim Torchetti","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2420712","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2420712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The H2N2 avian influenza viruses (AIV) have been reported in the Northeast United States of America (USA) live bird market (LBM) system since 2014. In this study, we investigated the genetic evolution and characterized molecular markers of the recent H2N2 AIVs in LBMs in the Northeast USA. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the LBM H2N2 lineage has evolved into three distinct subgroups (groups A.1, A.2, and A.3). The group A.1 viruses and some transient reassortants evolved through several independent reassortment events between the LBM H2N2 lineage and North American wild bird-origin AIVs. Separately, a group of phylogenetically distinct novel H2N2 viruses (group B) identified in LBMs completely originated from wild birds, independent from the previous LBM H2N2 lineage that has persisted since 2014. While no molecular evidence of mammalian adaptation was found, the novel H2N2 viruses in the LBM system underscore the importance of updated risk assessments for potential human transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"299-305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bart Rispens Research Award 2025 for the best paper published in <i>Avian Pathology</i> (volumes 52 and 53).","authors":"Sjaak de Wit, Damer P Blake","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2503607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2025.2503607","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bart Rispens Research Award 2025 for the best paper published in Avian Pathology (volumes 52 and 53).","authors":"Sjaak de Wit, Damer P Blake","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2503607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2025.2503607","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenicity and transmissibility differences in goose-originated subgenotype 3 duck Tembusu virus in goose embryos and 3-day-old goslings.","authors":"Ziqiao Zhao, Junhong Ke, Mengfan Liu, Zuoxin Chen, Shuwen Li, Wuque Wei, Kun Mei, Shujian Huang","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2373365","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2373365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) was first reported in China in 2010 and has since caused substantial economic losses in the poultry breeding industry. In the autumn of 2022, an outbreak of an infectious disease resembling DTMUV was reported in Guangdong Province, China, which caused significantly high mortality in goose embryos, and decreased egg production. This study identified one strain of the new subgenotype 3 of DTMUV, designated as DTMUV GDZQ2022, responsible for these effects. Comprehensive genomic sequencing of this strain was conducted to analyse its genetic variations. Additionally, the isolated and purified virus was inoculated into goose embryos and goslings to assess its pathogenicity. The GDZQ2022 genome displayed over 88% nucleotide homology with other DTMUV strains from China and Southeast Asia. Phylogenetic analysis of the E gene classified GDZQ2022 within the subgenotype 3 of DTMUV. Pathogenicity experiments on goose embryos and goslings showed that the GDZQ2022 strain induced typical clinical signs of DTMUV, particularly severe neurological manifestations. Although GDZQ2022 exhibited high virulence in goose embryos, its virulence in goslings was minimal, resulting in a low mortality rate. Pathological examinations detected significant histological lesions in the brains, livers, and spleens of the infected goslings. In conclusion, this study presents the first evidence of a novel DTMUV strain proliferating among young geese in China, underscoring the genetic diversity of DTMUV and contributing to our understanding of the pathogenicity of the subgenotype 3 Tembusu virus in goose embryos and goslings.<b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b>Pathogenicity of subgenotype 3 duck Tembusu virus in goose embryos and goslings was shown for the first time.DTMUV GDZQ2022 strain is highly pathogenic in goose embryos.The virulence of the DTMUV GDZQ2022 strain in goslings is relatively mild.Infected goslings exhibit typical clinical manifestations, with a low mortality rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"175-184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Meetings, WVPA Matters and Announcements.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2025.2456371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03079457.2025.2456371","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":"54 2","pages":"265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuing evolution of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.2.1a G2 genotype in domestic poultry of Bangladesh during 2018-2021.","authors":"Mohammed Nooruzzaman, Tanjin Tamanna Mumu, Ismail Hossain, Congriev Kumar Kabiraj, Jahan Ara Begum, Mohammad Mijanur Rahman, Md Zulfekar Ali, Mohammed Giasuddin, Jacqueline King, Diego G Diel, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury, Timm Harder, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Rokshana Parvin","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2403427","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2403427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We characterized 15 H5N1 HPAI viruses from different small- and medium-scale poultry flocks across Bangladesh during 2018-2021 based on their complete genome sequences. The antigenic relatedness of H5N1 HPAI viruses from different timepoints was analysed. During 2020-2021, 42.11% of the flocks tested positive for at least one of the respiratory infections, with 15.79% showing influenza A virus, of which 8.77% tested positive for HPAIV H5N1. Co-infections with two to four pathogens were detected in 15.8% of flocks. Phylogeny and gene constellation analyses based on complete genome sequences of 15 HPAI viruses revealed the continuing circulation of H5 clade 2.3.2.1a genotype G2 viruses. In the HA protein of the study isolates, functionally meaningful mutations caused the loss of an N-linked glycosylation site (T156A), a modified antigenic site A (S141P), and a mutation in the receptor binding pocket (E193R/K). Consequently, antigenic analysis revealed a significant loss of cross-reactivity between viruses from different host species and periods. Most viruses displayed oseltamivir resistance markers at positions V96, I97, S227, and N275 (N1 numbering) of the NA protein. In addition, for the PB2, M1, and NS1 proteins, significant mutations were noticed that have been associated with polymerase activity and increased virulence for mammals in all study isolates. These results highlight the need for intensified genomic surveillance of HPAI circulating in poultry in Bangladesh and for establishing appropriate control measures to decrease the circulation of these viruses in poultry in the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"198-211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i> and <i>Mycoplasma synoviae</i> in commercial poultry: current control strategies and future challenges.","authors":"Anneke Feberwee, Naola Ferguson-Noel, Salvatore Catania, Marco Bottinelli, Nadeeka Wawagema, Miklos Gyuranecz, Anne V Gautier-Bouchardon, Inna Lysnyansky, Jeanine Wiegel, Franca Möller Palau-Ribes, Ana S Ramirez","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2419037","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2419037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Mycoplasma gallisepticum</i> (Mg) and <i>Mycoplasma synoviae</i> (Ms) are regarded as the most important avian mycoplasma species for today's chicken and turkey farming industry from clinical and economical perspectives. Control strategies for Mg and Ms have become more efficient due to investments in mycoplasma research over the last 70 years. These investments have contributed to the further implementation of serological and molecular testing, the development of vaccines, and the improvement of antimicrobial treatment strategies. However, the increasing spotlight on welfare, the pressure on prudent use of antimicrobials, and the expected global increase in poultry production, are going to have an impact on the future control of avian mycoplasmas in commercial poultry. In this paper a group of avian mycoplasma experts discuss the future challenges in mycoplasma control considering the background of these expected changes and the relevance for future avian mycoplasma research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"168-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combination of infectious bronchitis virus BR1 and Mass vaccines provides broad protection.","authors":"Hanneke Bataille, Robert Jan Molenaar, Gustavo Schaefer, Marcelo Zuanaze, Sjaak De Wit","doi":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2415668","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03079457.2024.2415668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two vaccination-challenge trials were performed using a commercial infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) BR1 vaccine, given alone or combined with a commercial IBV Mass vaccine against challenges with IBV M41, 793B, D388 (QX), Q1, Brasil-1 or Variant 2 challenge viruses, which includes the IB viruses that are dominant in South America. The efficacy of the vaccines against the challenge viruses was investigated by determination of the ciliary activity of the tracheal epithelium after challenge. The level of protection induced by the IBV BR1 vaccine alone against the six IBV challenge strains, of which five were of heterologous genotypes, varied from 50% to 100% with an average of 80%. The level of protection induced by the combination of the IBV BR1 and IBV Mass vaccines against the six IBV challenge strains, of which four were of heterologous genotypes, varied from 80% to 100% with an average of 92%. Vaccination with IBV BR1 alone provided a high level of protection against most tested challenge viruses, though the combination of IBV BR1 and IBV Mass was more consistent, showing less variation and compliance with the criterium mentioned in the European Pharmacopoeia 10th edition (at least 80% protection) for all tested challenge viruses. These trials show that vaccination with a combination of IBV BR1 and IBV Mass vaccines provides high levels of protection against the circulating IBV strains in South America.</p>","PeriodicalId":8788,"journal":{"name":"Avian Pathology","volume":" ","pages":"234-240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}