Avian Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Full Issue","authors":"B. Rispens, Bart Helmich, Rispens, B. Rispens, Suzanne Y. Dougherty","doi":"10.1637/0005-2086-60.4.fmii","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086-60.4.fmii","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"60 1","pages":"fmii"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1637/0005-2086-60.4.fmii","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44905368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AAAP Awards","authors":"","doi":"10.1637/0005-2086-66.4.487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086-66.4.487","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"293 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135909207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1637/0005-2086-66.4.fmi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086-66.4.fmi","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135909510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian Pathology Volume 52 Number 1 February 2023 Table of Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1637/0005-2086-66.4.508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086-66.4.508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"66 1","pages":"508 - 508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43183979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full Issue","authors":"","doi":"10.1637/0005-2086-66.4.fmiii","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086-66.4.fmiii","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135909515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion Body Disease and Columbid Alphaherpesvirus 1 Infection in a Eurasian Eagle-Owl (<i>Bubo bubo</i>) of Central Italy.","authors":"Giuseppe Giglia,&nbsp;Elvio Lepri,&nbsp;Margherita Orlandi,&nbsp;Ilaria Porcellato,&nbsp;Isabella Costantino,&nbsp;Elisa Rampacci,&nbsp;Fabrizio Passamonti,&nbsp;Maria Teresa Mandara,&nbsp;Valentina Stefanetti","doi":"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatosplenitis or inclusion body disease is a fatal disease in owls caused by Columbid alphaherpesvirus 1 (CoHV-1). A few old case reports describe it worldwide. In Italy, knowledge regarding virus circulation and disease development is lacking. Four Eurasian eagle-owls (<i>Bubo bubo</i>), two adults and two juveniles, were submitted for postmortem examination showing aspecific clinical signs a few hours before death. Grossly disseminated petechial hemorrhages on serosal surfaces (<i>n</i> = 4), hepatic and splenic necrosis (<i>n</i> = 3), bilateral and symmetric necrosis of pharyngeal tonsils (<i>n</i> = 2), and diffuse and bilateral dark-red discoloration and firmness in lungs (<i>n</i> = 2) were seen. Tissues were sampled for histology, bacteriology, molecular testing, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). On histology, disseminated petechial hemorrhages (<i>n</i> = 4) and necrosis of liver (<i>n</i> = 3) and spleen (<i>n</i> = 3) were seen, as well as lympho-histiocytic interstitial pneumonia and meningoencephalitis (<i>n</i> = 2). Intranuclear inclusion bodies (INIBs) were detected in one case. A panherpesviral PCR led to positive results in one case, identified in sequencing as CoHV-1. On TEM, intranuclear and intracytoplasmic virions with herpesviral morphology were seen in the same case. For the other three birds, the lack of PCR positivity, INIBs, and TEM detection could be linked to a possible reduction of the virus to undetectable levels. Death possibly occurred secondarily to bacterial infections, supposedly established during the acute phase of CoHV-1 infection. This paper reports the presence of CoHV-1in Italy and the development of a fatal form of the disease in a Eurasian eagle-owl.</p>","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"66 4","pages":"404-409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10719567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Immune Response and Identification of Antibody Epitopes Against the Sigma C Protein of Avian Orthoreovirus Following Immunization with Live or Inactivated Vaccines.","authors":"W H Dawe,&nbsp;D R Kapczynski,&nbsp;E G Linnemann,&nbsp;V R Gauthiersloan,&nbsp;H S Sellers","doi":"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-99992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-99992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian orthoreoviruses are causative agents of tenosynovitis and viral arthritis in both chickens and turkeys. Current commercial reovirus vaccines do not protect against disease caused by emerging variants. Custom-made inactivated reovirus vaccines are commonly utilized to help protect commercial poultry against disease. Antibody epitopes located on the viral attachment protein, σC, involved in virus neutralization, have not been clearly identified. In this study, the S1133 vaccine strain (Genetic Cluster 1 [GC1], a GC1 field isolate (117816), and a GC5 field isolate (94826) were determined to be genetically and serologically unrelated. In addition, chickens were vaccinated with either a commercial S1133 vaccine, 117816 GC1, or 94826 GC5, and sera were used in peptide microarrays to identify linear B-cell epitopes within the σC protein. Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were vaccinated twice with either: 1) live and live, 2) inactivated and inactivated, or 3) a combination of live and inactivated vaccines. Epitope mapping was performed on individual serum samples from birds in each group using S1133, 117816, and 94826 σC sequences translated into an overlapping peptides and spotted onto microarray chips. Vaccination with a combination of live and inactivated viruses resulted in a greater number of B-cell binding sites on the outer-capsid domains of σC for 117816 and 94826, but not for S1133. In contrast, the S1133-vaccinated birds demonstrated fewer epitopes, and those epitopes were located in the stalk region of the protein. However, within each of the vaccinated groups, the highest virus-neutralization titers were observed in the live/inactivated groups. This study demonstrates differences in antibody binding sites within σC between genetically and antigenically distinct reoviruses and provides initial antigenic characterization of avian orthoreoviruses and insight into the inability of vaccine-induced antibodies to provide adequate protection against variant reovirus-induced disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"66 4","pages":"465-478"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10731698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and Economic Impact of Reovirus in the Poultry Industries in the United States.","authors":"David French","doi":"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-99993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-99993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avian reoviruses have sole or partial responsibility for a wide range of conditions that are of economic concern to the poultry industries in the United States. It is difficult, however, to determine the exact cost of reoviral-induced disease to this industry for several reasons. Avian reoviruses are ubiquitous in commercial poultry operations, but vary greatly in their ability to cause disease. Many reovirus isolates are not pathogenic, and this contributes to the difficulty in determining their role in production losses or whether they are merely coincidental findings of little or no importance. Results of infection with this virus can be difficult to measure in a commercial setting, aside from morbidity, mortality, or loss of finished product in a processing plant due to condemnation or trim. The fact that there is a relatively high morbidity rate, and at the same time a low mortality rate, makes it extremely difficult to accurately estimate the economic impact of infection with this virus. Variations in the pathogenicity of the virus, the extent of infection within a flock, the blending of progeny from different breeder source flocks into a broiler house, and the lack of separation of infected birds from uninfected birds at processing makes evaluation of economic variables, such as feed conversion and weight gain, very difficult to ascertain. The broiler and turkey industries have been surveyed on the importance of this virus in their respective operations and the results will be consolidated here to consider the economic impact to the poultry industries in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"66 4","pages":"432-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10719568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian Reoviruses from Clinical Cases of Tenosynovitis: An Overview of Diagnostic Approaches and 10-Year Review of Isolations and Genetic Characterization.","authors":"Holly S Sellers","doi":"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-99990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-99990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reoviral-induced tenosynovitis/viral arthritis is an economically significant disease of poultry. Affected birds present with lameness, unilateral or bilateral swollen hock joints or shanks, and/or reluctance to move. In severe cases, rupture of the gastrocnemius or digital flexor tendons may occur, and significant culling may be necessary. Historically, vaccination with a combination of modified live and inactivated vaccines has successfully controlled disease. Proper vaccination reduced vertical transmission and provided maternal-derived antibodies to progeny to protect against disease, at an age when they were most susceptible. Starting in 2011-2012, an increased incidence of tenosynovitis/viral arthritis was observed in chickens and turkeys. In chickens, progeny from reovirus-vaccinated breeders were affected, suggesting commercial vaccines did not provide adequate protection against disease. In turkeys, clinical disease was primarily in males, although females can also be affected. The most significant signs were observed around 14-16 wks of age and include reluctance to move, lameness, and limping on one or both legs. The incidence of tenosynovitis/viral arthritis presently remains high. Reoviruses isolated from clinical cases are genetically and antigenically characterized as variants, meaning they are different from vaccine strains. Characterization of the field isolates reveals multiple new genotypes and serotypes that are significantly different from commercial vaccines and each other. In 2012, a single prevalent virus was isolated from a majority of the cases submitted to the Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center at the University of Georgia. Genetic characterization of the σC protein revealed the early isolates belonged to genetic cluster (GC) 5. Soon after the initial identification of the GC5 variant reovirus, many broiler companies incorporated these isolates from their farms into their autogenous vaccines and continue to do so today. The incidence of GC5 field isolates has decreased significantly, likely because of the widespread use of the isolates in autogenous vaccines. Unfortunately, variant reoviruses belonging to multiple GCs have emerged, despite inclusion of these isolates in autogenous vaccines. In this review, an overview of nomenclature, sample collection, and diagnostic testing will be covered, and a summary of variant reoviruses isolated from clinical cases of tenosynovitis/viral arthritis over the past 10 yrs will be provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"66 4","pages":"420-426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10731693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field Control of Avian Reoviruses in Commercial Broiler Production.","authors":"Tyler C Gamble,&nbsp;Holly S Sellers","doi":"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-99991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-99991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prevention of tenosynovitis/viral arthritis caused by variant avian reoviruses within commercial broiler production has become increasingly more challenging because of the lack of protection afforded by the current commercially available vaccines. Avian reoviruses isolated from clinical cases of tenosynovitis/viral arthritis in recent years are antigenically distinct from nearly all of the commercially licensed modified live and inactivated biologics available in the United States. The emergence of new variants is likely shaped by a lack of homologous protection coupled with selection pressure influences and results in antigenically diverse populations of avian reoviruses. One tool available to the poultry industry is the use of autogenous (custom) vaccines. Although these can be effective, isolation, characterization, and screening of isolates from clinical cases is paramount for the selection of isolates to include in these vaccines. With no treatment options, control can only be attained via prevention of infection. To achieve this goal, commercially licensed products with antigenic applicability and broadly cross-protective vaccine strains are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"66 4","pages":"427-431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10731692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}