腱鞘炎临床病例中的禽呼肠孤病毒:诊断方法综述和10年的分离和遗传表征综述。

IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Holly S Sellers
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引用次数: 6

摘要

呼肠孤病毒引起的腱鞘炎/病毒性关节炎是一种经济上重要的家禽疾病。患病鸟表现为跛行,单侧或双侧飞节或小腿肿胀,和/或不愿移动。在严重的情况下,腓肠肌或指屈肌腱可能发生断裂,可能需要进行大量剔除。从历史上看,结合改良活疫苗和灭活疫苗接种已成功地控制了疾病。适当的疫苗接种减少了垂直传播,并在最易受感染的年龄为后代提供了来自母亲的抗体,以预防疾病。从2011-2012年开始,观察到鸡和火鸡腱鞘炎/病毒性关节炎的发病率增加。在鸡中,呼肠孤病毒疫苗饲养者的后代受到影响,这表明商业疫苗不能提供足够的预防疾病的保护。在火鸡中,临床疾病主要发生在雄性,尽管雌性也会受到影响。最显著的症状出现在14-16周左右,包括不愿移动,跛行,一条或两条腿跛行。腱鞘炎/病毒性关节炎的发病率目前仍然很高。从临床病例中分离出的呼肠孤病毒在遗传和抗原性上具有变异特征,这意味着它们与疫苗株不同。野外分离株的特征揭示了多种新的基因型和血清型,它们与商业疫苗和彼此之间存在显著差异。2012年,从提交给佐治亚大学家禽诊断和研究中心的大多数病例中分离出一种流行病毒。σC蛋白的遗传特征表明,早期分离物属于遗传簇(GC) 5。在初步鉴定出GC5型呼肠孤病毒变种后不久,许多肉鸡公司将这些来自其农场的分离株纳入其自身疫苗中,并在今天继续这样做。GC5野外分离株的发病率已显著下降,这可能是因为在自体疫苗中广泛使用了分离株。不幸的是,尽管在自体疫苗中包含了这些分离株,但仍出现了属于多种GCs的呼肠孤病毒变体。在这篇综述中,概述了命名、样本收集和诊断测试,并总结了过去10年来从腱鞘炎/病毒性关节炎的临床病例中分离到的变异型呼肠孤病毒。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Avian Reoviruses from Clinical Cases of Tenosynovitis: An Overview of Diagnostic Approaches and 10-Year Review of Isolations and Genetic Characterization.

Reoviral-induced tenosynovitis/viral arthritis is an economically significant disease of poultry. Affected birds present with lameness, unilateral or bilateral swollen hock joints or shanks, and/or reluctance to move. In severe cases, rupture of the gastrocnemius or digital flexor tendons may occur, and significant culling may be necessary. Historically, vaccination with a combination of modified live and inactivated vaccines has successfully controlled disease. Proper vaccination reduced vertical transmission and provided maternal-derived antibodies to progeny to protect against disease, at an age when they were most susceptible. Starting in 2011-2012, an increased incidence of tenosynovitis/viral arthritis was observed in chickens and turkeys. In chickens, progeny from reovirus-vaccinated breeders were affected, suggesting commercial vaccines did not provide adequate protection against disease. In turkeys, clinical disease was primarily in males, although females can also be affected. The most significant signs were observed around 14-16 wks of age and include reluctance to move, lameness, and limping on one or both legs. The incidence of tenosynovitis/viral arthritis presently remains high. Reoviruses isolated from clinical cases are genetically and antigenically characterized as variants, meaning they are different from vaccine strains. Characterization of the field isolates reveals multiple new genotypes and serotypes that are significantly different from commercial vaccines and each other. In 2012, a single prevalent virus was isolated from a majority of the cases submitted to the Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center at the University of Georgia. Genetic characterization of the σC protein revealed the early isolates belonged to genetic cluster (GC) 5. Soon after the initial identification of the GC5 variant reovirus, many broiler companies incorporated these isolates from their farms into their autogenous vaccines and continue to do so today. The incidence of GC5 field isolates has decreased significantly, likely because of the widespread use of the isolates in autogenous vaccines. Unfortunately, variant reoviruses belonging to multiple GCs have emerged, despite inclusion of these isolates in autogenous vaccines. In this review, an overview of nomenclature, sample collection, and diagnostic testing will be covered, and a summary of variant reoviruses isolated from clinical cases of tenosynovitis/viral arthritis over the past 10 yrs will be provided.

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来源期刊
Avian Diseases
Avian Diseases 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
7.10%
发文量
80
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Avian Diseases is an international journal dedicated to publishing original basic or clinical research of the highest quality from various disciplines including microbiology, immunology, pathology and epidemiology. Papers on avian diseases relevant to etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and control are accepted. Manuscripts dealing with avian species other than poultry will be considered only if the subject is relevant to poultry health.
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