Journal of Materials Chemistry C最新文献

{"title":"MXene nanosheets modified with different intercalators as the separator for lithium–sulfur batteries","authors":"Jie Zhang, Yubo Yao, Xiaolei Song, Kaixiang Shi and Ying Song","doi":"10.1039/D4TC05447D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC05447D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The shuttle effect and sluggish reaction kinetics induced by soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in the electrolyte significantly hinder the commercial viability of lithium–sulfur batteries. Two-dimensional MXene materials have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the performance of separators in lithium–sulfur batteries. In this study, MAX-phase MXene was etched using an HF-HCl acid mixture and subsequently intercalated with various agents, including lithium chloride (LiCl, L-MXene) and tetra-methylammonium hydroxide (TMAH, T-MXene), with the unmodified M-MXene serving as a comparison. These three types of MXene materials were used as separators in lithium–sulfur batteries, and their impacts on battery performance were evaluated through a series of electrochemical tests. The results demonstrated that the intercalated MXene significantly enhanced both the catalytic activity and the trapping efficiency of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), leading to improved rate performance and cycling stability in the lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery. The battery fabricated with L-MXene intercalated with LiCl exhibited an impressive initial capacity of 1076.9 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small> at a charge/discharge rate of 0.2C. Even when the rate was increased to 1C, the initial capacity remained at 760 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small>. After 500 charge/discharge cycles, the capacity remained 559 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small>, corresponding to a capacity retention of 73%.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 20","pages":" 10103-10110"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple medium-bandgap quinoidal A–D–A non-fullerene acceptor for ternary organic solar cells†","authors":"Shyam Shankar S., María Privado, Pilar de la Cruz, Fernando Langa and Ganesh D. Sharma","doi":"10.1039/D5TC00724K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC00724K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The composition of the bulk heterojunction active layers in organic solar cells is crucial to their photovoltaic performance. Highly efficient organic solar cells have been constructed by the so-called ternary approach due to its process simplicity and diverse donor and acceptor materials. In the study described here, the simple medium-bandgap closed-shell quinoidal A–D–A non-fullerene small molecule acceptor <strong>QDT1</strong>, <em>i.e.</em>, 4,4-dihexyl-4<em>H</em>-cyclopenta[2,1-<em>b</em>:3,4-<em>b</em>′]dithiophene (CPDT), was used as a guest acceptor in the PBDB-T:Y6 host binary active layer to fabricate ternary organic solar cells. <strong>QDT1</strong> has an absorption profile that is complementary to those of the host active materials (PBDB-T and Y6). This matching of profiles is beneficial for light-harvesting and ultimately enhances the photocurrent in the OSC devices. Ternary organic solar cells fabricated in ambient conditions with the optimized PBDB-T : <strong>QDT1</strong> : Y6 (1.0 : 0.2 : 1.0) active layer gave an overall power conversion efficiency of 13.31%, which is better than that of the PBDB-T:Y6 counterpart (11.17%). The higher PCE in the ternary system is mainly attributed to the higher short circuit photocurrent and fill factor along with a decreased energy loss. The increases in photocurrent and fill factor can both be attributed to faster exciton dissociation, energy transfer from <strong>QDT1</strong> to Y6, more rapid charge extraction, extended charge carrier lifetime and lower charge recombination. The organic solar cells based on a PBDB-T:<strong>QDT1</strong> active layer provided a PCE greater than 23% under indoor illumination (white LED).</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 21","pages":" 10780-10788"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/tc/d5tc00724k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial vision system design and implementation based on BaSrTiO3 & Nd2O3 composite memristors for efficient pattern recognition†","authors":"Hui He, Chao Liu, Yifei Pei and Xiaobing Yan","doi":"10.1039/D4TC04138K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC04138K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the context of the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology, artificial vision systems play a crucial role as an integral component, mimicking human visual functionality. However, traditional artificial vision systems are typically implemented through algorithms that require substantial computational power during operation. Therefore, finding a more efficient method to emulate biological vision systems remains a significant challenge. To address these challenges, we fabricated memristor devices with barium strontium titanate (BST) and neodymium oxide (Nd<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small>) composite materials as the functional layer, which exhibit optoelectronic properties. Compared to pure BST devices, BST&amp;Nd<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> devices demonstrate superior electrical performance, stability over 1 × 10<small>⁴</small> times, and light response with a 4 μA photocurrent that can be repeated. Testing results revealed that the devices possess the capability to simulate synapses and photoreceptor cells simultaneously. Therefore, based on the performance of the devices and the leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron model, we designed and constructed an artificial vision system. In this system, the BST&amp;Nd<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> device is used to simulate the photosensitive cells of the biological retina and the synapses connected to LIF neurons, while the LIF artificial neurons are constructed using hardware circuits. By leveraging the device's high photoresponse current of 4 μA and its ability to emulate the learning capabilities of biological synapses, we simulated the response to light signals and the ability to recognize digits. The system can successfully recognize 10 different digits after just 10 light signal trainings. Experimental results demonstrate that the constructed artificial vision system exhibits excellent performance and recognition capability, providing new avenues and methods for the application of novel materials in the field of artificial intelligence.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 20","pages":" 10168-10177"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of oxygen vacancy reduction on the dielectric, energy storage, and electrocaloric properties of annealed BCZT ceramic","authors":"Vartika Khandelwal, Piyush Siroha, Soumyaranjan Barik, S. Satapathy, Sonali Pradhan, Ashok Kumar, Surendra Kumar, Narendra Jakhar, Ramovatar and Neeraj Panwar","doi":"10.1039/D5TC00115C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC00115C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Through this study, we address the challenge of oxygen vacancy-induced performance degradation of lead-free Ba<small>_0.98</small>Ca<small>_0.02</small>Zr<small>_0.07</small>Ti<small>_0.93</small>O<small>₃</small> (BCZT) ceramic. In particular, we focus on the role of post-sintering annealing in reducing oxygen vacancies and the ensuing enhancement in the functionalities of BCZT ceramics. BCZT ceramic was synthesized through the conventional solid-state reaction method, and post-sintering annealing was employed to mitigate the oxygen vacancies. The annealed compound revealed the coexistence of tetragonal and orthorhombic phases, which was confirmed through the refinement of the X-ray diffraction pattern and further supported by Raman spectroscopy. At the Curie temperature (<em>T</em><small>_C</small> ∼ 93 °C) and 1 kHz frequency, BCZT ceramic displayed an exceptional dielectric constant of ∼14 685 and a low dielectric loss of 0.04. The annealed ceramic achieved a recoverable energy density (<em>W</em><small>_rec</small>) of 195.91 mJ cm<small>⁻³</small> with an outstanding energy efficiency of 91.20%, derived from the first quadrant of the ferroelectric hysteresis loop at <em>T</em><small>_c</small>. Additionally, the ceramic showed an impressive value of ∼1450 pm V<small>⁻¹</small> of the effective converse piezoelectric coefficient (<img>) under application of an electric field of 20 kV cm<small>⁻¹</small>. The electrocaloric properties revealed an adiabatic temperature change (Δ<em>T</em>) of 1.24 K and an isothermal entropy change (Δ<em>S</em>) of 1.36 J Kg<small>⁻¹</small> K<small>⁻¹</small> at <em>T</em><small>_c</small>. These exceptional properties are attributed to the synergistic effects of the optimized <em>c</em>/<em>a</em> ratio, high density, and fewer oxygen vacancies achieved through post-sintering annealing.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 20","pages":" 10178-10193"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved infrared emissivity modulation of polyaniline based on various metal compound doping strategies†","authors":"Yu Zhou, Jinxu Zhao, Xiansheng Li, Bin Zhao, Gang Pei, Jianming Zheng and Chunye Xu","doi":"10.1039/D5TC00304K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC00304K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polyaniline (PANI) has the potential to control infrared emissivity but suffers from insufficient modulation. We mitigate this deficiency by employing metal compound doping to modify the structure and composition of PANI. The blackbody radiation-weighted emissivity modulation (Δ<em>ε</em>) in the 8–14 μm band increases from 0.055 without doping to 0.524 with manganese (Mn) doping. Thermal imaging confirms the remarkable infrared modulation of metal-doped PANI films. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using metal-doped PANI films for infrared thermal control applications and are expected to be used for innovations in smart thermal management.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 20","pages":" 10231-10241"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High piezoelectric performance in KNN-based ceramics with multiphase coexistence for plateau climate applications","authors":"Hong Tao, Chen Liao, Zixin Liu, Bo Wu, Chunlin Zhao, Wenjuan Wu, Lin Zhao and Jian Ma","doi":"10.1039/D5TC00656B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC00656B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As monitoring techniques are increasingly used in extreme environments, performance in extremely cold regions becomes a critical issue for sensing materials and devices. Due to reduced polarity and poor polarization rotation under external fields, optimizing the piezoelectric response remains challenging. Herein, rhombohedral–orthorhombic–tetragonal (R–O–T) phase boundary was successfully formed at −50 to 50 °C, with decreased phase transition temperatures in potassium sodium niobate ceramics. High polarity and enhanced polarization rotation were revealed with the R–O–T phase boundary, which was attributed to the refined domain structure and lowered polarization anisotropy, both of which could flatten the polarization energy barrier. Consequently, large piezoelectric properties (<em>d</em><small>₃₃</small> = 300–420 pC N<small>⁻¹</small>, <em>k</em><small>_p</small> = 0.36–0.38), along with improved ferroelectricity, were achieved at −40 to 50 °C for the samples, which were superior to those of pure phase or rhombohedral–orthorhombic (R–O) phase boundary compositions. This study demonstrates a strategy for developing high-performance piezoelectric materials suitable for extremely cold regions, facilitating the application of monitoring techniques in plateau environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 20","pages":" 10242-10250"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlative spectroscopy mapping of the prospective photovoltaic material bournonite using Raman and cathodoluminescence†","authors":"O. M. Rigby, C. Hill, G. Kusch, M. Guennou, M. Szablewski, R. A. Oliver, L. Wirtz, P. Dale and B. G. Mendis","doi":"10.1039/D5TC00630A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC00630A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The polar material bournonite (CuPbSbS<small>₃</small>) is of interest as a new absorber layer for thin-film photovoltaics. At present, efficiencies are low and there is a lack of fundamental knowledge on the structural and optoelectronic properties of the material in thin-film form. In this study, we report complete experimental Raman spectra, which are interpreted with the help of <em>ab initio</em> calculations. Raman maps reveal variation of relative peak intensities both within grains and across grains as most likely caused by crystal anisotropy. We also present correlated hyperspectral cathodoluminescence (CL) results and observe a red shift of the CL peak wavelength of 5 to 15 nm at the bournonite grain boundaries. Transmission electron microscopy reveals Cu enrichment along grain boundaries that, together with Cu<small>_Pb</small> antisite and interstitial Cu point defect formation, is proposed to cause the luminescence red shift.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 20","pages":" 10262-10270"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/tc/d5tc00630a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Odd–even effect controls twist-elasticity of an organic fluorophore in cocrystals prepared using mechanochemistry†","authors":"Nabadeep Kalita, Poonam Deka, Ishita Ghosh, Kalyan Jyoti Kalita, Ashish Gogoi, C. Malla Reddy and Ranjit Thakuria","doi":"10.1039/D5TC00313J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC00313J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The odd–even effect is a fascinating phenomenon observed in various systems where properties of a series of compounds exhibit alternating patterns depending on whether a specific parameter (often the number of repeating units or a specific structural feature) is odd or even. This effect is significant in solid-state chemistry as it influences diverse physical properties of materials, <em>viz.</em> melting point, solubility, elastic modulus, intrinsic dissolution rate, thermal expansion, <em>etc.</em> However, the odd–even effect on the photophysical behaviour of organic chromophores during co-crystalization is not explored in the literature. Herein, as a proof-of-concept, we co-crystallized a novel organic chromophore (<strong>PDAN-1</strong>) with a series of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and showed that fluorescence emission shows an odd–even alteration on their emission maximum similar to other physical parameters. Our in-depth crystal structure analysis reveals that variation of the dicarboxylic acids affects the twist-elasticity of <strong>PDAN-1</strong> and thus results in a change of crystal packing, thereby, the odd–even effect in solid-state fluorescence. Moreover, nanomechanical analysis and melting point measurements compliment our odd–even effect on the cocrystal.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 21","pages":" 10769-10779"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending the light response range of organic photoelectric synaptic transistors by p-doping†","authors":"Jie Huang, Shunhong Dong and Qingdong Zheng","doi":"10.1039/D5TC00345H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC00345H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Organic optoelectronic synaptic transistors show great promise as a platform for future artificial visual synapses and integrated computing-storage systems due to their biocompatibility and excellent flexibility. However, the light response range of current organic optoelectronic synaptic transistors is limited to the visible and near infrared (IR) spectrum because of the intrinsic light absorption properties of organic materials. Given the significant potential applications of the infrared (or short-wavelength infrared, SWIR) spectrum in artificial synapse development, there is an urgent need for simple and effective methods to extend the optoelectronic synaptic response into the short-wavelength IR range. Here, we present an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) that operates as an optoelectronic synaptic device, achieving a significantly broadened spectral response by utilizing a charge transfer complex composed of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl). At the wavelength of 1550 nm, the device exhibits an impressive 7920% enhancement in light response. Our artificial synaptic device not only replicates typical synaptic activity and mimics the human brain's learning processes but also demonstrates capabilities in optical information sensing, processing, and array imaging. Notably, owing to the pyro-phototronic effect of the active layer excited at 1550 nm, the artificial synapse achieves ultra-low power (40 fJ) operation under extremely low bias (−85.2 μV), addressing the challenge of achieving reliable, light-modulated neuromorphic applications with low power consumption. This study presents a straightforward yet effective approach for advancing neuromorphic computing in the SWIR region.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 20","pages":" 10251-10261"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexistence of large positive and negative electrocaloric effects near room temperature in a Pb1−x(Li,La)xZrO3/Ca3Mn2O7 heterojunction†","authors":"Wenyue Zhao, Zhao Wang, Yazhou Peng, Lei Shi, Wenjing Hua, Xiaoxia Yang, Jie Wang, Weidong Fei and Yu Zhao","doi":"10.1039/D4TC04955A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TC04955A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrocaloric refrigeration films have a very significant potential for application in the field of microelectronics. However, it is difficult for the refrigeration efficiency of a single positive/negative electrocaloric effect to match the demand, because it can only cool when the electric field is removed or applied. Herein, the coexistence of large positive and negative electrocaloric effects is obtained in a Pb<small>_{1−<em>x</em>}</small>(Li<small>_0.5</small>La<small>_0.5</small>)<small>_<em>x</em></small>ZrO<small>₂</small>/Ca<small>₃</small>Mn<small>₂</small>O<small>₇</small> (PLLZ/CMO) heterojunction near room temperature. The built-in electric field is induced in the heterojunction region, and it can regulate the phase structure of the PLLZ layer in the heterojunction region with the help of the external electric field. In addition, Li<small>⁺</small>–La<small>³⁺</small> doping suppresses the phase transition of the PLLZ layer, and thus the change in the sign of the temperature is regulated by the external electric field. The adiabatic temperature changes of the PLLZ/CMO bilayer film with <em>x</em> = 0.4 at 303 K are 33 K at 550 kV cm<small>⁻¹</small> and −1.54 K at 140 kV cm<small>⁻¹</small>. The large positive and negative temperature changes regulated by the voltage indicate a reliable technique for practical production.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 19","pages":" 9888-9895"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}