{"title":"Self-activated nonreciprocal transmission isolation via absorption-asymmetry-triggered directional phase transition in VO2-based terahertz metamaterials","authors":"Chenxi Liu, Yanlin Xu, Hanqing Liu and He Ma","doi":"10.1039/D5TC02947C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC02947C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study theoretically and numerically establishes a novel strategy for self-activated nonreciprocal transmission isolation in terahertz metamaterials, exploiting the absorption asymmetry of a vanadium dioxide (VO<small><sub>2</sub></small>)-based structure to trigger directional phase transition under high-intensity illumination. Through coupled electromagnetic-thermal simulations, we analyze a tri-layer design where asymmetric absorption at specific frequencies—depending on incidence direction—induces markedly different thermal profiles. Crucially, high-intensity waves incident from the VO<small><sub>2</sub></small> side generate sufficient absorption-induced heating to surpass the phase transition threshold locally. This self-triggered phase change drastically suppresses transmission selectively for this direction, while waves incident from the opposing side experience significantly lower absorption and heating, maintaining high transmission. This fundamental asymmetry in thermal response enables nonreciprocal isolation without external excitation. Additionally, the transmission and absorption spectra are analyzed and the influences of absorption asymmetry, irradiation duration, incident power, and polarization direction are also investigated. This work demonstrates that harnessing absorption asymmetry to directionally control phase transition establishes a new paradigm for achieving nonreciprocal electromagnetic wave manipulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 40","pages":" 20491-20499"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/tc/d5tc02947c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice Colatrella, Ivan Bondarenko, Rachel J. Liu, Michael Bernhardt, Tie-Yan Chang, Yu-Sheng Chen and Gonzalo Campillo-Alvarado
{"title":"Temperature-driven molecular dynamics initiate thermochromism and luminescence modulation in an anthracene-based organic semiconductor crystal","authors":"Alice Colatrella, Ivan Bondarenko, Rachel J. Liu, Michael Bernhardt, Tie-Yan Chang, Yu-Sheng Chen and Gonzalo Campillo-Alvarado","doi":"10.1039/D5TC00897B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC00897B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We introduce the thermochromic ability of 9,10-bis((<em>E</em>)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)anthracene (<strong>BP4VA</strong>), an organic semiconductor (OSC) employed in optoelectronics. Specifically, crystals of <strong>BP4VA</strong> undergo a change in color and fluorescence intensity upon the addition of heat. Rationale is provided by variable temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction (VT-SCXRD) experiments using synchrotron radiation, which revealed detailed molecular and supramolecular rearrangements in the crystal. Increasing temperature results in variations of distance and twist angle between aromatic rings and intramolecular pedal motion, in combination with changes in intermolecular geometries of anthracene cores. Analysis of surface topographies of crystals before and after stimulus is provided by scanning electron microscopy and cross-polarized electron microscopy. Our work shows the potential of temperature-induced property modulation in OSC materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 40","pages":" 20735-20741"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A single-walled carbon nanotube-based phototransistor for neuromorphic vision applications","authors":"Jiahao Yao, Jing Xu, Hui Li, Litao Sun, Jianwen Zhao and Hongxuan Guo","doi":"10.1039/D5TC02457A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC02457A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >With the continuous expansion of sensor networks, a vast amount of unstructured data is being generated, leading to frequent data transfers between sensors and computing units. This imposes significant challenges in terms of energy consumption, latency, storage, bandwidth, and data security. To address these issues, artificial synaptic devices have emerged as a research focus in neuromorphic hardware systems due to their suitability for novel parallel computing architectures, which offer higher efficiency and energy performance compared to the traditional von Neumann architecture when handling complex, large-scale information processing tasks. In this study, we present an inkjet-printed optoelectronic synaptic thin-film transistor (OSTFT) based on semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs), employing aluminum oxide (Al<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>3</sub></small>) as the gate dielectric and a photoresponsive organic semiconductor material, C<small><sub>74</sub></small>H<small><sub>80</sub></small>N<small><sub>6</sub></small>S<small><sub>4</sub></small> (OP064), as the light-sensitive layer. The device is capable of emulating key biological synaptic functions under both optical and electrical stimulation. A range of synaptic plasticity behaviors, including excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC), paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), and spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), have been systematically demonstrated. Furthermore, leveraging these synaptic functionalities, a spiking neural network (SNN) was constructed and validated through simulation for image classification on the MNIST dataset, exhibiting promising performance. This work highlights the potential of inkjet-printed sc-SWCNT-based OSTFTs incorporating OP064 as a photoresponsive medium in neuromorphic computing applications and provides a viable path toward high-efficiency, low-latency intelligent information processing systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 41","pages":" 21027-21033"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi-Zuo Chu, Chien-Yin Lin, You-Sheng Zhang and Mei-Yu Yeh
{"title":"Temperature-responsive hydrogels with adaptive coloration and superior mechanical performance","authors":"Yi-Zuo Chu, Chien-Yin Lin, You-Sheng Zhang and Mei-Yu Yeh","doi":"10.1039/D5TC02050F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC02050F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Temperature-adaptive coloration hydrogels, which mimic the thermally responsive color-changing abilities of animals such as chameleons and certain fish species, can reversibly adjust their optical appearance in response to temperature changes. This dynamic responsiveness is vital for applications in smart sensing, dynamic camouflage, and anti-counterfeiting technologies. In this study, we developed a multifunctional hydrogel (AP-β-Py) that exhibits temperature-responsive color modulation alongside outstanding mechanical performance. The hydrogel was synthesized <em>via</em> the copolymerization of acrylamide (AAM) and a fluorescent monomer, pyrene-functionalized 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (Py-HEMA), and structurally reinforced through supramolecular host–guest interactions, where β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) served as the host and dialdehyde-functionalized polyethylene glycol (DF-PEG) acted as the guest. This design enables the hydrogel to form a dynamic yet robust polymer network with tunable fluorescence, mechanical strength, self-recovery properties, and superior adhesion to various surfaces. Additionally, the AP-β-Py hydrogel exhibits extraordinary mechanical properties, including high elongation (>1000%), excellent puncture resistance, and the ability to recover its original properties after stretching, twisting, and being subjected to high-load conditions. These attributes ensure its structural integrity and functionality, even under extreme deformation. The AP-β-Py hydrogel represents a novel material platform with immense potential for use in smart sensors, biological imaging, anti-counterfeiting applications, and next-generation robotic skin.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 38","pages":" 19884-19893"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lead-free halide double-perovskite nanocrystals: structure, synthesis, optoelectronic properties, and applications","authors":"Song Wang, Hongyan Li, Lihong Qi and Kai Pan","doi":"10.1039/D5TC02430G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC02430G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In recent years, lead-free halide double perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as potential alternatives to traditional lead-based halide perovskite NCs owing to their environmentally friendly nature, robust intrinsic thermodynamic stability, and rich and tunable optoelectronic properties. However, challenges remain regarding their optoelectronic properties, including low energy conversion efficiency, poor photoluminescence quantum yield, intrinsic and surface defects, indirect and wide bandgaps, and parity-forbidden transition. Herein, this review systematically introduces recent progress in lead-free halide double perovskite NCs, encompassing their crystal structures, electronic properties, and photoluminescent mechanisms. We emphasize strategies for enhancing their optoelectronic properties and stability through synthesis methods, alloying, and doping, aiming to improve the potential applications of these NCs in optoelectronic devices. Building upon these strategies, the preliminary applications of these NCs in LEDs are then emphasized. Building upon these strategies, the preliminary applications of these NCs in optoelectronic devices is then emphasized. Furthermore, the key challenges and future directions in the development of efficient and stable lead-free perovskite NCs are discussed, providing theoretical and technical guidance for further advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 37","pages":" 19080-19105"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nabila Yasmeen, Nada Morsy, Mariam Badawi, Roberta Gagliani, Sung Mun Lee, Emmanuel Stratakis, Lucia Gemma Delogu, Yarjan Samad and Anna-Maria Pappa
{"title":"2D and layered materials for bio-integrated devices: insights into their multiscale interaction with biological moieties","authors":"Nabila Yasmeen, Nada Morsy, Mariam Badawi, Roberta Gagliani, Sung Mun Lee, Emmanuel Stratakis, Lucia Gemma Delogu, Yarjan Samad and Anna-Maria Pappa","doi":"10.1039/D5TC01114K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC01114K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Two-dimensional (2D) and layered materials have successfully advanced the energy and electronics sectors, providing high translational capacity. However, when it comes to biomedical applications, their full potential is yet to be fully explored. This limitation can be attributed to the lack of fundamental understanding of the interactions that govern the behavior of these materials in the biological environment. Such understanding would not only open access to novel forms of biological-2D material hybrids but could also provide insights into nano-scale machinery by which biological domains function. This review highlights the current progress in developing 2D and layered material-based biointerfaces and their respective interactions with biological systems across different length and complexity levels. We first review the various interface modification, functionalization, and processing methods employed to enhance such biointerfacing for high-performing biomimetic devices (including electronic and optical devices). We then discuss the different types of interactions across the interface and finally the biotransducer-junction mechanisms taking place, at the device-performance level.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 39","pages":" 19927-19948"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145248103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fengqing Hu, Siao Shi, Shijie Yang, Jiayan Zhao, Dou Liu, Xinyue Zhang, Yuxiang Wang and Fei Li
{"title":"Activated circularly polarized luminescence in a chiral supramolecular template triggered by electrostatic and arene–perfluoroarene interactions","authors":"Fengqing Hu, Siao Shi, Shijie Yang, Jiayan Zhao, Dou Liu, Xinyue Zhang, Yuxiang Wang and Fei Li","doi":"10.1039/D5TC02799C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC02799C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The approaches to the generation of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals have attracted much interest due to the potential application of CPL materials in information encryption and three-dimensional displays. However, most strategies mainly depend on the rational design and complicated synthesis of chiral fluorophores, highlighting the great significance of developing a facile and novel strategy for designing CPL materials. Herein, we employed the classical benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide-based chiral compound <strong><em>D</em>/<em>L</em>-cC<small><sub>3</sub></small></strong> as a supramolecular template to co-assemble with a pyrene-based fluorophore (<strong>Py0</strong> or <strong>Py1</strong>) and octafluoronaphthalene (<strong>OFN</strong>). The supramolecular template <strong><em>D</em>/<em>L</em>-cC<small><sub>3</sub></small></strong> could not effectively induce the chirality of Py derivatives through electrostatic interactions. Importantly, chiral optical properties emerged in the ternary co-assembly system <strong><em>D</em>/<em>L</em>-cC<small><sub>3</sub></small>-Py1-OFN</strong> through electrostatic and arene–perfluoroarene (AP) interactions, with a |<em>g</em><small><sub>lum</sub></small>| value of 5.1 × 10<small><sup>−3</sup></small>. These findings reveal that the chiral induction from a chiral supramolecular template to an achiral fluorophore may be ineffective through electrostatic interaction, and the joint effect of electrostatic and AP interactions provides a facile way for the generation of CPL properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 41","pages":" 20973-20978"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145341101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hai-Long Zhu, Hui Wang, Xiao-Chun Fan, Xin Xiong, Zhang-Li Cheng, Jia Yu, Kai Wang and Xiao-Hong Zhang
{"title":"A quasiplanar TADF emitter employing a dual-locking strategy enables efficient solution-processed deep blue OLEDs","authors":"Hai-Long Zhu, Hui Wang, Xiao-Chun Fan, Xin Xiong, Zhang-Li Cheng, Jia Yu, Kai Wang and Xiao-Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D5TC02547H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC02547H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Quasiplanar thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are promising for high-efficiency deep blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), but they can seldom be used for wet processes. In this work, a novel solution-processed molecule, <strong>BOAC-OH</strong>, was developed by grafting a B-OH group onto the prototype molecule <strong>BOAC</strong>. Driven by synergistic O–H⋯O intramolecular hydrogen bonding and B–C σ bonds, <strong>BOAC-OH</strong> undergoes a conformational change from a highly twisted form of <strong>BOAC</strong> to a quasiplanar form. As a result, it achieves remarkably blue-shifted emission below 440 nm and promotes the improvement of the radiative transition rate compared to <strong>BOAC</strong>. The solution-processed OLED device based on <strong>BOAC-OH</strong> affords a maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.3% with deep blue emission peaking at 444 nm, corresponding to CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.08), matching well with the National television system committee blue standard. This work showcases the great potential of this dual-locked strategy in developing deep blue TADF emitters for solution-processed OLEDs</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 41","pages":" 21132-21136"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145341111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kalina Fornal, Clara Gutiérrez-Cuesta, Adolfo del Campo, Anna Mandziak, Pawel Nita, José Emilio Prieto, José F. Marco and Juan de la Figuera
{"title":"Growth of MnWO4 nanowires on W(110) by high-temperature oxygen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy","authors":"Kalina Fornal, Clara Gutiérrez-Cuesta, Adolfo del Campo, Anna Mandziak, Pawel Nita, José Emilio Prieto, José F. Marco and Juan de la Figuera","doi":"10.1039/D5TC02639C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC02639C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We describe the growth of synthetic hübnerite (MnWO<small><sub>4</sub></small>) by high-temperature oxygen-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on W(110). The hübnerite nanowires have widths of hundreds of nanometers, heights of tens of nanometers and lengths in the range of millimeters. The growth was followed in real time by low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM). The nanowires were characterized <em>in situ</em> by low-energy electron microscopy, X-ray absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in photoemission microscopy, as well as <em>ex situ</em> by atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Hübnerite can be grown on W(110) by dosing only manganese in a molecular oxygen environment, likely due to the formation of highly mobile WO<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> species with diffusion lengths of the order of hundreds of micrometers. These species can react with the deposited Mn and be efficiently incorporated into the wolframite structure of hübnerite. The strongly anisotropic growth observed may stem from the inherent anisotropy of the wolframite lattice. We propose that this method may be applicable to the growth of other tungstates as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 40","pages":" 20602-20608"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/tc/d5tc02639c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Cui, Qi Fang, Jingfei Ye, Fenglin Xian and Gaige Zheng
{"title":"Asymmetric light transmission via Sb2S3-enhanced nonreciprocal gratings on a glass substrate","authors":"Xin Cui, Qi Fang, Jingfei Ye, Fenglin Xian and Gaige Zheng","doi":"10.1039/D5TC02889B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TC02889B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We propose and demonstrate a compact, high-performance optical isolator utilizing nonreciprocal gratings enhanced by antimony trisulfide (Sb<small><sub>2</sub></small>S<small><sub>3</sub></small>) deposited on a glass substrate. The vertical asymmetry created by layered materials and the amorphous silicon (a-Si) grating enables direction-dependent optical transmission behavior in the near-infrared spectral range. Rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) simulations reveal that the introduction of Sb<small><sub>2</sub></small>S<small><sub>3</sub></small> significantly boosts nonreciprocal transmission contrast, enabling an isolation ratio of 22.28 dB for an a-Si surface grating with a period <em>p</em> of 1 μm, a fill factor <em>f</em> of 0.5, and a groove depth <em>h</em> of 0.36 μm on a Sb<small><sub>2</sub></small>S<small><sub>3</sub></small>/glass stack. Breaking mirror symmetry yields polarization-selective optical isolation, supporting both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarizations. Calculated and measured transmittance spectra match closely for both TE and TM at normal incidence, confirming the grating model and fabrication fidelity. Transitioning Sb<small><sub>2</sub></small>S<small><sub>3</sub></small> to the crystalline phase substantially elevates asymmetric transmission for both polarizations, as captured by the model. This work provides a promising route toward scalable, efficient, and broadband nonreciprocal photonic devices based on cost-effective and versatile material platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":84,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry C","volume":" 41","pages":" 20979-20988"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145341102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}