Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition最新文献

{"title":"First-week caloric intake and 1-year mortality in critically ill medical patients with mechanical ventilation: A retrospective study.","authors":"Feng-Hsu Wu, Wen-Cheng Chao, Tsai-Jung Wang, Chen-Yu Wang, Yu-Cheng Wu","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0002","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Higher caloric intake may reduce hospital mortality in critically ill patients at high nutritional risk, but the optimal dose for short-term outcomes remains uncertain and evidence on long-term effects is limited. This study evaluated the association between caloric intake and one-year mortality and identified subgroups that may benefit from higher intake.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary medical ICU (2015-2019) including adults receiving mechanical ventilation; ICU stays <48 h were excluded. The exposure was mean caloric intake during ICU days 1-7, defined as total energy from enteral and parenteral routes normalized to body weight. Outcomes included ICU length of stay, ventilator days, and one-year mortality from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. Multi-variable Cox models adjusted for age, sex, albumin, hemoglobin, blood glucose, ICU admission etiology, APACHE II score, shock category, mNUTRIC score, renal replacement therapy, and cumulative day-1-7 fluid balance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3,764 patients (mean age 67.1 years; mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score 26.5), older age, male sex, lower albumin and hemoglobin, shock requiring multiple vasopressors, greater positive fluid balance, and lower caloric intake were associated with higher one-year mortality. Subgroup analyses showed that patients younger than 65 years, those with an APACHE II score ≥26, and those with refractory shock derived greater benefit from higher caloric intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher first-week caloric intake was associated with lower one-year mortality, particularly in younger patients, in those with greater illness severity, and in those requiring multiple vasopressors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"35 2","pages":"189-196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13012823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147525788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of whole grain pancakes on postprandial cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy subjects: A randomized crossover trial.","authors":"Qingcui Ma, Tianyu Sun, Zhaoyu Liu, Duo Li, Xiaojie Hu","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0001","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Whole grains are rich in nutrients and have multiple health benefits, playing an important role in the diet. This study aims to investigate the acute effects of different whole grain pancakes on cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>Twenty eligible healthy sub-jects (aged 19-24 years) were recruited, with baseline measurements including fasting blood glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Then, the subjects were randomly allocated into four groups: the steamed bun (SB) group (control group), maize pancake (MP) group, buckwheat pancake (BP) group, and oat pancake (OP) group, with a serving size of 100g. Blood samples were collected at 0h, 0.5h, 1h, 2h, and 3h, respectively. After a one-week washout period, the volunteers consumed another type of pancake in a crossover manner until each volunteer had tried all four foods. Serum cardiometabolic risk factors were analyzed using standard methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in serum glucose, insulin, CRP, TG, and HDL-C concentrations were observed among the control group and three whole grain pancake groups. However, compared with the control group, the concentrations of serum TC and LDL-C in the oat pancake group were significantly reduced (p <0.05), which may be attributed to the presence of β-glucan and higher dietary fiber in oat pancakes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides important dietary guidance for both pancake consumers and individuals with cardiometabolic risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"35 2","pages":"181-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13012824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147525771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy eating index, growth status, and household-maternal factors among young children: Evidence from a stunting region in Indonesia.","authors":"Herni Dwi Herawati, Yhona Paratmanitya, Nor Eka Noviani, Siska Ariftiyana, Pramitha Sari, Arinto Hadi, Lisana Shidiq Aliya, Tsabita Azza Faiza, Kholifah Rista Utami, Titis Sela Herfadea, Tri Artika Ardhiani Irawan","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0011","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Diet quality is a key determinant of child growth, yet little is known about its role in stunting-prevalent regions of Indonesia. This study assessed diet quality of young children using a modified Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and examined its associations with growth status and household-maternal factors.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 215 children aged 12-59 months in Kulon Progo District, Yogyakarta. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and 24-h recall. The HEI was modified to align with Indonesian dietary guidelines and nutrient adequacy standards. Anthropometry, maternal knowledge, education, and household food security were also measured. Children were classified into tertiles of HEI scores (T1: ≤116, T2: 117-127, T3: ≥128). Associations were analyzed using chi-square, ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis, and multi-nomial logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean HEI score was 122 ± 13.3, with 35.8% of children in the low-est tertile. Low intakes of fruits, vegetables, and dairy were the main contributors to poor scores, while grains and fats/oils scored higher. Younger age was independently associated with higher HEI (aOR 0.93; 95%CI 0.88-0.99; p = 0.03). Maternal education, household food security, and maternal knowledge showed no sig-nificant associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diet quality among children in stunting-prevalent areas remains suboptimal, especially for fruits, vegetables, and dairy. Younger children had better diet quality, underscoring the need for interventions beyond early complementary feeding. Strategies should improve access to diverse, nutrient-rich foods and reduce reliance on processed products.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"35 2","pages":"328-336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13012825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147525807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast milk and infant eczema and its relationship with infant gut microbiota.","authors":"Zeqi Li, Kelei Li, Xiao Wu, Lu Lin, Yongye Sun","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0012","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Current evidence on the relationship between breast milk fatty acids and infant eczema is limited. The present study aimed to investigate the association between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in breast milk and the incidence of infant eczema and its relationship with infant gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>Twenty-five infants diagnosed with eczema and fifty healthy infants born during the same period were recruited at 1 month postpartum. A follow-up was conducted on healthy infants at 6 months postpartum to determine if any new-onset eczema occurred. Breast milk and infant feces were collected at each interview.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the case-control study, after adjusting for confounding factors, C20:3n-3, C20:5n-3, total n-3 PUFAs, and total n-3 PUFAs/total n-6 PUFAs in breast milk were significantly inversely associated with infant eczema risk. The abundance of Clostridium and Streptococcus in the gut of infants with eczema were significantly lower than those in control group (p <0.05). C20:3n-3 and total n-3 PUFAs in breast milk were positively correlated with Clostridium abundance. In the follow-up study, the decreases of C20:3n-3 and total n-3 PUFAs in the breast milk of new-onset eczema group were greater than those of healthy group at 6 months postpartum. Moreover, the abundance change of Clostridium in infants with new-onset eczema was significantly greater than that in healthy group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>C20:3n-3 and total n-3 PUFAs in breast milk were associated with decreased risk of infant eczema, and this association may be related to the abundance of Clostridium in infant's gut.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"35 2","pages":"337-346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13012834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147525858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary inflammatory index and unfavorable dietary patterns associated with ischemic stroke in China.","authors":"Qunli Xu, Qianyi Chen, Yiyu Zhuang, Lanlan Zhou, Lanjun Shen, Tingting Li, Zhefang Hu, Ronghua Zhang, Danting Su, Lijun Feng","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0009","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The dietary inflammatory potential, assessed by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), may influence ischemic stroke (IS) risk, but evidence from high-incidence regions in China remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the associations among dietary patterns, the DII, and IS in Eastern China.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>In a hospital-based case-control study in Zhejiang, China, 223 IS patients and 510 age- and sex-matched controls completed a validated food frequency questionnaire. DII scores were calculated, and dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A \"Jiangnan red-sauce and heavy oil\" pattern, characterized by high intake of refined grains, salted vegetables, processed meats, and fats, was associated with higher DII scores and an increased IS risk (OR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.74-2.51; top versus bottom tertile). Conversely, a \"Traditional Chinese\" pattern, rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and legumes, was correlated with lower DII scores and a potentially reduced IS risk (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76-0.94).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that pro-inflammatory diets were associated with a high likelihood of IS, while anti-inflammatory patterns, such as the Traditional Chinese diet, may be protective. The findings may also provide insights for dietary prevention strategies in the high-risk populations, pending confirmation from prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"35 2","pages":"272-280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13012827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147525800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myosteatosis mediates the link between specific dietary components and colorectal carcinogenesis: from PPLSS multi-center study.","authors":"Chun-Wei Li, Yifang Hsieh, Chao Li, Yu Zhang, Ling-Juan Jiang, Song-Lin Yu, Long-Chun Dong, Zhi-Quan Tan, Judong Zhang, Jing Xu, Yu Kang","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0008","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202604_35(2).0008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>We assumed the specific dietary components may impact colorectal carcinogenesis via ectopic fat accumulation.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>The multi-center case-control study analyzed CT-derived body composition parameters and dietary intake in 163 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 144 non-CRC controls. Ectopic fat distribution was characterized by elevated low-attenuation muscle area (LAMA) and reduced skeletal muscle density (SMD, myosteatosis). We employed logistic regression to assess diet-body composition-CRC associations, mediation analysis to elucidate ectopic fat's role, and random forest modelling to evaluate variable importance in CRC risk prediction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CRC patients exhibited obvious myosteatosis (68.1 vs. 31.9%, p <0.001), which promoted colorectal carcinogenesis (95%CI: 0.524, 0.935 in men, 95%CI: 0.425, 0.956 in women via reduced SMD). Linear regression revealed diet rich in ani-mal-derived nutrients and carbohydrates increased LAMA (β = 6.31, 95%CI: 0.766, 11.858), but decreased SMD (β = -3.14, 95%CI: -5.173, -1.099) and normal attenuation muscle area (NAMA) in men, while these components elevated visceral adiposity index (VAI) in women (β = 10.8, 95%CI: 1.265, 20.347). Low bean protein consumption decreased NAMA (β = -13.3, 95%CI: -20.812, -5.860) and SMD (β = -2.95, 95%CI: -4.994, -0.908) in men, while increasing VAI (β = 14.6, 95%CI: 0.820, 28.451) in women. Mediation analysis confirmed NAMA (mediated proportion 11.0%, p = 0.026 in men; 7.24%, p = 0.030 in women), LAMA (11.0%, p = 0.040 in men; 14.6%, p = 0.002 in women) and SMD (17.5%, p = 0.004 in men; 15.4%, p = 0.004 in women) mediated the relationship between excessive consumption of animal-derived nutrients and colorectal carcinogenesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Myosteatosis, an inconspicuous obesity phenotype, plays key role in colorectal carcinogenesis but can be mitigated by partial substitution of red meat with soy protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"35 2","pages":"255-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13012833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147525784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of dietary inflammatory index and Chinese healthy eating index with abdominal obesity in kidney transplant recipients.","authors":"Yuxin Li, Zhizhuo Zou, He Huang, Xiangyou Pan, Yan Liu, Rongshao Tan, Cheng Zhang, Dong Liu, Songji Xu, Qin Li","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202602_35(1).0011","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202602_35(1).0011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>This study investigated associations of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Chinese Healthy Diet Index (CHEI) with abdominal obesity in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), with follow-up analyses further assessing the DII and mortality relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>We collected anthropometric and biochemical data; dietary consumption was evaluated using 3-day and 24-hour dietary records, with food quality assessed through energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) and CHEI. Binary logistic regression examined the association between E-DII, CHEI, and abdominal obesity in KTRs. The nonlinear connection between E-DII, CHEI, and abdominal obesity was studied using restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to examine the survival rate of KTRs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 98 KTRs, 34 of whom had abdominal obesity. Logistic regression identified E-DII was a risk factor for abdominal obesity (OR: 5.52, 95%CI:1.19-10.4, p = 0.023), while the CHEI showed protective effects (OR: 0.939, 95%CI:0.893-0.987, p = 0.014). RCS demonstrated a positive linear association between E-DII and abdominal obesity in KTRs (p for overall = 0.042, p for nonlinear = 0.794). In contrast, CHEI exhibited a negative correlation(p for overall = 0.039, p for nonlinear = 0.082). Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis revealed no statistically significant difference between groups, but the pro-inflammatory group exhibited a 3.8-fold higher mortality rate than the anti-inflammatory group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In KTRs, elevated E-DII and CHEI levels were associated with abdominal obesity, suggesting that reducing E-DII while increasing CHEI may contribute to its prevention and thus improve long-term survival outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"35 1","pages":"111-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12823259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146017149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderating effect of selenium intake on the association between obesity and sex hormone levels in children and adolescents: NHANES 2013-2016.","authors":"Shujun Xu, Gulinuer Maimaititusvn, Maierhaba Kulaixi, Xueyan Tian","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202602_35(1).0017","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202602_35(1).0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the role of selenium intake on the correlation between obesity and sex hormone levels in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>Children and adolescents (6-19-year-old) with complete body mass index (BMI), selenium intake, and sex hormone level data were included. Applying weighted linear regression model to analyze the relationships of obesity and se-lenium intake with testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels. Then, interaction terms for different selenium intake levels (<Q1, ≥Q1) and obesity (no, yes) were constructed, to investi-gate the moderating effect of selenium intake on the correlation between obesity and sex hormones.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,380 participants were enrolled. Although selenium intake showed no direct relationship with tes-tosterone, estradiol, or SHBG levels in any group (p > 0.05), it demonstrated a significant interaction with obesity in terms of sex hormone levels. In females aged less than 12 years, there was an interaction between obesity and selenium intake on testosterone levels (pinteraction = 0.007). The interaction of obesity and selenium intake on SHBG levels was observed in both males and females (all pinteraction <0.001). Moreover, a trend was observed for the effects of these interaction terms on testosterone, estradiol and SHBG levels (all ptrend <0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Selenium intake may play a moderating effect in the relationship between obesity and sex hor-mones.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"35 1","pages":"172-180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12823258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146017298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic inflammatory markers as a supplement to nutrition risk screening of ICU patients.","authors":"Ning Tong, Zhenyu Huo, Na Li, Feifei Chong, Siyu Luo, Hongxia Xu","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202602_35(1).0004","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202602_35(1).0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Critical illness often leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction requiring intensive care. This catabolic condition significantly affects nutrition, causing muscle loss, weakness, and an in-creased risk of malnutrition, which complicates recovery. Traditional nutritional assessment tools often face limitations in critically ill patients. Systemic inflammation may improve the accuracy of nutritional risk screening.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>Data from the MIMIC-IV database were analyzed. The study aimed to assess the prognostic value of inflammatory markers combined with the mNUTRIC score. Survival analyses were conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models to evaluate the association between these markers and patient mortality at 30-day, 60-day, and 90-day intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,628 ICU patients were included. High C-reactive protein (CRP; cut-off value 75.2 mg/L) had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.345 (Log-rank p = 0.004), high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; cut-off value 8.16) had an HR of 1.266 (Log-rank p = 0.021), and albumin (cut-off value 35 g/L) was associated with an HR of 0.576 (Log-rank p < 0.001). For 60-day and 90-day mortality, similar trends were observed, with significant p-values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combining inflammatory markers such as CRP, NLR, and albumin with the mNUTRIC score enhances mortality prediction in critically ill patients, improving clinical decision-making. Further research with larger, multicenter cohorts is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"35 1","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12823251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146017291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring key genes in NAFLD linked to glutamine metabolism: A comprehensive analysis combining multi-omics, machine learning and SHAP.","authors":"Changan Chen, Wenfeng Liu, Yongtao Lan, Fuxiong Li, Xiaoman Li","doi":"10.6133/apjcn.202602_35(1).0008","DOIUrl":"10.6133/apjcn.202602_35(1).0008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver condition glob-ally, with an escalating incidence and a strong association with various metabolic disorders, thus presenting a significant public health challenge. Currently, there is a scarcity of effective preventive or therapeutic methods for NAFLD. This study used multi-omics, machine learning (ML), and SHAP comprehensive analysis to explore NAFLD-related metabolites and genes, hoping to provide new insights.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>We initially conducted MR analysis on 1,400 serum metabolites and two NAFLD datasets, identifying gluta-mine as causally linked to NAFLD. In single-cell RNA sequencing, hepatocytes were categorized into high-synthesis and low-synthesis glutamine groups for cell communication analysis. We extracted differentially expressed genes from these two groups and performed GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Further screening of these genes was followed by the application of LASSO regression to identify hub genes for ML. We constructed the ML model using Catboost, NGboost, and XGboost algorithms. Finally, we employed the SHAP method to interpret the model, identifying key genes with significant model contributions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MR analysis demonstrated that the glutamine-to-alanine ratio and levels of 1-linoleoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC (18:2/20:4n6) were associated with a reduced incidence of NAFLD. We identified 19 hub genes for ML, with validation set AUCs of 0.83 for Catboost, 0.82 for NGboost, and 0.86 for XGboost. The SHAP analysis highlighted ASL, LGALS1, and GLUL as genes with the contributed significantly to the models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our MR findings suggest that specific metabolites may lower the risk of NAFLD. A comprehensive analysis underscores the significant role of glutamine metabolism and related genes in NAFLD pathogenesis, offering new potential targets for NAFLD diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8486,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"35 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12823261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146017184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}