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Annual review of immunology最新文献

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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Innate Memory Responses. 先天记忆反应的细胞和分子机制。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-035114
Musa M Mhlanga, Stephanie Fanucchi, Mumin Ozturk, Maziar Divangahi
{"title":"Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Innate Memory Responses.","authors":"Musa M Mhlanga, Stephanie Fanucchi, Mumin Ozturk, Maziar Divangahi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-035114","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-035114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been an increasing effort to understand the memory responses of a complex interplay among innate, adaptive, and structural cells in peripheral organs and bone marrow. Trained immunity is coined as the de facto memory of innate immune cells and their progenitors. These cells acquire epigenetic modifications and shift their metabolism to equip an imprinted signature to a persistent fast-responsive functional state. Recent studies highlight the contribution of noncoding RNAs and modulation of chromatin structures in establishing this epigenetic readiness for potential immune perturbations. In this review, we discuss recent studies that highlight trained immunity-mediated memory responses emerging intrinsically in innate immune cells and as a complex interplay with other cells at the organ level. Lastly, we survey epigenetic contributors to trained immunity phenotypes-specifically, a recently discovered regulatory circuit coordinating the regulation of a key driver of trained immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"43 1","pages":"615-640"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tracing the Evolution of Human Immunity Through Ancient DNA. 通过古代DNA追踪人类免疫的进化。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-024638
Etienne Patin, Lluis Quintana-Murci
{"title":"Tracing the Evolution of Human Immunity Through Ancient DNA.","authors":"Etienne Patin, Lluis Quintana-Murci","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-024638","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-024638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections have imposed strong selection pressures throughout human evolution, making the study of natural selection's effects on immunity genes highly complementary to disease-focused research. This review discusses how ancient DNA studies, which have revolutionized evolutionary genetics, increase our understanding of the evolution of human immunity. These studies have shown that interbreeding between modern humans and Neanderthals or Denisovans has influenced present-day immune responses, particularly to viruses. Additionally, ancient genomics enables the tracking of how human immunity has evolved across cultural transitions, highlighting strong selection since the Bronze Age in Europe (<4,500 years) and potential genetic adaptations to epidemics raging during the Middle Ages and the European colonization of the Americas. Furthermore, ancient genomic studies suggest that the genetic risk for noninfectious immune disorders has gradually increased over millennia because alleles associated with increased risk for autoimmunity and inflammation once conferred resistance to infections. The challenge now is to extend these findings to diverse, non-European populations and to provide a more global understanding of the evolution of human immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"57-82"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
T Cell Development and Responses in Human Immune System Mice. 人类免疫系统小鼠的T细胞发育和应答。
IF 39.8 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-041615
Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooei, Hao Wei Li, Megan Sykes
{"title":"T Cell Development and Responses in Human Immune System Mice.","authors":"Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooei, Hao Wei Li, Megan Sykes","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-041615","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-041615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human Immune System (HIS) mice constructed with mature human immune cells or with human hematopoietic stem cells and thymic tissue have provided an important tool for human immunological research. In this article, we first review the different types of HIS mice based on human tissues transplanted and sources of the tissues. We then focus on knowledge of human T cell development and responses obtained using HIS mouse models. These areas include the development of human T cell subsets, with a focus on αβ conventional T cells and regulatory T cells, and human T cell responses in the settings of infection, transplantation rejection and tolerance, autoimmune disease, cancer immunotherapy, and regulatory T cell therapy. We also discuss the limitations and potential future applications of HIS mouse models.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"83-112"},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Systems Human Immunology and AI: Immune Setpoint and Immune Health. 人类免疫学和人工智能：免疫设定值和免疫健康。
IF 39.8 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-090122-042631
Yona Lei, John S Tsang
{"title":"Systems Human Immunology and AI: Immune Setpoint and Immune Health.","authors":"Yona Lei, John S Tsang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-090122-042631","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-090122-042631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immune system, critical for human health and implicated in many diseases, defends against pathogens, monitors physiological stress, and maintains tissue and organismal homeostasis. It exhibits substantial variability both within and across individuals and populations. Recent technological and conceptual progress in systems human immunology has provided predictive insights that link personal immune states to intervention responses and disease susceptibilities. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML), has emerged as a powerful tool for analyzing complex immune data sets, revealing hidden patterns across biological scales, and enabling predictive models for individualistic immune responses and potentially personalized interventions. This review highlights recent advances in deciphering human immune variation and predicting outcomes, particularly through the concepts of immune setpoint, immune health, and use of the immune system as a window for measuring health. We also provide a brief history of AI; review ML modeling approaches, including their applications in systems human immunology; and explore the potential of AI to develop predictive models and personal immune state embeddings to detect early signs of disease, forecast responses to interventions, and guide personalized health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"43 1","pages":"693-722"},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13380186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Integrated Pulmonary Immune Response to Pneumonia. 肺炎的综合肺免疫反应。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-031642
Katrina E Traber, Joseph P Mizgerd
{"title":"The Integrated Pulmonary Immune Response to Pneumonia.","authors":"Katrina E Traber, Joseph P Mizgerd","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-031642","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-031642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection of the lower respiratory tract. The effectiveness of the host immune response determines the severity of infection, or whether pneumonia occurs at all. The lungs house both innate and adaptive immune systems, which integrate their activities to provide host defense that eliminates microbes and prevents lower respiratory infection from becoming severe. Professional immune cells in the lung, like macrophages and lymphocytes, work with lung constituents, like epithelial cells and fibroblasts, to optimize antimicrobial defense. The dynamics of the immune response during infection and the immune components contributing to defense are influenced by prior experiences with respiratory pathogens, remodeling lung immunity in ways that improve responses against subsequent infections. This review covers how innate and adaptive immune activities coordinate inside the lung to provide integrated and effective immune resistance against respiratory pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"545-569"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Humanized Mouse Systems to Study Viral Infection: A New Era in Immunology Research. 人源化小鼠系统研究病毒感染：免疫学研究的新时代。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-035718
Angela Wahl, J Victor Garcia
{"title":"Humanized Mouse Systems to Study Viral Infection: A New Era in Immunology Research.","authors":"Angela Wahl, J Victor Garcia","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-035718","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-035718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For decades, scientists have relied on traditional animal models to study viral infection and the immune response. However, these models have limitations, and the search for more accurate and reliable ways to study the human-pathogen interphase has led to the development of humanized mouse systems. These revolutionary models have transformed how we understand viral infection and the human immune system's interactions with viruses to control or exacerbate disease. They are also paving the way for new treatments and therapies. In this article, we explore the history and development of humanized mouse systems and their advantages, limitations, and applications in viral immunology research. We describe the different types of humanized mouse models, including their generation and utility for studying human pathogens, with an emphasis on human-specific viruses. In addition, we discuss areas for further refinement and future applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"43 1","pages":"143-167"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SARS-CoV-2: The Interplay Between Evolution and Host Immunity. SARS-CoV-2：进化与宿主免疫的相互作用
IF 39.8 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-083122-043054
James Brett Case, Shilpi Jain, Mehul S Suthar, Michael S Diamond
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2: The Interplay Between Evolution and Host Immunity.","authors":"James Brett Case, Shilpi Jain, Mehul S Suthar, Michael S Diamond","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-083122-043054","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-083122-043054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infections at a global level reflects the repeated emergence of variant strains encoding unique constellations of mutations. These variants have been generated principally because of a dynamic host immune landscape, the countermeasures deployed to combat disease, and selection for enhanced infection of the upper airway and respiratory transmission. The resulting viral diversity creates a challenge for vaccination efforts to maintain efficacy, especially regarding humoral aspects of protection. Here, we review our understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 has evolved during the pandemic, the immune mechanisms that confer protection, and the impact viral evolution has had on transmissibility and adaptive immunity elicited by natural infection and/or vaccination. Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 evolution initially selected variants with increased transmissibility but currently is driven by immune escape. The virus likely will continue to drift to maintain fitness until countermeasures capable of disrupting transmission cycles become widely available.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"29-55"},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13456083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Central Nervous System Macrophages in Health and Disease. 健康与疾病中的中枢神经系统巨噬细胞。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-041334
Hannah Van Hove, Donatella De Feo, Melanie Greter, Burkhard Becher
{"title":"Central Nervous System Macrophages in Health and Disease.","authors":"Hannah Van Hove, Donatella De Feo, Melanie Greter, Burkhard Becher","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-041334","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-041334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The central nervous system (CNS) has a unique set of macrophages that seed the tissue early during embryonic development. Microglia reside in the parenchyma, and border-associated macrophages are present in border regions, including the meninges, perivascular spaces, and choroid plexus. CNS-resident macrophages support brain homeostasis during development and steady state. In the diseased brain, however, the immune landscape is altered, with phenotypic and transcriptional changes in resident macrophages and the invasion of blood-borne monocytes, which differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages upon entering the CNS. In this review, we focus on the fate and function of the macrophage compartment in health, neurodegenerative conditions such as amyloidosis, and neuroinflammation as observed in multiple sclerosis and infection. We discuss our current understanding that monocyte-derived macrophages contribute to neuropathology whereas native macrophages play a neuroprotective role in disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"589-613"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bidirectional Communication Between the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems. 先天免疫系统和适应性免疫系统之间的双向交流。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-083122-040624
Kathrynne A Warrick, Charles N Vallez, Hannah E Meibers, Chandrashekhar Pasare
{"title":"Bidirectional Communication Between the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems.","authors":"Kathrynne A Warrick, Charles N Vallez, Hannah E Meibers, Chandrashekhar Pasare","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-083122-040624","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-083122-040624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective bidirectional communication between the innate and adaptive immune systems is crucial for tissue homeostasis and protective immunity against infections. The innate immune system is responsible for the early sensing of and initial response to threats, including microbial ligands, toxins, and tissue damage. Pathogen-related information, detected primarily by the innate immune system via dendritic cells, is relayed to adaptive immune cells, leading to the priming and differentiation of naive T cells into effector and memory lineages. Memory T cells that persist long after pathogen clearance are integral for durable protective immunity. In addition to rapidly responding to reinfections, memory T cells also directly instruct the interacting myeloid cells to induce innate inflammation, which resembles microbial inflammation. As such, memory T cells act as newly emerging activators of the innate immune system and function independently of direct microbial recognition. While T cell-mediated activation of the innate immune system likely evolved as a protective mechanism to combat reinfections by virulent pathogens, the detrimental outcomes of this mechanism manifest in the forms of autoimmunity and other T cell-driven pathologies. Here, we review the complexities and layers of regulation at the interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems to highlight the implications of adaptive instruction of innate immunity in health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"43 1","pages":"489-514"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Peeking Into the Black Box of T Cell Receptor Signaling. 窥探T细胞受体信号传导的黑匣子。
IF 39.8 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-090222-112028
Arthur Weiss
{"title":"Peeking Into the Black Box of T Cell Receptor Signaling.","authors":"Arthur Weiss","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-090222-112028","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-090222-112028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I have spent more than the last 40 years at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), studying T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. I was blessed with supportive mentors, an exceptionally talented group of trainees, and wonderful collaborators and colleagues during my journey who have enabled me to make significant contributions to our understanding of how the TCR initiates signaling. TCR signaling events contribute to T cell development as well as to mature T cell activation and differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41101418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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