Innate Immunity in Protection and Pathogenesis During Coronavirus Infections and COVID-19.

IF 26.9 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY
R K Subbarao Malireddi, Bhesh Raj Sharma, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic was caused by the recently emerged β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 has had a catastrophic impact, resulting in nearly 7 million fatalities worldwide to date. The innate immune system is the first line of defense against infections, including the detection and response to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we discuss the innate immune mechanisms that sense coronaviruses, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2 infection and how these protective responses can become detrimental in severe cases of COVID-19, contributing to cytokine storm, inflammation, long-COVID, and other complications. We also highlight the complex cross talk among cytokines and the cellular components of the innate immune system, which can aid in viral clearance but also contribute to inflammatory cell death, cytokine storm, and organ damage in severe COVID-19 pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss how SARS-CoV-2 evades key protective innate immune mechanisms to enhance its virulence and pathogenicity, as well as how innate immunity can be therapeutically targeted as part of the vaccination and treatment strategy. Overall, we highlight how a comprehensive understanding of innate immune mechanisms has been crucial in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 infections and the development of novel host-directed immunotherapeutic strategies for various diseases.

先天免疫在冠状病毒感染和 COVID-19 期间的保护和致病机制中的作用
COVID-19 大流行是由最近出现的 β-冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 引起的。SARS-CoV-2 造成了灾难性的影响,迄今已导致全球近 700 万人死亡。先天性免疫系统是抵御感染的第一道防线,包括检测和应对 SARS-CoV-2。在此,我们讨论了感知冠状病毒的先天免疫机制,重点是 SARS-CoV-2 感染,以及这些保护性反应如何在 COVID-19 严重病例中变得有害,导致细胞因子风暴、炎症、长 COVID 和其他并发症。我们还强调了细胞因子与先天性免疫系统的细胞成分之间复杂的交叉反应,它们可以帮助清除病毒,但也会导致炎性细胞死亡、细胞因子风暴和严重 COVID-19 发病过程中的器官损伤。此外,我们还讨论了 SARS-CoV-2 如何逃避关键的先天性免疫保护机制以增强其毒力和致病性,以及如何将先天性免疫作为疫苗接种和治疗策略的治疗目标。总之,我们强调了对先天免疫机制的全面了解在抗击 SARS-CoV-2 感染和开发针对各种疾病的新型宿主导向免疫治疗策略中的关键作用。
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来源期刊
Annual review of immunology
Annual review of immunology 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
57.20
自引率
0.70%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Immunology, in publication since 1983, focuses on basic immune mechanisms and molecular basis of immune diseases in humans. Topics include innate and adaptive immunity; immune cell development and differentiation; immune control of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites) and cancer; and human immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. The current volume of this journal has been converted from gated to open access through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program, with all articles published under a CC BY license.
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