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Annual review of immunology最新文献

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Regulation of the cGAS-STING Pathway.
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-032910
Bing Zhang, Pengbiao Xu, Andrea Ablasser
{"title":"Regulation of the cGAS-STING Pathway.","authors":"Bing Zhang, Pengbiao Xu, Andrea Ablasser","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-032910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-032910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway is essential for immune defense against pathogens. Upon binding DNA, cGAS synthesizes cGAMP, which activates STING, leading to potent innate immune effector responses. However, lacking specific features to distinguish between self and nonself DNA, cGAS-STING immunity requires precise regulation to prevent aberrant activation. Several safeguard mechanisms acting on different levels have evolved to maintain tolerance to self DNA and ensure immune homeostasis under normal conditions. Disruption of these safeguards can lead to erroneous activation by self DNA, resulting in inflammatory conditions but also favorable antitumor immunity. Insights into structural and cellular checkpoints that control and terminate cGAS-STING signaling are essential for comprehending and manipulating DNA-triggered innate immunity in health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Catch Bonds in Immunology.
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-035904
Hyun-Kyu Choi, Cheng Zhu
{"title":"Catch Bonds in Immunology.","authors":"Hyun-Kyu Choi, Cheng Zhu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-035904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-035904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Catch bonds are molecular bonds that last longer under force than slip bonds, which become shorter-lived under force. Although catch bonds were initially discovered in studies of leukocyte and bacterial adhesions two decades ago, they have since been found in many other contexts, including platelet binding to blood vessel walls during clotting, structural support within the cell and between cells, force transmission in the cell's machineries for motility and mechanotransduction, viral infection of host cells, and immunoreceptor mechanosensing. Catch bonds are strengthened by increasing force, which induces structural changes in one or both interacting molecules either locally or allosterically to enable additional contacts at their binding interface, thus lengthening bond lifetimes. They can be modeled by the kinetics of a system escaping from the energy well(s) of the bound state(s) over the energy barrier(s) to the free state by traversing along the dissociation path(s) across a hilly energy landscape modulated by force. Catch bond studies are important for understanding the mechanics of biological systems and developing treatment strategies for infectious diseases, immune disorders, cancer, and other ailments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Interplay Between Innate Immunity and Nonimmune Cells in Lung Damage, Inflammation, and Repair.
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-031852
Chrysante S Iliakis, Stefania Crotta, Andreas Wack
{"title":"The Interplay Between Innate Immunity and Nonimmune Cells in Lung Damage, Inflammation, and Repair.","authors":"Chrysante S Iliakis, Stefania Crotta, Andreas Wack","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-031852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-031852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the site of gas exchange, the lung is critical for organismal survival. It is also subject to continual environmental insults inflicted by pathogens, particles, and toxins. Sometimes, these insults result in structural damage and the initiation of an innate immune response. Operating in parallel, the immune response aims to eliminate the threat, while the repair process ensures continual physiological function of the lung. The inflammatory response and repair processes are thus inextricably linked in time and space but are often studied in isolation. Here, we review the interplay of innate immune cells and nonimmune cells during lung insult and repair. We highlight how cellular cross talk can fine-tune the circuitry of the immune response, how innate immune cells can facilitate or antagonize proper organ repair, and the prolonged changes to lung immunity and physiology that can result from acute immune responses and repair processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Integrated Pulmonary Immune Response to Pneumonia.
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-031642
Katrina E Traber, Joseph P Mizgerd
{"title":"The Integrated Pulmonary Immune Response to Pneumonia.","authors":"Katrina E Traber, Joseph P Mizgerd","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-031642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-031642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection of the lower respiratory tract. The effectiveness of the host immune response determines the severity of infection, or whether pneumonia occurs at all. The lungs house both innate and adaptive immune systems, which integrate their activities to provide host defense that eliminates microbes and prevents lower respiratory infection from becoming severe. Professional immune cells in the lung, like macrophages and lymphocytes, work with lung constituents, like epithelial cells and fibroblasts, to optimize antimicrobial defense. The dynamics of the immune response during infection and the immune components contributing to defense are influenced by prior experiences with respiratory pathogens, remodeling lung immunity in ways that improve responses against subsequent infections. This review covers how innate and adaptive immune activities coordinate inside the lung to provide integrated and effective immune resistance against respiratory pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Central Nervous System Macrophages in Health and Disease.
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-041334
Hannah Van Hove, Donatella De Feo, Melanie Greter, Burkhard Becher
{"title":"Central Nervous System Macrophages in Health and Disease.","authors":"Hannah Van Hove, Donatella De Feo, Melanie Greter, Burkhard Becher","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-041334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-041334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The central nervous system (CNS) has a unique set of macrophages that seed the tissue early during embryonic development. Microglia reside in the parenchyma, and border-associated macrophages are present in border regions, including the meninges, perivascular spaces, and choroid plexus. CNS-resident macrophages support brain homeostasis during development and steady state. In the diseased brain, however, the immune landscape is altered, with phenotypic and transcriptional changes in resident macrophages and the invasion of blood-borne monocytes, which differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages upon entering the CNS. In this review, we focus on the fate and function of the macrophage compartment in health, neurodegenerative conditions such as amyloidosis, and neuroinflammation as observed in multiple sclerosis and infection. We discuss our current understanding that monocyte-derived macrophages contribute to neuropathology whereas native macrophages play a neuroprotective role in disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Engineering Mice to Study Human Immunity.
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082523-124415
Esen Sefik, Tianli Xiao, Michael Chiorazzi, Ian Odell, Fengrui Zhang, Kriti Agrawal, Goran Micevic, Richard A Flavell
{"title":"Engineering Mice to Study Human Immunity.","authors":"Esen Sefik, Tianli Xiao, Michael Chiorazzi, Ian Odell, Fengrui Zhang, Kriti Agrawal, Goran Micevic, Richard A Flavell","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082523-124415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082523-124415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humanized mice, which carry a human hematopoietic and immune system, have greatly advanced our understanding of human immune responses and immunological diseases. These mice are created via the transplantation of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into immunocompromised murine hosts further engineered to support human hematopoiesis and immune cell growth. This article explores genetic modifications in mice that enhance xeno-tolerance, promote human hematopoiesis and immunity, and enable xenotransplantation of human tissues with resident immune cells. We also discuss genetic editing of the human immune system, provide examples of how humanized mice with humanized organs model diseases for mechanistic studies, and highlight the roles of these models in advancing knowledge of organ biology, immune responses to pathogens, and preclinical drugs tested for cancer treatment. The integration of multi-omics and state-of-the art approaches with humanized mouse models is crucial for bridging existing human data with causality and promises to significantly advance mechanistic studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Macrophage Differentiation and Metabolic Adaptation in Mycobacterial Infections.
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-120757
Anne Kathrin Lösslein, Philipp Henneke
{"title":"Macrophage Differentiation and Metabolic Adaptation in Mycobacterial Infections.","authors":"Anne Kathrin Lösslein, Philipp Henneke","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-120757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-120757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adaptation of macrophages-the most common tissue-resident immune cells-to metabolic and microbial cues with high local variability is essential for the maintenance of organ integrity. In homeostasis, macrophages show largely predictable tissue-specific differentiation, as recently revealed by multidimensional methods. However, chronic infections with human-adapted pathogens substantially contribute to the differentiation complexity of tissue macrophages, which has been only partially resolved. Specifically, the response to mycobacterial species-which range from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (with highest specificity for humans, broad organ tropism, yet tissue-specific disease phenotypes) to environmental mycobacteria with humans as accidental hosts-may serve as a paradigm of tissue macrophage adaptation mechanisms. While mycobacterial species-specific tissue preferences are partially related to the mode of acquisition and pathogen characteristics, evolutionary convergence with macrophages driven by metabolic features of the target organ likely contributes to infection resistance and immunopathology. In this review, we unravel the mechanisms of tissue-specific macrophage differentiation and its limitations in mycobacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neuroimmune Circuits in Allergic Diseases.
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-032154
Cai Han, Xueping Zhu, Caroline L Sokol
{"title":"Neuroimmune Circuits in Allergic Diseases.","authors":"Cai Han, Xueping Zhu, Caroline L Sokol","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-032154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-032154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Communication between the nervous and immune systems is evolutionarily conserved. From primitive eukaryotes to higher mammals, neuroimmune communication utilizes multiple complex and complementary mechanisms to trigger effective but balanced responses to environmental dangers such as allergens and tissue damage. These responses result from a tight integration of the nervous and immune systems, and accumulating evidence suggests that this bidirectional communication is crucial in modulating the initiation and development of allergic inflammation. In this review, we discuss the basic mechanisms of neuroimmune communication, with a focus on the recent advances underlying the importance of such communication in the allergic immune response. We examine neuronal sensing of allergens, how neuropeptides and neurotransmitters regulate allergic immune cell functions, and how inflammatory factors derived from immune cells coordinate complex peripheral and central nervous system responses. Furthermore, we highlight how fundamental aspects of host biology, from aging to circadian rhythm, might affect these pathways. Appreciating neuroimmune communications as an evolutionarily conserved and functionally integrated system that is fundamentally involved in type 2 immunity will provide new insights into allergic inflammation and reveal exciting opportunities for the management of acute and chronic allergic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decoding Immunobiology Through Genetic Errors of Immunity.
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-124920
Mackenzie J Bender, Carrie L Lucas
{"title":"Decoding Immunobiology Through Genetic Errors of Immunity.","authors":"Mackenzie J Bender, Carrie L Lucas","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-124920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-124920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Throughout biology, the pursuit of genotype-phenotype relationships has provided foundational knowledge upon which new concepts and hypotheses are built. Genetic perturbation, whether occurring naturally or in experimental settings, is the mainstay of mechanistic dissection in biological systems. The unbiased discovery of causal genetic lesions via forward genetics in patients who have a rare disease elucidates a particularly impactful set of genotype-phenotype relationships. Here, we review the field of genetic errors of immunity, often termed inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), in a framework aimed at highlighting the powerful real-world immunology insights provided collectively and individually by these (approximately) 500 disorders. By conceptualizing essential immune functions in a model of the adaptive arsenal of rapid defenses, we organize IEIs based on immune circuits in which sensors, relays, and executioners cooperate to carry out pathogen clearance functions in an effective yet regulated manner. We review and discuss findings from IEIs that not only reinforce known immunology concepts but also offer surprising phenotypes, prompting an opportunity to refine our understanding of immune system function.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and Functions of MAIT Cells.
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-025943
Marion Salou, Rafael A Paiva, Olivier Lantz
{"title":"Development and Functions of MAIT Cells.","authors":"Marion Salou, Rafael A Paiva, Olivier Lantz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-025943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-025943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionarily conserved T cells that recognize microbial metabolites. They are abundant in humans and conserved during mammalian evolution, which suggests that they have important nonredundant functions. In this article, we discuss the evolutionary conservation of MAIT cells and describe their original developmental process. MAIT cells exert a wide variety of effector functions, from killing infected cells and promoting inflammation to repairing tissues. We provide insights into these functions and discuss how they result from the context of stimulation encountered by MAIT cells in different tissues and pathological settings. We describe how MAIT cell numbers and features are modified in disease states, focusing mainly on in vivo models. Lastly, we discuss emerging strategies to manipulate MAIT cells for therapeutic purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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