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Annual review of immunology最新文献

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The Spectrum of Fibroblast Immune Biology. 成纤维细胞免疫生物学光谱。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-083024-035801
Alberto Guarnieri, Shannon J Turley
{"title":"The Spectrum of Fibroblast Immune Biology.","authors":"Alberto Guarnieri, Shannon J Turley","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-083024-035801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-083024-035801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advancements in single-cell omic technology and lineage-tracing approaches have established that functional and dysfunctional activities of the immune system are critically influenced by context-specific microenvironmental factors. Among stromal cells, fibroblasts are emerging as far more plastic and heterogeneous than previously appreciated, and an abundance of profound and unique connections with the functioning of distinct branches of the immune system and with the regulation of inflammatory processes in tissue homeostasis and pathological conditions have been revealed. In this article, we review the state-of-the-art in the biology of inflammatory fibroblasts, with a particular emphasis on their involvement in regulating, and in turn their regulation by, cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems in chronic nonmalignant diseases. We cover their ontogeny and distribution across tissues and their shared and unique transcriptional, biochemical, and immunological characteristics within distinct chronic inflammatory diseases, infections, and autoimmune conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"44 1","pages":"407-435"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cross-Organ Neuroimmunology of Behavior. 跨器官行为神经免疫学。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082924-064159
Xuanming Guo, Scott J Russo
{"title":"Cross-Organ Neuroimmunology of Behavior.","authors":"Xuanming Guo, Scott J Russo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082924-064159","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082924-064159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here we introduce the Cross-Organ Neuroimmunology of Behavior (CONB) Network, a framework that reconceptualizes behavior as an emergent property of a distributed, whole-body immune-brain network. It builds on knowledge of neuroimmune communication, including cytokine modulation of neural activity and synaptic plasticity, neuroglial-immune interactions, and neuroendocrine pathways, forming a shared language for cross-organ signaling. We examine how peripheral organs function as network nodes, translating local immune or physiological changes into systemic signals that influence brain circuits and behavior. Integrating these axes reveals emergent network properties, such as redundant pathways (degeneracy) that enhance resilience and hub organs that exert disproportionate influence on network stability. This model links complex behavior to multisystem disease cross talk, reframing brain diseases as systemic network dysregulation. Ultimately, the CONB Network perspective informs precision medicine by leveraging immune biomarkers to identify patient subtypes and guide therapeutic strategies to recalibrate cross-organ neuroimmune networks and restore system-wide homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"437-465"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neuroimmunometabolism in Health and Disease. 健康与疾病中的神经免疫代谢。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-090122-050509
Charles A P Sweeney, Hanyu Liu, Matthew Dean, Ana I Domingos
{"title":"Neuroimmunometabolism in Health and Disease.","authors":"Charles A P Sweeney, Hanyu Liu, Matthew Dean, Ana I Domingos","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-090122-050509","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-090122-050509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Focusing on adipose tissue function, this review examines the neuroimmune mechanisms by which sympathetic neurons regulate body weight. Under healthy conditions, anti-inflammatory cues from perineurial barrier cells, mesenchymal cells, and immune cells support sympathetic-adipose communication, in part through the release of neurotrophic factors that sustain local neuronal production of fat-reducing neurotransmitters and neuropeptides such as noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y. In obesity, chronic hyperleptinemia leads to progressive weakening of the sympathetic peri-neurial barrier, thereby triggering neuroinflammation and sympathetic neuropathy. These effects disrupt local sympathetic signaling to adipose tissue and exacerbate weight gain. Notably, sympathetic neuronal release of neuropeptide Y and tachykinins is essential for brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Finally, we critically examine shared neuroimmune and immunometabolic mechanisms in obesity and cancer, and we propose that impaired neuroimmunometabolic signaling may contribute to the well-established epidemiological link between these diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"181-205"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pyroptosis: Turning Up the Heat on Cancer. 焦亡：加大对癌症的火力。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-041848
Zhibin Zhang, Judy Lieberman
{"title":"Pyroptosis: Turning Up the Heat on Cancer.","authors":"Zhibin Zhang, Judy Lieberman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-041848","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-041848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The major effector cells of antitumor immunity are killer lymphocytes that recognize and eliminate tumor cells. The fact that tumor cells look a lot like normal cells poses a challenge to antitumor immune control. A danger signal from the tumor or from antigen-presenting cells that have taken up dying tumor cells is needed to distinguish tumor cells from normal cells to fully activate killer cell effector functionality and memory and thereby control the tumor. How a tumor cell dies strongly affects whether the immune system sees it as dangerous. Activation of innate immunity in the tumor, including interferon signaling and necrotic cell death (e.g., necroptosis and pyroptosis), sounds a potent immune alarm. Pyroptosis plays an important role in tumor immunity by generating an inflamed tumor microenvironment. However, it is a double-edged sword that can both promote tumorigenesis and increase the effectiveness and cytotoxicity of cancer therapy. In this article, we review what is known about the role of tumor cell pyroptosis, which is arguably the most inflammatory type of cell death, in antitumor immunity and discuss whether it could be safely harnessed to broaden the range of tumors that respond to immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"295-323"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147275427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Harnessing the Microbiome in Cancer Immunotherapy: Regulation, Prediction, and Therapeutic Targeting. 在癌症免疫治疗中利用微生物组：调节、预测和治疗靶向。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-114522
Hassane M Zarour, Giorgio Trinchieri
{"title":"Harnessing the Microbiome in Cancer Immunotherapy: Regulation, Prediction, and Therapeutic Targeting.","authors":"Hassane M Zarour, Giorgio Trinchieri","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-114522","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-114522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans are metaorganisms, composed of both host (human) cells and a roughly equal number of commensal microorganisms-collectively known as the microbiome-residing primarily at epithelial barrier surfaces. This review considers human cancer as a disease of the metaorganism, to which the microbiome contributes by influencing genome stability, tissue organization, inflammation, immunity, tumor initiation and promotion, metastasis formation, and therapeutic response. We summarize evidence demonstrating that machine learning models trained on patients' microbiome features moderately predict clinical response to immunotherapy and the development of immune-related adverse events. We review results from single-arm and randomized clinical trials wherein fecal microbiome transplantation from therapy-responsive patients or healthy donors, when combined with therapy targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), improved outcomes in PD-1-refractory patients or served as an effective first-line intervention. We conclude by highlighting the emerging opportunities and ongoing challenges in leveraging the microbiome to enhance the efficacy and safety of cancer immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"41-70"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12788855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145686913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
T Cell Receptor Signaling and Immune Tolerance: From Autoimmunity to Cancer Immunity. T细胞受体信号传导与免疫耐受：从自身免疫到癌症免疫。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082724-025403
Atsushi Tanaka, Shimon Sakaguchi
{"title":"T Cell Receptor Signaling and Immune Tolerance: From Autoimmunity to Cancer Immunity.","authors":"Atsushi Tanaka, Shimon Sakaguchi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082724-025403","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082724-025403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intensity of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling controls thymic positive and negative selection of conventional T cells (Tconv cells) and regulatory T cells (Treg cells), as well as their peripheral activation. Accordingly, the effects of graded TCR signal reduction manifest as a disease spectrum encompassing T cell immune deficiency, latent autoimmunity, and overt autoimmune disease. TCR signal attenuation to a certain range-for example, through hypomorphic mutation of the ZAP-70 (ζ chain-associated protein-70) molecule or reduced expression of its normal form-shifts the TCR repertoire of Tconv and Treg cells toward higher self-reactivity and hampers Treg cell generation. These alterations together lead to spontaneous development of various T cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Additional host genetic and environmental factors exert secondary effects on disease phenotype and manifestation. In addition, pharmacological attenuation of TCR signaling to a certain range in peripheral T cells can selectively reduce mature Treg cells and evoke effective antitumor immune responses. Collectively, TCR-proximal signaling is a key target for controlling autoimmunity and cancer immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"497-526"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Molecular Logic of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Class Switch Recombination. 免疫球蛋白重链类开关重组的分子逻辑。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-121803
William T Yewdell, Keith Conrad Fernandez, Stephanie M Downs-Canner, Jayanta Chaudhuri
{"title":"The Molecular Logic of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Class Switch Recombination.","authors":"William T Yewdell, Keith Conrad Fernandez, Stephanie M Downs-Canner, Jayanta Chaudhuri","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-121803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-121803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Class switch recombination (CSR) enables B cells to diversify antibody effector functions while preserving antigen specificity. This process involves activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-mediated DNA lesions within transcribed donor and acceptor switch (S) regions of the <i>Igh</i> locus, followed by double-strand break repair through end-joining pathways. Recent advances have revealed that CSR is tightly regulated by transcriptional activation, chromatin topology, and dynamic loop extrusion, which together orchestrate the synapsis of distant S regions. Moreover, emerging evidence highlights the roles of transcriptional R-loops, G-quadruplex structures, and enhancer-driven chromatin remodeling in recruiting AID to S regions. In this article, we synthesize our current understanding of the mechanisms that control CSR, emphasizing how genome architecture and transcriptional dynamics collaborate with DNA repair pathways to maintain a balance between antibody diversity and genomic stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"44 1","pages":"527-551"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CD8+ T Cell Immunity in HIV Cure and Prevention: Linking Stemness, Spatial Niches, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies. CD8+ T细胞免疫在HIV治疗和预防中的作用：关联干性、空间壁龛和新兴治疗策略
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082724-125809
Andrea O Papadopoulos, Merantha Moodley, Crystal A Mendoza, Zaza M Ndhlovu
{"title":"CD8+ T Cell Immunity in HIV Cure and Prevention: Linking Stemness, Spatial Niches, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Andrea O Papadopoulos, Merantha Moodley, Crystal A Mendoza, Zaza M Ndhlovu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082724-125809","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082724-125809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The central role of CD8+ T cells in HIV clearance makes them key targets in vaccine and cure strategies. This review examines our evolving understanding of CD8+ T cell-mediated HIV control and its application to curative and preventative interventions. We discuss how CD8+ T cell stemness contributes to protection along the TCF-1 (T cell factor 1) and TOX (thymocyte selection-associated high-mobility group box) axis. We highlight emerging insights, informed by novel clinical trial frameworks, into CD8+ T cell dynamics during acute HIV infection, early therapy, and treatment interruption. Furthermore, we discuss the spatial heterogeneity of CD8+ T cell function in lymphoid tissues, which underscores the antiviral potential of CD8+ T cells during chronic infections and the structural and immunological constraints that limit the clearance of HIV within follicular niches. Looking ahead, we highlight a newly developed cytomegalovirus-vectored vaccine design targeting HLA-E-restricted CD8+ T cells within the broader context of HLA-E biology, along with advances in HIV chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy and HIV-specific T cell receptor engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"95-120"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular, Cellular, Tissue, and Organismal Functions of Type III Interferons. III型干扰素的分子、细胞、组织和机体功能。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-083024-032807
Daniel Boehmer, Sreya Ghosh, Kautilya K Jena, Sara Svensson Akusjärvi, Ivan Zanoni
{"title":"Molecular, Cellular, Tissue, and Organismal Functions of Type III Interferons.","authors":"Daniel Boehmer, Sreya Ghosh, Kautilya K Jena, Sara Svensson Akusjärvi, Ivan Zanoni","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-083024-032807","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-083024-032807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type III interferons are essential immune mediators playing pleiotropic roles during health and disease. In this review, we highlight the molecular and cellular pathways that lead to the production of type III interferons. We also describe their exquisite capacity to act at primary barrier tissues such as those in the intestine, airways, urogenital tract, and skin, as well as to act in other organs such as the liver and thymus. We characterize the activity of type III interferons on distinct cell types in different tissues and organs and detail their impact for the host in the context of viral, bacterial, helminth, and fungal infections. Additionally, we illustrate roles of type III interferons during the development of inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, solid tumors, and lupus. Overall, we summarize the dichotomous roles played by this class of interferons and highlight the knowledge gaps that must be addressed to harness type III interferons against multiple human diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"121-147"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145892025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
γδ T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy: Unconventional Players Take the Spotlight. γδ T细胞用于癌症免疫治疗：非传统参与者成为焦点。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-083024-024653
Georgia Stevens, Rafael Blanco-Domínguez, Sofia Mensurado, Bruno Silva-Santos
{"title":"γδ T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy: Unconventional Players Take the Spotlight.","authors":"Georgia Stevens, Rafael Blanco-Domínguez, Sofia Mensurado, Bruno Silva-Santos","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-083024-024653","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-083024-024653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The success of cancer immunotherapy depends on the mobilization of leukocytes with the capacity to eliminate tumor cells. γδ T cells represent a lymphocyte lineage with strong cytotoxic potential and abundant production of antitumor cytokines. Importantly, they are not restricted to MHC-mediated presentation of neoantigens and thus are highly suited to tackle major challenges in current immunotherapies. In this article, we review the main approaches to engage and expand γδ T cells endogenously (in patients) or exogenously (for adoptive cell therapy) against cancer. We discuss the dichotomy between activation and exhaustion of γδ T cells and how they may benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. Finally, we describe the biological properties of the two main subsets of human γδ T cells, Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells, and how they are boosted, through genetic engineering, toward maximization of their performance as next-generation cancer immunotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"467-495"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147316067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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