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Annual review of immunology最新文献

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Glycans in Immunologic Health and Disease. 聚糖在免疫健康和疾病中的作用。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2021-04-26 Epub Date: 2021-02-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101819-074237
Julie Y Zhou, Brian A Cobb
{"title":"Glycans in Immunologic Health and Disease.","authors":"Julie Y Zhou,&nbsp;Brian A Cobb","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101819-074237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101819-074237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The surfaces of all living organisms and most secreted proteins share a common feature: They are glycosylated. As the outermost-facing molecules, glycans participate in nearly all immunological processes, including driving host-pathogen interactions, immunological recognition and activation, and differentiation between self and nonself through a complex array of pathways and mechanisms. These fundamental immunologic roles are further cast into sharp relief in inflammatory, autoimmune, and cancer disease states in which immune regulation goes awry. Here, we review the broad impact of glycans on the immune system and discuss the changes and clinical opportunities associated with the onset of immunologic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25362285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Immunosensation: Neuroimmune Cross Talk in the Skin. 免疫感觉:皮肤中的神经免疫串扰。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2021-04-26 Epub Date: 2021-02-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101719-113805
Masato Tamari, Aaron M Ver Heul, Brian S Kim
{"title":"Immunosensation: Neuroimmune Cross Talk in the Skin.","authors":"Masato Tamari,&nbsp;Aaron M Ver Heul,&nbsp;Brian S Kim","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101719-113805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101719-113805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classically, skin was considered a mere structural barrier protecting organisms from a diversity of environmental insults. In recent decades, the cutaneous immune system has become recognized as a complex immunologic barrier involved in both antimicrobial immunity and homeostatic processes like wound healing. To sense a variety of chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli, the skin harbors one of the most sophisticated sensory networks in the body. However, recent studies suggest that the cutaneous nervous system is highly integrated with the immune system to encode specific sensations into evolutionarily conserved protective behaviors. In addition to directly sensing pathogens, neurons employ novel neuroimmune mechanisms to provide host immunity. Therefore, given that sensation underlies various physiologies through increasingly complex reflex arcs, a much more dynamic picture is emerging of the skin as a truly systemic organ with highly coordinated physical, immunologic, and neural functions in barrier immunology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25349304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Immune System Investigation Using Parasitic Helminths. 利用寄生蠕虫研究免疫系统。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2021-04-26 Epub Date: 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-122827
Bonnie Douglas, Oyebola Oyesola, Martha M Cooper, Avery Posey, Elia Tait Wojno, Paul R Giacomin, De'Broski R Herbert
{"title":"Immune System Investigation Using Parasitic Helminths.","authors":"Bonnie Douglas,&nbsp;Oyebola Oyesola,&nbsp;Martha M Cooper,&nbsp;Avery Posey,&nbsp;Elia Tait Wojno,&nbsp;Paul R Giacomin,&nbsp;De'Broski R Herbert","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-122827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-122827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coevolutionary adaptation between humans and helminths has developed a finely tuned balance between host immunity and chronic parasitism due to immunoregulation. Given that these reciprocal forces drive selection, experimental models of helminth infection are ideally suited for discovering how host protective immune responses adapt to the unique tissue niches inhabited by these large metazoan parasites. This review highlights the key discoveries in the immunology of helminth infection made over the last decade, from innate lymphoid cells to the emerging importance of neuroimmune connections. A particular emphasis is placed on the emerging areas within helminth immunology where the most growth is possible, including the advent of genetic manipulation of parasites to study immunology and the use of engineered T cells for therapeutic options. Lastly,we cover the status of human challenge trials with helminths as treatment for autoimmune disease, which taken together, stand to keep the study of parasitic worms at the forefront of immunology for years to come.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8162934/pdf/nihms-1704766.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25417265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
The Habitat Filters of Microbiota-Nourishing Immunity. 微生物群滋养免疫的生境过滤器。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2021-04-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101819-024945
Brittany M Miller, Andreas J Bäumler
{"title":"The Habitat Filters of Microbiota-Nourishing Immunity.","authors":"Brittany M Miller,&nbsp;Andreas J Bäumler","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101819-024945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101819-024945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An imbalance in the microbiota may contribute to many human illnesses, which has prompted efforts to rebalance it by targeting the microbes themselves. However, by supplying the habitat, the host wields a prominent influence over microbial growth at body surfaces, raising the possibility that rebalancing the microbiota by targeting our immune system would be a viable alternative. Host control mechanisms that sculpt the microbial habitat form a functional unit with the microbiota, termed microbiota-nourishing immunity, that confers colonization resistance against pathogens. The host components of microbiota-nourishing immunity can be viewed as habitat filters that select for microbial traits licensing growth and survival in host habitat patches. Here we review current knowledge of how host-derived habitat filters shape the size, species composition, and spatial heterogeneity of the microbiota and discuss whether these host control mechanisms could be harnessed for developing approaches to rebalance microbial communities during dysbiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38911297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Dendritic Cells Revisited. 重新审视树突状细胞。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2021-04-26 Epub Date: 2021-01-22 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-061020-053707
Mar Cabeza-Cabrerizo, Ana Cardoso, Carlos M Minutti, Mariana Pereira da Costa, Caetano Reis e Sousa
{"title":"Dendritic Cells Revisited.","authors":"Mar Cabeza-Cabrerizo,&nbsp;Ana Cardoso,&nbsp;Carlos M Minutti,&nbsp;Mariana Pereira da Costa,&nbsp;Caetano Reis e Sousa","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-061020-053707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-061020-053707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dendritic cells (DCs) possess the ability to integrate information about their environment and communicate it to other leukocytes, shaping adaptive and innate immunity. Over the years, a variety of cell types have been called DCs on the basis of phenotypic and functional attributes. Here, we refocus attention on conventional DCs (cDCs), a discrete cell lineage by ontogenetic and gene expression criteria that best corresponds to the cells originally described in the 1970s. We summarize current knowledge of mouse and human cDC subsets and describe their hematopoietic development and their phenotypic and functional attributes. We hope that our effort to review the basic features of cDC biology and distinguish cDCs from related cell types brings to the fore the remarkable properties of this cell type while shedding some light on the seemingly inordinate complexity of the DC field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38848162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 246
Trained Immunity: Reprogramming Innate Immunity in Health and Disease. 训练免疫:在健康和疾病中重新编程先天免疫。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2021-04-26 Epub Date: 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-073855
Siroon Bekkering, Jorge Domínguez-Andrés, Leo A B Joosten, Niels P Riksen, Mihai G Netea
{"title":"Trained Immunity: Reprogramming Innate Immunity in Health and Disease.","authors":"Siroon Bekkering,&nbsp;Jorge Domínguez-Andrés,&nbsp;Leo A B Joosten,&nbsp;Niels P Riksen,&nbsp;Mihai G Netea","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-073855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-073855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditionally, the innate and adaptive immune systems are differentiated by their specificity and memory capacity. In recent years, however, this paradigm has shifted: Cells of the innate immune system appear to be able to gain memory characteristics after transient stimulation, resulting in an enhanced response upon secondary challenge. This phenomenon has been called trained immunity. Trained immunity is characterized by nonspecific increased responsiveness, mediated via extensive metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Trained immunity explains the heterologous effects of vaccines, which result in increased protection against secondary infections. However, in chronic inflammatory conditions, trained immunity can induce maladaptive effects and contribute to hyperinflammation and progression of cardiovascular disease, autoinflammatory syndromes, and neuroinflammation. In this review we summarize the current state of the field of trained immunity, its mechanisms, and its roles in both health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25409663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 121
Insights Gained from Single-Cell Analysis of Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. 肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞单细胞分析获得的见解。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2021-04-26 Epub Date: 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-110519-071134
Xianwen Ren, Lei Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Ziyi Li, Nathan Siemers, Zemin Zhang
{"title":"Insights Gained from Single-Cell Analysis of Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment.","authors":"Xianwen Ren,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Ziyi Li,&nbsp;Nathan Siemers,&nbsp;Zemin Zhang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-110519-071134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-110519-071134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding tumor immune microenvironments is critical for identifying immune modifiers of cancer progression and developing cancer immunotherapies. Recent applications of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in dissecting tumor microenvironments have brought important insights into the biology of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including their heterogeneity, dynamics, and potential roles in both disease progression and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapies. This review focuses on the advances in knowledge of tumor immune microenvironments acquired from scRNA-seq studies across multiple types of human tumors, with a particular emphasis on the study of phenotypic plasticity and lineage dynamics of immune cells in the tumor environment. We also discuss several imminent questions emerging from scRNA-seq observations and their potential solutions on the horizon.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25409664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 103
Production and Function of Immunoglobulin A. 免疫球蛋白A的产生和功能。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2021-04-26 Epub Date: 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-074236
Timothy W Hand, Andrea Reboldi
{"title":"Production and Function of Immunoglobulin A.","authors":"Timothy W Hand,&nbsp;Andrea Reboldi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-074236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-074236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among antibodies, IgA is unique because it has evolved to be secreted onto mucosal surfaces. The structure of IgA and the associated secretory component allow IgA to survive the highly proteolytic environment of mucosal surfaces but also substantially limit IgA's ability to activate effector functions on immune cells. Despite these characteristics, IgA is critical for both preventing enteric infections and shaping the local microbiome. IgA's function is determined by a distinct antigen-binding repertoire, composed of antibodies with a variety of specificities, from permissive polyspecificity to cross-reactivity to exquisite specificity to a single epitope, which act together to regulate intestinal bacteria. Development of the unique function and specificities of IgA is shaped by local cues provided by the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, driven by the constantly changing environment of the intestine and microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25417263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 41
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Team Players in Regulating Asthma. 先天淋巴样细胞:调节哮喘的团队成员。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2021-04-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-110119-091711
Noe Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Mayuri Gogoi, Andrew N J McKenzie
{"title":"Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Team Players in Regulating Asthma.","authors":"Noe Rodriguez-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Mayuri Gogoi,&nbsp;Andrew N J McKenzie","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-110119-091711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-110119-091711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 immunity helps protect the host from infection, but it also plays key roles in tissue homeostasis, metabolism, and repair. Unfortunately, inappropriate type 2 immune reactions may lead to allergy and asthma. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lungs respond rapidly to local environmental cues, such as the release of epithelium-derived type 2 initiator cytokines/alarmins, producing type 2 effector cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in response to tissue damage and infection. ILC2s are associated with the severity of allergic asthma, and experimental models of lung inflammation have shown how they act as playmakers, receiving signals variously from stromal and immune cells as well as the nervous system and then distributing cytokine cues to elicit type 2 immune effector functions and potentiate CD4<sup>+</sup> T helper cell activation, both of which characterize the pathology of allergic asthma. Recent breakthroughs identifying stromal- and neuronal-derived microenvironmental cues that regulate ILC2s, along with studies recognizing the potential plasticity of ILC2s, have improved our understanding of the immunoregulation of asthma and opened new avenues for drug discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7614118/pdf/EMS163166.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10632778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
The Shaping of a B Cell Pool Maximally Responsive to Infections. 对感染反应最大的B细胞池的形成。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2021-04-26 Epub Date: 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041238
Nicole Baumgarth
{"title":"The Shaping of a B Cell Pool Maximally Responsive to Infections.","authors":"Nicole Baumgarth","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>B cell subsets differ in development, tissue distribution, and mechanisms of activation. In response to infections, however, all can differentiate into extrafollicular plasmablasts that rapidly provide highly protective antibodies, indicating that these plasmablasts are the main humoral immune response effectors. Yet, the effectiveness of this response type depends on the presence of antigen-specific precursors in the circulating mature B cell pool, a pool that is generated initially through the stochastic processes of B cell receptor assembly. Importantly, germinal centers then mold the repertoire of this B cell pool to be increasingly responsive to pathogens by generating a broad array of antimicrobial memory B cells that act as highly effective precursors of extrafollicular plasmablasts. Such B cell repertoire molding occurs in two ways: continuously via the chronic germinal centers of mucosal lymphoid tissues, driven by the presence of the microbiome, and via de novo generated germinal centers following acute infections. For effectively evaluating humoral immunity as a correlate of immune protection, it might be critical to measure memory B cell pools in addition to antibody titers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38760954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
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