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Annual review of immunology最新文献

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Reconciling Mouse and Human Immunology at the Altar of Genetics. 在遗传学的祭坛上调和小鼠与人类的免疫学。
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2023-04-26 Epub Date: 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-065201
Philippe Gros, Jean-Laurent Casanova
{"title":"Reconciling Mouse and Human Immunology at the Altar of Genetics.","authors":"Philippe Gros, Jean-Laurent Casanova","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-065201","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-065201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunity to infection has been extensively studied in humans and mice bearing naturally occurring or experimentally introduced germline mutations. Mouse studies are sometimes neglected by human immunologists, on the basis that mice are not humans and the infections studied are experimental and not natural. Conversely, human studies are sometimes neglected by mouse immunologists, on the basis of the uncontrolled conditions of study and small numbers of patients. However, both sides would agree that the infectious phenotypes of patients with inborn errors of immunity often differ from those of the corresponding mutant mice. Why is that? We argue that this important question is best addressed by revisiting and reinterpreting the findings of both mouse and human studies from a genetic perspective. Greater caution is required for reverse-genetics studies than for forward-genetics studies, but genetic analysis is sufficiently strong to define the studies likely to stand the test of time. Genetically robust mouse and human studies can provide invaluable complementary insights into the mechanisms of immunity to infection common and specific to these two species.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"41 ","pages":"39-71"},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9481266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular Mechanisms of Multimeric Assembly of IgM and IgA. IgM和IgA多聚体组装的分子机制。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2022-04-26 Epub Date: 2022-01-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-123742
Marissa L Matsumoto
{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Multimeric Assembly of IgM and IgA.","authors":"Marissa L Matsumoto","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-123742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-123742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As central effectors of the adaptive immune response, immunoglobulins, or antibodies, provide essential protection from pathogens through their ability to recognize foreign antigens, aid in neutralization, and facilitate elimination from the host. Mammalian immunoglobulins can be classified into five isotypes-IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM-each with distinct roles in mediating various aspects of the immune response. Of these isotypes, IgA and IgM are the only ones capable of multimerization, arming them with unique biological functions. Increased valency of polymeric IgA and IgM provides high avidity for binding low-affinity antigens, and their ability to be transported across the mucosal epithelium into secretions by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor allows them to play critical roles in mucosal immunity. Here we discuss the molecular assembly, structure, and function of these multimeric antibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"221-247"},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39845899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
IL-6 Revisited: From Rheumatoid Arthritis to CAR T Cell Therapy and COVID-19. IL-6重新审视:从类风湿关节炎到CAR - T细胞治疗和COVID-19。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2022-04-26 Epub Date: 2022-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-023458
Tadamitsu Kishimoto, Sujin Kang
{"title":"IL-6 Revisited: From Rheumatoid Arthritis to CAR T Cell Therapy and COVID-19.","authors":"Tadamitsu Kishimoto,&nbsp;Sujin Kang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-023458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-023458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diverse biological activity of interleukin-6 (IL-6) contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis. Emergent infection or tissue injury induces rapid production of IL-6 and activates host defense through augmentation of acute-phase proteins and immune responses. However, excessive IL-6 production and uncontrolled IL-6 receptor signaling are critical to pathogenesis. Over the years, therapeutic agents targeting IL-6 signaling, such as tocilizumab, a humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, have shown remarkable efficacy for rheumatoid arthritis, Castleman disease, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and their efficacy in other diseases is continually being reported. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the benefit of tocilizumab for several types of acute inflammatory diseases, including cytokine storms induced by chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we refocus attention on the biology of IL-6 and summarize the distinct pathological roles of IL-6 signaling in several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"323-348"},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39884324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
Exposing T Cell Secrets Inside and Outside the Thymus. 揭露胸腺内外的T细胞秘密。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2022-04-26 Epub Date: 2021-12-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-014126
Pamela J Fink
{"title":"Exposing T Cell Secrets Inside and Outside the Thymus.","authors":"Pamela J Fink","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-014126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-014126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I've had serious misgivings about writing this article, because from living the experience day by day, it's hard to believe my accomplishments merit the attention. To skirt this roadblock, I forced myself to pretend I was in a conversation with my trainees, trying to distill the central driving forces of my career in science. The below chronicles my evolution from would-be astronaut/ballerina to budding developmental biologist to devoted T cell immunologist. It traces my work from a focus on intrathymic events that mold developing T cells into self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted lymphocytes to extrathymic events that fine-tune the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and impose the finishing touches on T cell maturation. It is a story of a few personal attributes multiplied by generous mentors, good luck, hard work, perseverance, and knowing when to step down.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39810241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
B Cell Function in the Tumor Microenvironment. B细胞在肿瘤微环境中的功能。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-015603
Stephanie M Downs-Canner, Jeremy Meier, Benjamin G Vincent, Jonathan S Serody
{"title":"B Cell Function in the Tumor Microenvironment.","authors":"Stephanie M Downs-Canner,&nbsp;Jeremy Meier,&nbsp;Benjamin G Vincent,&nbsp;Jonathan S Serody","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-015603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-015603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a heterogeneous, complex organization composed of tumor, stroma, and endothelial cells that is characterized by cross talk between tumor and innate and adaptive immune cells. Over the last decade, it has become increasingly clear that the immune cells in the TME play a critical role in controlling or promoting tumor growth. The function of T lymphocytes in this process has been well characterized. On the other hand, the function of B lymphocytes is less clear, although recent data from our group and others have strongly indicated a critical role for B cells in antitumor immunity. There are, however, a multitude of populations of B cells found within the TME, ranging from naive B cells all the way to terminally differentiated plasma cells and memory B cells. Here, we characterize the role of B cells in the TME in both animal models and patients, with an emphasis on dissecting how B cell heterogeneity contributes to the immune response to cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"40 ","pages":"169-193"},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9087355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 58
Sex Differences in Immunity. 免疫力的性别差异。
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2022-04-26 Epub Date: 2022-01-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-125133
Nicole M Wilkinson, Ho-Chung Chen, Melissa G Lechner, Maureen A Su
{"title":"Sex Differences in Immunity.","authors":"Nicole M Wilkinson, Ho-Chung Chen, Melissa G Lechner, Maureen A Su","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-125133","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-125133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strong epidemiological evidence now exists that sex is an important biologic variable in immunity. Recent studies, for example, have revealed that sex differences are associated with the severity of symptoms and mortality due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite this evidence, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms underlying associations between sex differences and immune-mediated conditions. A growing body of experimental data has made significant inroads into understanding sex-influenced immune responses. As physicians seek to provide more targeted patient care, it is critical to understand how sex-defining factors (e.g., chromosomes, gonadal hormones) alter immune responses in health and disease. In this review, we highlight recent insights into sex differences in autoimmunity; virus infection, specifically severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; and cancer immunotherapy. A deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms will allow the development of a sex-based approach to disease screening and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"40 ","pages":"75-94"},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9805670/pdf/nihms-1858368.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9704494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Innate Sensors Trigger Regulated Cell Death to Combat Intracellular Infection. 先天传感器触发调节细胞死亡以对抗细胞内感染。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-011235
Kengo Nozaki, Lupeng Li, Edward A Miao
{"title":"Innate Sensors Trigger Regulated Cell Death to Combat Intracellular Infection.","authors":"Kengo Nozaki,&nbsp;Lupeng Li,&nbsp;Edward A Miao","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-011235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-011235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracellular pathogens pose a significant threat to animals. In defense, innate immune sensors attempt to detect these pathogens using pattern recognition receptors that either directly detect microbial molecules or indirectly detect their pathogenic activity. These sensors trigger different forms of regulated cell death, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, which eliminate the infected host cell niche while simultaneously promoting beneficial immune responses. These defenses force intracellular pathogens to evolve strategies to minimize or completely evade the sensors. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the cytosolic pattern recognition receptors that drive cell death, including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP6, NLRP9, NLRC4, AIM2, IFI16, and ZBP1.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"40 ","pages":"469-498"},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9614550/pdf/nihms-1843149.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9349395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 37
The Tuberculous Granuloma and Preexisting Immunity. 结核性肉芽肿与既往免疫。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2022-04-26 Epub Date: 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-125148
Sara B Cohen, Benjamin H Gern, Kevin B Urdahl
{"title":"The Tuberculous Granuloma and Preexisting Immunity.","authors":"Sara B Cohen,&nbsp;Benjamin H Gern,&nbsp;Kevin B Urdahl","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-125148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-125148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary granulomas are widely considered the epicenters of the immune response to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Recent animal studies have revealed factors that either promote or restrict TB immunity within granulomas. These models, however, typically ignore the impact of preexisting immunity on cellular organization and function, an important consideration because most TB probably occurs through reinfection of previously exposed individuals. Human postmortem research from the pre-antibiotic era showed that infections in Mtb-naïve individuals (primary TB) versus those with prior Mtb exposure (postprimary TB) have distinct pathologic features. We review recent animal findings in TB granuloma biology, which largely reflect primary TB. We also discuss our current understanding of postprimary TB lesions, about which much less is known. Many knowledge gaps remain, particularly regarding how preexisting immunity shapes granuloma structure and local immune responses at Mtb infection sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"589-614"},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39773077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Tissue Immunity in the Bladder. 膀胱组织免疫。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-032117
Georgina S Bowyer, Kevin W Loudon, Ondrej Suchanek, Menna R Clatworthy
{"title":"Tissue Immunity in the Bladder.","authors":"Georgina S Bowyer, Kevin W Loudon, Ondrej Suchanek, Menna R Clatworthy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-032117","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-032117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bladder is a major component of the urinary tract, an organ system that expels metabolic waste and excess water, which necessitates proximity to the external environment and its pathogens. It also houses a commensal microbiome. Therefore, its tissue immunity must resist pathogen invasion while maintaining tolerance to commensals. Bacterial infection of the bladder is common, with half of women globally experiencing one or more episodes of cystitis in their lifetime. Despite this, our knowledge of bladder immunity, particularly in humans, is incomplete. Here we consider the current view of tissue immunity in the bladder, with a focus on defense against infection. The urothelium has robust immune functionality, and its defensive capabilities are supported by resident immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and γδ T cells. We discuss each in turn and consider why adaptive immune responses are often ineffective in preventing recurrent infection, as well as areas of priority for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"40 ","pages":"499-523"},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9157185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evolutionary Landscapes of Host-Virus Arms Races. 宿主-病毒军备竞赛的进化景观。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-072621-084422
Jeannette L Tenthorey, Michael Emerman, Harmit S Malik
{"title":"Evolutionary Landscapes of Host-Virus Arms Races.","authors":"Jeannette L Tenthorey,&nbsp;Michael Emerman,&nbsp;Harmit S Malik","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-072621-084422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-072621-084422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vertebrate immune systems suppress viral infection using both innate restriction factors and adaptive immunity. Viruses mutate to escape these defenses, driving hosts to counterevolve to regain fitness. This cycle recurs repeatedly, resulting in an evolutionary arms race whose outcome depends on the pace and likelihood of adaptation by host and viral genes. Although viruses evolve faster than their vertebrate hosts, their proteins are subject to numerous functional constraints that impact the probability of adaptation. These constraints are globally defined by evolutionary landscapes, which describe the fitness and adaptive potential of all possible mutations. We review deep mutational scanning experiments mapping the evolutionary landscapes of both host and viral proteins engaged in arms races. For restriction factors and some broadly neutralizing antibodies, landscapes favor the host, which may help to level the evolutionary playing field against rapidly evolving viruses. We discuss the biophysical underpinnings of these landscapes and their therapeutic implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"40 ","pages":"271-294"},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10817866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
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