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Annual review of immunology最新文献

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Engineering Mice to Study Human Immunity. 用工程小鼠研究人体免疫力
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082523-124415
Esen Sefik, Tianli Xiao, Michael Chiorazzi, Ian Odell, Fengrui Zhang, Kriti Agrawal, Goran Micevic, Richard A Flavell
{"title":"Engineering Mice to Study Human Immunity.","authors":"Esen Sefik, Tianli Xiao, Michael Chiorazzi, Ian Odell, Fengrui Zhang, Kriti Agrawal, Goran Micevic, Richard A Flavell","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082523-124415","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082523-124415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humanized mice, which carry a human hematopoietic and immune system, have greatly advanced our understanding of human immune responses and immunological diseases. These mice are created via the transplantation of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into immunocompromised murine hosts further engineered to support human hematopoiesis and immune cell growth. This article explores genetic modifications in mice that enhance xeno-tolerance, promote human hematopoiesis and immunity, and enable xenotransplantation of human tissues with resident immune cells. We also discuss genetic editing of the human immune system, provide examples of how humanized mice with humanized organs model diseases for mechanistic studies, and highlight the roles of these models in advancing knowledge of organ biology, immune responses to pathogens, and preclinical drugs tested for cancer treatment. The integration of multi-omics and state-of-the art approaches with humanized mouse models is crucial for bridging existing human data with causality and promises to significantly advance mechanistic studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"451-487"},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Protein Synthesis and Metabolism in T Cells. T细胞中的蛋白质合成和代谢。
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-035253
Linda V Sinclair, Doreen A Cantrell
{"title":"Protein Synthesis and Metabolism in T Cells.","authors":"Linda V Sinclair, Doreen A Cantrell","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-035253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-035253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T lymphocytes are essential for immune responses to pathogens and tumors. Their ability to rapidly clonally expand and differentiate to effector cells following infection, and then to curb effector function following infection clearance, is fundamental for adaptive immunity. Proteome remodeling in response to immune activation is a fundamental mechanism that allows T cells to swiftly reprogram for acquisition of effector function and is possible only because antigen receptor- and cytokine-driven signal transduction pathways can trigger massive increases in protein synthesis. Equally, the ability to repress protein synthesis supports a return to quiescence once pathogens are cleared to avoid autoimmunity and to generate memory T cell populations. This review discusses what is known about T cell proteomes and the regulatory mechanisms that control protein synthesis in T cells. The focus is on how this fundamental process is dynamically controlled to ensure immune homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"43 1","pages":"343-366"},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular Mechanisms Governing CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Checkpoint Inhibitor Response in Cancer. 肿瘤中CD8 T细胞分化和检查点抑制剂反应的分子机制。
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-044122
Lisa Rausch, Axel Kallies
{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms Governing CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Checkpoint Inhibitor Response in Cancer.","authors":"Lisa Rausch, Axel Kallies","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-044122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-044122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CD8 T cells play a critical role in antitumor immunity. However, over time, they often become dysfunctional or exhausted and ultimately fail to control tumor growth. To effectively harness CD8 T cells for cancer immunotherapy, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that govern their differentiation and function is crucial. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the molecular pathways that regulate CD8 T cell heterogeneity and function in chronic infection and cancer and outlines how T cells respond to therapeutic checkpoint blockade. We explore how T cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors influence CD8 T cell differentiation, fate choices, and functional states and ultimately dictate their response to therapy. Identifying cells that orchestrate long-term antitumor immunity and understanding the mechanisms that govern their development and persistence are critical steps toward improving cancer immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"43 1","pages":"515-543"},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antigen Uptake in the Gut: An Underappreciated Piece to the Puzzle? 肠道中的抗原摄取：一个未被充分认识的谜团？
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082523-090154
Devesha H Kulkarni, Rodney D Newberry
{"title":"Antigen Uptake in the Gut: An Underappreciated Piece to the Puzzle?","authors":"Devesha H Kulkarni, Rodney D Newberry","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082523-090154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082523-090154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mammalian gut is a vast, diverse, and dynamic single-layer epithelial surface exposed to trillions of microbes, microbial products, and the diet. Underlying this epithelium lies the largest collection of immune cells in the body; these cells encounter luminal substances to generate antigen-specific immune responses characterized by tolerance at homeostasis and inflammation during enteric infections. How the outcomes of antigen-specific tolerance and inflammation are appropriately balanced is a central question in mucosal immunology. Furthermore, how substances large enough to generate antigen-specific responses cross the epithelium and encounter the immune system in homeostasis and during inflammation remains largely unexplored. Here we discuss the challenges presented to the gut immune system, the identified pathways by which luminal substances cross the epithelium, and insights suggesting that the pathways used by substances to cross the epithelium affect the ensuing immune response.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"43 1","pages":"571-588"},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Barrier Integrity and Immunity: Exploring the Cutaneous Front Line in Health and Disease. 屏障完整性和免疫：探索健康和疾病的皮肤前线。
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-030832
Keitaro Fukuda, Yoshihiro Ito, Masayuki Amagai
{"title":"Barrier Integrity and Immunity: Exploring the Cutaneous Front Line in Health and Disease.","authors":"Keitaro Fukuda, Yoshihiro Ito, Masayuki Amagai","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-030832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-030832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune responses are influenced by not only immune cells but also the tissue microenvironment where these cells reside. Recent advancements in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and structures of the epidermal tight junctions (TJs) and stratum corneum (SC) have significantly enhanced our knowledge of skin barrier functions. TJs, located in the granular layer of the epidermis, are crucial boundary elements in the differentiation process, particularly in the transition from living cells to dead cells. The SC forms from dead keratinocytes via corneoptosis and features three distinct pH zones critical for barrier function and homeostasis. Additionally, the SC-skin microbiota interactions are crucial for modulating immune responses and protecting against pathogens. In this review, we explore how these components contribute both to healthy and disease states. By targeting the skin barrier in therapeutic strategies, we can enhance its integrity, modulate immune responses, and ultimately improve outcomes for patients with inflammatory skin conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"43 1","pages":"219-252"},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immune Regulation of Goblet Cell and Mucus Functions in Health and Disease. 杯状细胞和黏液功能在健康和疾病中的免疫调节。
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-065224
Jenny K Gustafsson, Gunnar C Hansson
{"title":"Immune Regulation of Goblet Cell and Mucus Functions in Health and Disease.","authors":"Jenny K Gustafsson, Gunnar C Hansson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-065224","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-065224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mucosal surfaces of the body are the most vulnerable points for infection because they are lined by single or multiple layers of very active epithelial cells. The main protector of these cells is the mucus system generated by the specialized goblet cell secreting its main components, the gel-forming mucins. The organization of the mucus varies from an attached mucus that is impenetrable to bacteria in the large intestine to a nonattached, more penetrable mucus in the small intestine. The respiratory tract mucus system clears particles and microorganisms from healthy lungs but causes disease if reorganized to an attached mucus that cannot be efficiently transported. Similarly, transformation of large intestine mucus from impenetrable to penetrable causes chronic inflammation directed toward the intestinal microbiota. Mucus-producing goblet cells are regulated by and responsive to signals from immune cells, and at the same time signal back to the immune system. In this review we focus on the relationship of immune cells with intestinal goblet cells and mucus, making parallels to the respiratory tract.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"169-189"},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and Functions of MAIT Cells. MAIT细胞的发育和功能。
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-025943
Marion Salou, Rafael A Paiva, Olivier Lantz
{"title":"Development and Functions of MAIT Cells.","authors":"Marion Salou, Rafael A Paiva, Olivier Lantz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-025943","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-025943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionarily conserved T cells that recognize microbial metabolites. They are abundant in humans and conserved during mammalian evolution, which suggests that they have important nonredundant functions. In this article, we discuss the evolutionary conservation of MAIT cells and describe their original developmental process. MAIT cells exert a wide variety of effector functions, from killing infected cells and promoting inflammation to repairing tissues. We provide insights into these functions and discuss how they result from the context of stimulation encountered by MAIT cells in different tissues and pathological settings. We describe how MAIT cell numbers and features are modified in disease states, focusing mainly on in vivo models. Lastly, we discuss emerging strategies to manipulate MAIT cells for therapeutic purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"253-283"},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neuroimmune Circuits in Allergic Diseases. 过敏性疾病中的神经免疫回路
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-032154
Cai Han, Xueping Zhu, Caroline L Sokol
{"title":"Neuroimmune Circuits in Allergic Diseases.","authors":"Cai Han, Xueping Zhu, Caroline L Sokol","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-032154","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-032154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Communication between the nervous and immune systems is evolutionarily conserved. From primitive eukaryotes to higher mammals, neuroimmune communication utilizes multiple complex and complementary mechanisms to trigger effective but balanced responses to environmental dangers such as allergens and tissue damage. These responses result from a tight integration of the nervous and immune systems, and accumulating evidence suggests that this bidirectional communication is crucial in modulating the initiation and development of allergic inflammation. In this review, we discuss the basic mechanisms of neuroimmune communication, with a focus on the recent advances underlying the importance of such communication in the allergic immune response. We examine neuronal sensing of allergens, how neuropeptides and neurotransmitters regulate allergic immune cell functions, and how inflammatory factors derived from immune cells coordinate complex peripheral and central nervous system responses. Furthermore, we highlight how fundamental aspects of host biology, from aging to circadian rhythm, might affect these pathways. Appreciating neuroimmune communications as an evolutionarily conserved and functionally integrated system that is fundamentally involved in type 2 immunity will provide new insights into allergic inflammation and reveal exciting opportunities for the management of acute and chronic allergic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"367-394"},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tracing the Evolution of Human Immunity Through Ancient DNA. 通过古代DNA追踪人类免疫的进化。
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-024638
Etienne Patin, Lluis Quintana-Murci
{"title":"Tracing the Evolution of Human Immunity Through Ancient DNA.","authors":"Etienne Patin, Lluis Quintana-Murci","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-024638","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-024638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections have imposed strong selection pressures throughout human evolution, making the study of natural selection's effects on immunity genes highly complementary to disease-focused research. This review discusses how ancient DNA studies, which have revolutionized evolutionary genetics, increase our understanding of the evolution of human immunity. These studies have shown that interbreeding between modern humans and Neanderthals or Denisovans has influenced present-day immune responses, particularly to viruses. Additionally, ancient genomics enables the tracking of how human immunity has evolved across cultural transitions, highlighting strong selection since the Bronze Age in Europe (<4,500 years) and potential genetic adaptations to epidemics raging during the Middle Ages and the European colonization of the Americas. Furthermore, ancient genomic studies suggest that the genetic risk for noninfectious immune disorders has gradually increased over millennia because alleles associated with increased risk for autoimmunity and inflammation once conferred resistance to infections. The challenge now is to extend these findings to diverse, non-European populations and to provide a more global understanding of the evolution of human immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"57-82"},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
T Cell Development and Responses in Human Immune System Mice. 人类免疫系统小鼠的T细胞发育和应答。
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-041615
Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooei, Hao Wei Li, Megan Sykes
{"title":"T Cell Development and Responses in Human Immune System Mice.","authors":"Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooei, Hao Wei Li, Megan Sykes","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-041615","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082223-041615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human Immune System (HIS) mice constructed with mature human immune cells or with human hematopoietic stem cells and thymic tissue have provided an important tool for human immunological research. In this article, we first review the different types of HIS mice based on human tissues transplanted and sources of the tissues. We then focus on knowledge of human T cell development and responses obtained using HIS mouse models. These areas include the development of human T cell subsets, with a focus on αβ conventional T cells and regulatory T cells, and human T cell responses in the settings of infection, transplantation rejection and tolerance, autoimmune disease, cancer immunotherapy, and regulatory T cell therapy. We also discuss the limitations and potential future applications of HIS mouse models.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"83-112"},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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