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Annual review of immunology最新文献

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Tissue Regulatory T Cells. 组织调节性T细胞。
IF 39.8 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082924-092651
Markus Feuerer, Daniel H D Gray, Lucille C Rankin, Lisa Schmidleithner, Adrian Liston
{"title":"Tissue Regulatory T Cells.","authors":"Markus Feuerer, Daniel H D Gray, Lucille C Rankin, Lisa Schmidleithner, Adrian Liston","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082924-092651","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082924-092651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) have well-defined roles in limiting systemic immune responses against diverse stimuli. However, the observation that a subset of Tregs also enter nonlymphoid tissues, where they assume additional functions, has become increasingly apparent. These tissue-resident Tregs have diverse beneficial roles in tissue physiology, such as aiding homeostasis and promoting tissue repair and regeneration. In this article, we survey the state of knowledge of tissue Treg form and function in fat, muscle, heart, brain, skin, lung, and gut tissue. From a synthesis of the broader scope of the molecular features and cellular kinetics emerges a converging program of tissue residency shared across tissues and species. A core residency module drives tissue residency for Tregs, with a dynamic cellular flux of tissue-resident cells during homeostasis and disease. Finally, we review the potential for clinical translation and the key unknowns to address for the therapeutic exploitation of this enigmatic population.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"237-265"},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146177682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decoding Human T Cell Immunity with Artificial Intelligence and Single-Cell Genomics. 用人工智能和单细胞基因组学解码人类T细胞免疫。
IF 39.8 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082724-011631
Lisa M Dratva, Sarah A Teichmann, Lorenz Kretschmer
{"title":"Decoding Human T Cell Immunity with Artificial Intelligence and Single-Cell Genomics.","authors":"Lisa M Dratva, Sarah A Teichmann, Lorenz Kretschmer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082724-011631","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082724-011631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T cells are key mediators of adaptive immunity, yet their highly dynamic response states and immense T cell receptor (TCR) diversity pose challenges in deciphering their functional roles in human diseases. Recent advances in single-cell genomics and TCR sequencing provide unprecedented opportunities to resolve T cell heterogeneity, decode clonal response dynamics, and facilitate high-throughput antigen specificity mapping. In this review, we summarize major technological innovations that have transformed T cell research, from experimental tools for antigen-specific T cell profiling to machine learning frameworks for predicting interactions between the TCR and peptide-MHC (pMHC) and structural modeling powered by deep learning. We discuss current bottlenecks, including data limitations and model generalizability, and explore emerging strategies to guide the next generation of T cell discoveries. We argue that artificial intelligence and single-cell genomics will collectively pave the way for dissecting T cell heterogeneity, mapping TCR sequence to pMHC specificity, and interpreting these features in the context of clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"44 1","pages":"381-405"},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Macrophage Differentiation and Metabolic Adaptation in Mycobacterial Infections. 分枝杆菌感染中的巨噬细胞分化和代谢适应。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-120757
Anne Kathrin Lösslein, Philipp Henneke
{"title":"Macrophage Differentiation and Metabolic Adaptation in Mycobacterial Infections.","authors":"Anne Kathrin Lösslein, Philipp Henneke","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-120757","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-120757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adaptation of macrophages-the most common tissue-resident immune cells-to metabolic and microbial cues with high local variability is essential for the maintenance of organ integrity. In homeostasis, macrophages show largely predictable tissue-specific differentiation, as recently revealed by multidimensional methods. However, chronic infections with human-adapted pathogens substantially contribute to the differentiation complexity of tissue macrophages, which has been only partially resolved. Specifically, the response to mycobacterial species-which range from <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (with highest specificity for humans, broad organ tropism, yet tissue-specific disease phenotypes) to environmental mycobacteria with humans as accidental hosts-may serve as a paradigm of tissue macrophage adaptation mechanisms. While mycobacterial species-specific tissue preferences are partially related to the mode of acquisition and pathogen characteristics, evolutionary convergence with macrophages driven by metabolic features of the target organ likely contributes to infection resistance and immunopathology. In this review, we unravel the mechanisms of tissue-specific macrophage differentiation and its limitations in mycobacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"423-450"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Interplay Between Innate Immunity and Nonimmune Cells in Lung Damage, Inflammation, and Repair. 先天免疫和非免疫细胞在肺损伤、炎症和修复中的相互作用。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-031852
Chrysante S Iliakis, Stefania Crotta, Andreas Wack
{"title":"The Interplay Between Innate Immunity and Nonimmune Cells in Lung Damage, Inflammation, and Repair.","authors":"Chrysante S Iliakis, Stefania Crotta, Andreas Wack","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-031852","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-031852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the site of gas exchange, the lung is critical for organismal survival. It is also subject to continual environmental insults inflicted by pathogens, particles, and toxins. Sometimes, these insults result in structural damage and the initiation of an innate immune response. Operating in parallel, the immune response aims to eliminate the threat, while the repair process ensures continual physiological function of the lung. The inflammatory response and repair processes are thus inextricably linked in time and space but are often studied in isolation. Here, we review the interplay of innate immune cells and nonimmune cells during lung insult and repair. We highlight how cellular cross talk can fine-tune the circuitry of the immune response, how innate immune cells can facilitate or antagonize proper organ repair, and the prolonged changes to lung immunity and physiology that can result from acute immune responses and repair processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"395-422"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Regulation of the cGAS-STING Pathway. cGAS-STING通路的调控。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-032910
Bing Zhang, Pengbiao Xu, Andrea Ablasser
{"title":"Regulation of the cGAS-STING Pathway.","authors":"Bing Zhang, Pengbiao Xu, Andrea Ablasser","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-032910","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-032910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway is essential for immune defense against pathogens. Upon binding DNA, cGAS synthesizes cGAMP, which activates STING, leading to potent innate immune effector responses. However, lacking specific features to distinguish between self and nonself DNA, cGAS-STING immunity requires precise regulation to prevent aberrant activation. Several safeguard mechanisms acting on different levels have evolved to maintain tolerance to self DNA and ensure immune homeostasis under normal conditions. Disruption of these safeguards can lead to erroneous activation by self DNA, resulting in inflammatory conditions but also favorable antitumor immunity. Insights into structural and cellular checkpoints that control and terminate cGAS-STING signaling are essential for comprehending and manipulating DNA-triggered innate immunity in health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"667-692"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human Immune Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus Highlighted by Immunodeficiencies. 人类对eb病毒的免疫反应由免疫缺陷引起。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-035455
Sylvain Latour
{"title":"Human Immune Responses to Epstein-Barr Virus Highlighted by Immunodeficiencies.","authors":"Sylvain Latour","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-035455","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-035455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) represent unique in natura models that uncover key components of immunity in humans, in particular those that predispose to infections. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most common opportunistic infectious agents in humans and is responsible for several diseases, including infectious mononucleosis, nonmalignant and malignant lymphoproliferative disorders, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and smooth muscle and epithelial tumors. For most individuals, EBV infection persists for life without pathological consequences. IEIs that do not predispose to EBV infection suggest that innate and humoral responses are not necessary or redundant for the immune response to EBV. IEIs associated with high susceptibility to EBV infection provide unequivocal genetic proof of the central role of CD8+ T cell responses in immunity to EBV. They also highlight the distinct steps and pathways required for, on the one hand, the effector cytotoxic functions of CD8+ T cells and, on the other hand, the expansion and maturation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"43 1","pages":"723-749"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genetic Regulation of Cell Death: Insights from Autoinflammatory Diseases. 细胞死亡的遗传调控：来自自身炎症性疾病的见解。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-090222-105848
Hirotsugu Oda, Alessandro Annibaldi, Daniel L Kastner, Ivona Aksentijevich
{"title":"Genetic Regulation of Cell Death: Insights from Autoinflammatory Diseases.","authors":"Hirotsugu Oda, Alessandro Annibaldi, Daniel L Kastner, Ivona Aksentijevich","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-090222-105848","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-090222-105848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metazoans have evolved innate antimicrobial defenses that promote cellular survival and proliferation. Countering the inevitable molecular mechanisms by which microbes sabotage these pathways, multicellular organisms rely on an alternative, perhaps more ancient, strategy that is the immune equivalent of suicide bombing: Infection triggers cell death programs that summon localized or even systemic inflammation. The study of human genetics has now unveiled a level of complexity that refutes the naive view that cell death is merely a blunt instrument or an evolutionary afterthought. To the contrary, findings from patients with rare diseases teach us that cell death-induced inflammation is a sophisticated, tightly choreographed process. We herein review the emerging body of evidence describing a group of illnesses-inborn errors of cell death, which define many of the molecular building blocks and regulatory elements controlling cell death-induced inflammation in humans-and provide a possible road map to countering this process across the spectrum of rare and common illnesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"43 1","pages":"313-342"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143953115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Cytokines to Tuberculosis and Back: My Journey to Understanding the Immune Response to Infection. 从细胞因子到肺结核再回来：我理解感染免疫反应的旅程。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-010824-041601
Anne O'Garra
{"title":"From Cytokines to Tuberculosis and Back: My Journey to Understanding the Immune Response to Infection.","authors":"Anne O'Garra","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-010824-041601","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-010824-041601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I felt honored by the invitation to write this autobiography, although it was an arduous task to describe my journey through science: first bacterial adhesion, then cytokine function, and then immune responses in tuberculosis. Since only seven women had been authors of autobiographies for the <i>Annual Review of Immunology</i>, I felt I couldn't refuse to contribute to Volume 43 of the journal. Moreover, this was a good occasion to record my appreciation to all the lab members and collaborators for their contributions over the last 40 years, to remember the exciting times, and to reflect on the obstacles we faced. I often reflect on this line that is commonly attributed to Winston Churchill: Success is not final; failure is not fatal: It is the courage to continue that counts. What kept me going was a burning desire to know how things work and find enjoyment in the discovery. This passion to understand immune responses to infection remains with me to this day. I thank all those I have interacted with for the support and friendship they provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143963055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using the Key Characteristics Framework to Unlock the Mysteries of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Effects on the Immune System. 利用关键特征框架解开芳基烃受体介导免疫系统作用的奥秘。
IF 39.8 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-083122-040107
Courtney E W Sulentic, Barbara L F Kaplan, B Paige Lawrence
{"title":"Using the Key Characteristics Framework to Unlock the Mysteries of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Effects on the Immune System.","authors":"Courtney E W Sulentic, Barbara L F Kaplan, B Paige Lawrence","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-083122-040107","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-083122-040107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Initially discovered for its role mediating the deleterious effects of environmental contaminants, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is now known to be a crucial regulator of the immune system. The expanding list of AHR ligands includes synthetic and naturally derived molecules spanning pollutants, phytochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and substances derived from amino acids and microorganisms. The consequences of engaging AHR vary, depending on factors such as the AHR ligand, cell type, immune challenge, developmental state, dose, and timing of exposure relative to the immune stimulus. This review frames this complexity using the recently identified key characteristics of agents that affect immune system function (altered cell signaling, proliferation, differentiation, effector function, communication, trafficking, death, antigen presentation and processing, and tolerance). The use of these key characteristics provides a scaffold for continued discovery of how AHR and its myriad ligands influence the immune system, which will help harness the power of this enigmatic receptor to prevent or treat disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"191-218"},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12817311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decoding Immunobiology Through Genetic Errors of Immunity. 通过免疫基因错误解码免疫生物学。
IF 33.3 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-124920
Mackenzie J Bender, Carrie L Lucas
{"title":"Decoding Immunobiology Through Genetic Errors of Immunity.","authors":"Mackenzie J Bender, Carrie L Lucas","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-124920","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-082323-124920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Throughout biology, the pursuit of genotype-phenotype relationships has provided foundational knowledge upon which new concepts and hypotheses are built. Genetic perturbation, whether occurring naturally or in experimental settings, is the mainstay of mechanistic dissection in biological systems. The unbiased discovery of causal genetic lesions via forward genetics in patients who have a rare disease elucidates a particularly impactful set of genotype-phenotype relationships. Here, we review the field of genetic errors of immunity, often termed inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), in a framework aimed at highlighting the powerful real-world immunology insights provided collectively and individually by these (approximately) 500 disorders. By conceptualizing essential immune functions in a model of the adaptive arsenal of rapid defenses, we organize IEIs based on immune circuits in which sensors, relays, and executioners cooperate to carry out pathogen clearance functions in an effective yet regulated manner. We review and discuss findings from IEIs that not only reinforce known immunology concepts but also offer surprising phenotypes, prompting an opportunity to refine our understanding of immune system function.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":" ","pages":"285-311"},"PeriodicalIF":33.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12422060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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