Intraepithelial Lymphocytes of the Intestine.

IF 26.9 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-14 DOI:10.1146/annurev-immunol-090222-100246
Ainsley Lockhart, Daniel Mucida, Angelina M Bilate
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The intestinal epithelium, which segregates the highly stimulatory lumen from the underlying tissue, harbors one of the largest lymphocyte populations in the body, intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). IELs must balance tolerance, resistance, and tissue protection to maintain epithelial homeostasis and barrier integrity. This review discusses the ontogeny, environmental imprinting, T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and function of intestinal IELs. Despite distinct developmental pathways, IEL subsets share core traits including an epithelium-adapted profile, innate-like properties, cytotoxic potential, and limited TCR diversity. IELs also receive important developmental and functional cues through interactions with epithelial cells, microbiota, and dietary components. The restricted TCR diversity of IELs suggests that a limited set of intestinal antigens drives IEL responses, with potential functional consequences. Finally, IELs play a key role in promoting homeostatic immunity and epithelial barrier integrity but can become pathogenic upon dysregulation. Therefore, IELs represent intriguing but underexamined therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases and cancer.

肠上皮内淋巴细胞
肠上皮细胞将高度刺激性的肠腔与下层组织隔离开来,它是人体内最大的淋巴细胞群之一,即肠上皮内淋巴细胞(IELs)。IELs 必须在耐受性、抵抗力和组织保护之间取得平衡,以维持上皮细胞的平衡和屏障的完整性。这篇综述讨论了肠道 IEL 的本体发育、环境印记、T 细胞受体(TCR)谱系和功能。尽管发育途径各不相同,但肠道 IEL 亚群具有共同的核心特征,包括上皮适应特征、先天类特性、细胞毒性潜力和有限的 TCR 多样性。IEL 还通过与上皮细胞、微生物群和饮食成分的相互作用获得重要的发育和功能线索。IELs 的 TCR 多样性受到限制,这表明只有有限的肠道抗原能驱动 IEL 反应,从而产生潜在的功能性后果。最后,IELs 在促进平衡免疫和上皮屏障完整性方面发挥着关键作用,但一旦失调就会成为致病因子。因此,IELs 是治疗炎症性疾病和癌症的令人感兴趣但尚未得到充分研究的靶点。免疫学年刊》第 42 卷的最终在线出版日期预计为 2024 年 4 月。修订后的预计日期请参见 http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Annual review of immunology
Annual review of immunology 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
57.20
自引率
0.70%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Immunology, in publication since 1983, focuses on basic immune mechanisms and molecular basis of immune diseases in humans. Topics include innate and adaptive immunity; immune cell development and differentiation; immune control of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites) and cancer; and human immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. The current volume of this journal has been converted from gated to open access through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program, with all articles published under a CC BY license.
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