Aquaculture International最新文献

{"title":"Geospatial assessment of site suitability for seaweed cultivation in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands","authors":"Dilip Kumar Jha,&nbsp;M. Savurirajan,&nbsp;Y. Aron Santhosh Kumar,&nbsp;R. Karuna Kumari,&nbsp;D. Shyamla Varthini,&nbsp;N. V. Vinithkumar,&nbsp;G. Dharani,&nbsp;Balaji Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02214-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02214-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geographic Information System (GIS) tools were used to analyze key environmental factors for seaweed cultivation, converting them into thematic layers. The study highlights the ample scope for seaweed farming in the Andaman and Nicobar (A&amp;N) Islands, particularly in its enclosed bays. Of the 600,000 km² within India’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) around the A&amp;N Islands, approximately 122,854 km² within the 1–50 m depth contour was assessed. The analysis identified 68,659 km² as appropriate for seaweed farming, with 5,363 km² classified as highly suitable and 63,296 km² as suitable. Commercially valuable seaweed species, such as <i>Gracilaria</i> spp., can be cultivated without disrupting the region’s natural ecosystem. This model also identifies areas that should be avoided, including coral reefs, natural seaweed habitats, national parks, sanctuaries, seagrass beds, and navigation routes. The present work also highlighted the comparison of different seaweed cultivation techniques in the A&amp;N coastal waters. This study utilises a GIS-based multi-criteria approach to integrate key spatial datasets at the macro-level, generating a reliable, simple and useful model output for delineating the potential seaweed farming zones in the A&amp;N Islands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal variability of greenhouse gas fluxes in monoculture of tilapia in ponds","authors":"Yi–Jung Chen,&nbsp;Han–Yang Yeh,&nbsp;Chien-Wei Tu,&nbsp;Yu-Ru Lin,&nbsp;Zhen Hao Liao,&nbsp;Wen-Chen Chou,&nbsp;Hsiao-Chun Tseng,&nbsp;Ruei-Feng Shiu,&nbsp;Tzu-Ning Teng,&nbsp;Meng–Chou Lee,&nbsp;Fan–Hua Nan","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02223-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02223-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aquaculture is a vital industry that provides high-quality nutrition for humans. In 2022, global aquaculture production surpassed that of capture fisheries for the first time, ensuring stable food supplies and promoting sustainable ecological development. However, intensive aquaculture is a notable source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with many of its emission mechanisms still not fully understood. Tilapia is a key aquaculture species known for its rapid growth, environmental adaptability, high reproductive rate, and tolerance to salinity. This study monitored three brackish water tilapia farming ponds in Xuejia District, Tainan, Taiwan, throughout 2023, measuring the fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and related environmental parameters monthly during both the non-culture and culture periods. The ponds functioned as minor carbon sinks during the early and late culture periods but became net carbon sources during the main culture period. The average fluxes measured were 1555.59 ± 2349.40 mg m⁻² day⁻¹ for CO₂, 3.38 ± 3.36 mg m⁻² day⁻¹ for CH₄, and 0.68 ± 0.39 mg m⁻² day⁻¹ for N₂O, all calculated based on GWP₁₀₀, all acting as sources to the atmosphere. When transfer to CO₂ equivalent, CO₂ was the dominant emission gas, contributing approximately 78% of total emissions, followed by CH₄ (13%) and N₂O (9%). The greenhouse gas fluxes showed significant temporal variation, likely driven by microbial and phytoplankton activity influenced by environmental factors such as water temperature, alkalinity, nitrite, and ammonia nitrogen concentrations. This study highlights that tilapia culture can elevate GHG emissions, underscoring the need for improved management strategies to mitigate environmental impacts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin mucosal immunity characteristics across populations and sexes in the endangered Brachymystax tsinlingensisLi 1966","authors":"Zhuo Liu,&nbsp;Zhen-lu Wang,&nbsp;Xing-chen Guo,&nbsp;Peng Liu,&nbsp;Yi-zhou Wang,&nbsp;Jun-yi Li,&nbsp;Jiang-feng Chen,&nbsp;Yu Li,&nbsp;Hai-bo Jiang,&nbsp;Huan Ye,&nbsp;Jian Shao","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02191-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02191-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study compared the natural population (NP) and the second filial generation (SFGP) of <i>Brachymystax tsinlingensis</i> to evaluate differences in their immune and skin mucus characteristics. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure key markers of inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6), immunity (IgM, LZM), and antioxidant capacity (CAT, SOD), thereby investigating the immunological properties of skin mucus across populations and between sexes. The results showed that the NP had significantly higher levels of LZM and IL-6 in their skin mucus, whereas the SFGP exhibited higher levels of IL-1β, CAT, and SOD. Differences in IgM levels were also observed between the two populations. In both groups, females exhibited higher concentrations of these immune indicators in their skin mucus compared to males. These findings suggest that the NP and SFGP of <i>Brachymystax tsinlingensis</i> differ in their mucosal anti-inflammatory, immunological, and antioxidant capacities. Notably, SFGP displayed significantly greater antioxidant activity than the NP [CAT: <i>P</i> = 0.042 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05); SOD: <i>P</i> = 0.001 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001)]. Furthermore, females exhibited stronger mucosal immune, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory responses than males. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of skin mucus immunity in <i>Brachymystax tsinlingensis</i>, offering insights to support conservation strategies and improve artificial reproduction efforts for this endangered species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histidine as a key nutrient for enhancing reproductive performance and larval survival in marine fish: a mechanistic review","authors":"Lizbeth Y. Macías-Reyes,&nbsp;Minerva C. Maldonado-García,&nbsp;Milton Spanopoulos-Zarco,&nbsp;Dariel Tovar-Ramírez,&nbsp;Alexia Omont,&nbsp;Deneb Maldonado-García","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02185-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02185-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The early larval stage in marine fish is characterized by high mortality rates, principally due to heightened sensitivity to environmental and nutritional factors that impair adaptive capacity. Broodstock nutritional condition stands as a pivotal factor influencing larval survival, with histidine identified as a key nutrient that substantially enhances reproductive performance in marine species. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the mechanisms by which dietary histidine improves reproductive outcomes and offspring viability. Histidine plays a dynamic and multifunctional role throughout reproduction. Initially, it facilitates the mobilization of muscle reserves to meet increased metabolic demands, supporting energy production, pH regulation, and antioxidant defense during gonadal development. As maturation progresses, histidine actively contributes to ovarian maturation by participating in vitellogenin synthesis and osmolyte regulation for oocyte hydration, while providing antioxidant protection against oxidative stress during gametogenesis. In males, histidine enhances sperm motility and function through its dual role as an energy substrate and antioxidant. Although evidence suggests histidine content in eggs influences embryonic viability, further research is needed to elucidate these mechanisms. Dietary histidine supplementation in broodstock has been shown to significantly improve fertility, gonadal quality, and larval survival, underscoring its potential as a functional aquafeed additive. Juvenile studies further demonstrate histidine’s beneficial effects on health and stress resilience at appropriate inclusion levels. These findings collectively highlight histidine as a strategic dietary component that supports the reproductive continuum from muscle reserve mobilization to embryonic development, ultimately enhancing reproductive success and sustainability in marine fish aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoplankton dynamics in aquaculture ponds in China: roles of nutrient loading, weather-related parameters, and management practices","authors":"Ke Rao,&nbsp;Chang Wu,&nbsp;Lu Yang,&nbsp;Minghao Sun,&nbsp;Liang Guo,&nbsp;Dan Wu,&nbsp;Xia Cao,&nbsp;Jing Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02218-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02218-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To evaluate phytoplankton’s indicative value for water quality parameters (including total suspended substances, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and pH) under China's aquaculture discharge standards and analyze interactions of nutrients, weather-related parameters, and management practices on phytoplankton, this study conducted an annual survey of water quality and phytoplankton dynamics in ponds stocked with four fish groups: omnivorous crucian carp (<i>Carassius carassius</i>), carnivorous mandarin fish (<i>Siniperca chuatsi</i>), herbivorous grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>), and a hybrid fish (<i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i> × <i>Culter Alburnus</i>), along with their water source. Results revealed that fish species significantly affected water quality and phytoplankton abundance in ponds. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on Bray–Curtis similarity classified the phytoplankton communities into three groups: 1. a Cyanobacteria-dominated group, 2. a group with higher phytoplankton diversity, and 3. a Bacillariophyta- and Euglenophyta-dominated group. Compared to α-diversity, the phytoplankton abundance, biomass, and community shifts were more closely associated with water quality, highlighting their value as water quality indicators. Classification and Regression Tree identified total phosphorus (TP) and wind speeds as the predominant factors affecting the phytoplankton community shifts and biomass, respectively. Cyanobacteria domination and high phytoplankton biomass were more likely under low wind speed and high TP. Conditional plot demonstrated that the positive TP-phytoplankton biomass relationship increased with temperature and wind speed within a specific range, differing from natural waters. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) indicated that fish species and feed application directly affected nitrogen and phosphorus levels, indirectly influencing phytoplankton through these nutrients. Our results highlighted the indicative value of phytoplankton community shifts and importance of reducing phosphorus input from feed to regulate the phytoplankton community. Our study can be applied to evaluate and regulate the water quality by the phytoplankton community in fish ponds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute toxicity and hematological effects of a silver nanoparticle–Terminalia catappa nanocomposite in juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)","authors":"Juliana Oliveira Meneses,&nbsp;Fernanda dos Santos Cunha,&nbsp;Joel Artur Rodrigues Dias,&nbsp;Natalino da Costa Sousa,&nbsp;Márcia Valéria Silva do Couto,&nbsp;Higo Andrade Abe,&nbsp;Ana Flávia Santos da Cunha,&nbsp;Juliana Cordeiro Cardoso,&nbsp;Luiz Pereira da Costa,&nbsp;Lumar Lucena Alves,&nbsp;Peterson Emmanuel Guimarães Paixão,&nbsp;Rodrigo Yudi Fujimoto","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02211-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02211-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanoparticles have been applied across various sectors of industry and agriculture. However, concerns regarding environmental contamination and toxicity to target and non-target organisms are increasing. The combination of plant extracts with nanoparticles may enhance their intended effects while reducing overall toxicity. Despite this potential, no studies have evaluated the toxicity of a nanocomposite based on plant extract and silver nanoparticles (Ag Np) on the survival and hematological parameters of tambaqui (<i>Colossoma macropomum</i>). This study assessed the acute toxicity and hematological effects of a nanocomposite based on <i>Terminalia catappa</i> extract and Ag Np in tambaqui. Fish (3–5 g) were exposed to five concentrations of the nanocomposite (0.11, 0.22, 0.45, 0.87, and 1.73 mgL⁻¹) in triplicate for 96 h. Moribund fish during exposure period and all survivors at the end of the experiment were subjected to hematological analysis. Mortality data were used to estimate the lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) via the parametric probit method. Hematological data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The nanocomposite exhibited an LC₅₀ of 0.61 mgL⁻¹, classifying it as a highly toxic for tambaqui. All fish exposed to 1.73 mgL⁻¹ died within 2 h. Increases in glucose, plasma proteins, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, MCHC, and additionally, lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia, and monocytosis were observed at 0.87 mgL⁻¹, reflecting a stress and acute respiratory toxicity. However, at lower concentrations (&lt; 0.45 mgL⁻¹) no alterations were observed in hematological and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, the nanocomposite induces hematological alterations consistent with acute stress in high concentrations, nonetheless 0.45 mgL⁻¹ is a critical threshold for fish survival.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathophysiological impact of Euclinostomum heterostomum infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): a multidisciplinary investigation revealing immune-oxidative stress interactions","authors":"Mohsen A. Khormi,&nbsp;Walaa F. A. Emeish,&nbsp;Abdullah A. A. Alghamdi,&nbsp;Marwa M. Fawaz,&nbsp;Zeinab Al-Amgad,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdelsalam,&nbsp;Wafa Abdullah I. Al-Megrin,&nbsp;Karima A. Bakry","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02205-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02205-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Euclinostomum heterostomum</i>, a digenetic trematode, represents an emerging threat to tilapia aquaculture, yet its immunological impacts remain inadequately characterized. This comprehensive study employed an integrated approach combining morphological, molecular, biochemical, and histopathological analyses to elucidate the pathophysiological consequences of natural <i>E. heterostomum</i> infection in Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>). Metacercariae were isolated from kidney tissue of farmed tilapia with 18% prevalence (<i>n</i> = 100), and species identity was confirmed through morphological examination and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing (100% identity with GenBank reference sequences). Biochemical profiling revealed significant (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) disruption of protein metabolism, with infected fish showing decreased total protein (3.05 ± 0.08 vs 5.28 ± 0.13 g/dL), albumin (0.75 ± 0.05 vs 2 ± 0.06 g/dL), and globulin (2.3 ± 0.1 vs 3.3 ± 0.16 g/dL) compared to controls. Hepatic dysfunction was evidenced by elevated ALT (46.7 ± 1.5 vs 14.41 ± 0.62 U/mL) and AST (90.01 ± 3.2 vs 30.24 ± 1.5 U/mL), while renal impairment manifested as increased creatinine (1.33 ± 0.07 vs 0.51 ± 0.03 mg/dL) and uric acid (53.2 ± 1.5 vs 30.88 ± 1.31 mg/L). Oxidative stress was indicated by elevated MDA levels (17.7 ± 0.24 vs 12.15 ± 0.28 nmol/mL). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed significant immune activation with upregulation of <i>TNFα</i> (5.4-fold), <i>IL-1β</i> (7.4-fold), and <i>MHC-IIα</i> (8.8-fold), contrasting with downregulation of antioxidant enzymes <i>SOD2</i> (0.09-fold) and <i>Cat</i> (0.1-fold). These molecular alterations underscore the host’s immune activation alongside oxidative stress burden, highlighting the complex pathophysiological interplay associated with <i>E. heterostomum</i> infection in Nile tilapia. Histopathological examination demonstrated severe renal alterations including glomerular atrophy, tubular necrosis, and extensive fibrosis surrounding encysted metacercariae. These findings provide crucial insights into host-parasite interactions and establish baseline data for developing targeted therapeutic interventions and management strategies for <i>E. heterostomum</i> infections in aquaculture systems.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of fishmeal replacement with insect meals (Hermetia illucens and Acheta domesticus) on growth performance, digestibility, digestive enzyme activity, and fatty acid profile of juvenile Totoaba macdonaldi","authors":"Karen Elyne Carvajal-Soriano,&nbsp;Juan Pablo Lazo Corvera","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02196-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02196-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The search for alternative ingredients to fishmeal is crucial in the feed industry, with insect meals emerging as a promising alternative. This study evaluated the effects of replacing fishmeal with black soldier fly (BSF, <i>Hermetia illucens</i>) and domestic cricket (CKT, <i>Acheta domesticus</i>) meals in juvenile <i>Totoaba macdonaldi</i> diets. Four isonitrogenous (48%) and isolipidic (15%) diets were formulated with 25% or 50% fishmeal replacement (BSF25, BSF50, CKT25, CKT50), plus a control diet without insect meal. A total of 120 totoabas (112 ± 15 g) were randomly distributed into 15 tanks (250 L) in a recirculating system and fed to apparent satiation for 64 days. At the end of the trial, no significant differences were found in final weight, weight gain, or specific growth rate (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). However, fish fed CKT25 had a significantly poorer feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio. Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter were significantly lower for fish fed the CKT50 (71.7 ± 2.6%) compared to the control (82.4 ± 0.4%). Fish muscle from fish fed the insect meals diets had higher n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs), while eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), n-3 PUFAs, and total long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFAs) which remained unaffected by dietary treatment. No significant differences among treatments were observed in digestive enzyme activity. These results suggest that BSF meal can replace up to 50% of fishmeal in totoaba diets without adverse effects on growth, digestibility, or muscle composition, reducing dependence on marine protein sources. However, CKT meals may negatively impact fish performance and digestibility. Further research is needed on specific nutrient digestion, lipid metabolism, and amino acid availability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme-treated soybean protein concentrate is a highly effective plant protein for larval largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Jiajie Tao,&nbsp;Zhenjie Wang,&nbsp;Ye Gong,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Runwei Miao,&nbsp;Xiangzhong He,&nbsp;Xuxiong Huang,&nbsp;Shengchao Liu,&nbsp;Naisong Chen,&nbsp;Songlin Li","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02204-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02204-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The enzyme-treated protein ingredients have been well documented to benefit the growth and development of fish larvae. To reduce fishmeal dependence in carnivorous fish larvae, enzyme-treated soybean protein concentrate (ESPC) was used to gradually replace enzyme-treated white fishmeal (EWFM) at inclusion levels of 0 (ESCP0), 5% (ESPC5), 10% (ESPC10), 15% (ESPC15) and 20% (ESPC20). The experimental diets were fed to triplicate groups of largemouth bass (initial weight 13.70 ± 0.01 mg) four times daily for 4 weeks. The results showed that replacing EWFM with ESPC had no significant difference in survival rate (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05), but linearly increased the growth performance (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The activities of trypsin, amylase and lipase in the intestine and liver were found to be significantly elevated in varying degrees with dietary ESPC addition (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, dietary ESPC inclusion possibly activated the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway and inhibited the amino acid response (AAR) pathway in muscle, as evidenced by elevated expression of <i>pept2</i>, <i>tor</i> and <i>s6</i>, and decreased expression of <i>eif2α</i>, <i>atf4</i> and <i>redd1</i>, respectively (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In addition, the expression of autophagy lysosomal pathway related genes (<i>atg5</i>, <i>uvrag</i>, <i>sqstm</i>, <i>mul1a</i>, <i>bnip3la</i> and <i>bnip3b</i>) was suppressed in varying degrees with dietary ESPC addition (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In summary, appropriate replacement of EWFM with ESPC could improve the growth performance of largemouth bass larvae through increasing digestive enzyme activities, activating protein anabolism and inhibiting protein catabolism, and dietary ESPC use could reduce EWFM content from 60 to 45%.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taurine supplementation improves the resistance of Crassostrea gigas larvae against Vibrio splendidus invasion","authors":"Wentong Hao,&nbsp;Hanwen Liu,&nbsp;Ning Kong,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Junyan Zhao,&nbsp;Lingling Wang,&nbsp;Linsheng Song","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02197-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02197-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the past decade, high larval mortality due to pathogenic bacterial infections has severely constrained the oyster industry in China. It is crucial for seeking an immunopotentiator to improve the larval resistance and address the high mortality. This study investigated taurine as a potent immunopotentiator to enhance the growth performance and immune capability in <i>Crassostrea gigas</i> larvae. On the 10th day after the treatment of 10⁻⁷ mol/L taurine, the shell height and shell length of larvae were 1.11- and 1.09-fold of those in the control group (273.17 μm, 255.78 μm). The taurine-treated larvae showed a higher survival rate (85.33%) against <i>Vibrio splendidus</i> compared to the control group (61.21%), as well as a 3.14-fold higher eyespot occurrence rate. After the taurine treatment, the mRNA expression of insulin-like peptide receptor (ILPR), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein (IGFBPRP), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), S6 kinase (S6K), and rhodopsin-like gene (CGI_10012534) significantly increased, which were 2.15-fold (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), 1.72-fold (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), 2.25-fold (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), 2.55-fold (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), 1.67-fold (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), 3.38-fold (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and 29.05-fold (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) of those in the control group, respectively. And the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) also significantly increased compared to the control group. These results suggest that taurine treatment improves the larval resistance by activating the insulin/MAPK-mTOR and the antioxidant pathways, which provides an effective and eco-friendly solution to hatchery success of oyster.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}