Aquaculture International最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of duckweed paste as a multifunctional organic binder in fish feed formulation","authors":"Mutum Deepti,&nbsp;Vaneet Inder Kaur,&nbsp;Meera D. Ansal,&nbsp;Jaspal Singh Hundal,&nbsp;Sasmita Barik,&nbsp;Anuj Tyagi","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01897-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01897-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explored the efficacy of two potential duckweed species (<i>Spirodela polyrhiza</i> and <i>Lemna minor</i>) as organic binders in fish feed as compared to traditional binders. Nine feeds including three control feeds—without binder (WB), cane molasses at 5% w/w (M5), and corn starch at 5% w/w (CS5)—and six experimental feeds—<i>Spirodela</i> paste feeds at 5% w/w (DWS5), 10% w/w (DWS10), and 15% w/w (DWS15) and <i>Lemna</i> paste feeds at 5% w/w (DWL5), 10% w/w (DWL10), and 15% w/w (DWL15)—were prepared and evaluated over a 360-day storage period in terms of water stability, sinking time, sinking time index, physical characteristics, nutritional composition, mineral content, microbial load, and spoilage. Duckweed-based feeds revealed significantly improved binding efficiency compared to control feeds. Notably, DWS15 appeared as most potent binder (followed by DWL15) with enhanced water stability (45.15–57.23%) and lower sinking time (2.14–2.44-fold) than WB, M5, and CS5, respectively. The feeds were found to be acceptable after overall evaluation of physical characteristics. Significantly higher crude protein content (27.77%) was recorded in DWS15, which was 11.44%, 8.99%, and 8.14% higher than CS5, M5, and WB, respectively. In contrast, the mineral content was significantly higher in DWL15. All duckweed binder feeds showed significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) reduction in microbial load, aflatoxin, free fatty acids, peroxide values, highlighting their antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Hence, the findings of the study revealed that duckweed paste of <i>S. polyrhiza</i> at 15% w/w followed by <i>L. minor</i> at 15% w/w served as cost-effective organic binders, offering substantial improvements in feed stability, protein content, and shelf life, making duckweed a valuable and sustainable alternative for enhancing fish feed quality and longevity.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of aqueous application of probiotics on growth, heavy metal accumulation, blood biochemistry, and histological alterations of Dicentrarcus labrax","authors":"Mohamed M. Abdel-Rahim,&nbsp;Shimaa A. Shahin,&nbsp;Abdallah Tageldein Mansour,&nbsp;Ahmed Saud Alsaqufi,&nbsp;Ahmed E. Elshafey,&nbsp;Amira A. Omar,&nbsp;Hassan A. El-Sharkawy,&nbsp;Radi A. Mohamed,&nbsp;Ashraf I. G. Elhetawy","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01900-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01900-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High saline groundwater is a potential source for expansion of inland mariculture, especially with increasing freshwater scarcity. This research evaluated the efficacy of using probiotics (EM®) as an aqueous water additive to groundwater on water quality, heavy metal (HM) removal, microbial load, growth performance, and physiological status of European seabass. Four treatments were applied in triplicate using an increasing dose of EM® in water: 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mL/L, expressed as EM₀, EM_0.2, EM_0.4, and EM_0.6, respectively. Seabass larvae (0.353 ± 0.002 g/fish) were housed in 1000-L-1 fiberglass tanks (625 fish/tanks) filled with 36 ppt saline groundwater and fed an experimental diet (45.33/14.65, CP/CF) at 10% of their body weight for 60 days. The results showed that the administration of EM® significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) improved water quality by reducing total ammonia nitrogen and NH₃ levels as well as increased dissolved oxygen in a dose-dependent manner. Growth indices and feed utilization efficiency were improved in groups reared in EM® treated water. The addition of EM® resulted in a significant decrease (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) of HM in culture water, accumulation in muscle and liver of seabass, along with reduction of serum cortisol level. Furthermore, fish in the EM®-treated groups showed a significant improvement in plasma antioxidants (total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and immune markers (immunoglobulin, lysozyme) with healthier liver and intestines histological structural compared to the control group. In summary, adding EM® at levels of 0.2–0.4 mL/L can improve saline groundwater criteria, control pathogens and lessen HM accumulation, and improve fish performance and health status.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Effect of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) on growth, antioxidation, immune modulation, and intestinal health of crucian carp (Carassius auratus)","authors":"Liyan Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Tang,&nbsp;Junyi Lu,&nbsp;Guihong He,&nbsp;Juan Xia,&nbsp;Yanhong Li,&nbsp;Zhengli Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01908-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01908-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Growth and iota‑carrageenan from the red seaweed Solieria filiformis (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae) cultivated in the Ceara State coast, Brazil","authors":"Ticiana de Brito Lima Holanda,&nbsp;Érika Façanha Bessa,&nbsp;Francisco Ewerton de Sousa Lima,&nbsp;Francisco Lucas de Souza Lopes,&nbsp;Jéssica Roberta Pereira Martins,&nbsp;Norma Maria Barros Benevides,&nbsp;Márjory Lima Holanda Araújo","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01905-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01905-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does abiotic stress influence the white fecal disease incidence and its intensity in Penaeus vannamei shrimp farms?","authors":"K. Sai Susmitha Bhargavi,&nbsp;M. Kumaran,&nbsp;M. Muralidhar,&nbsp;C. Kumar,&nbsp;T. Sathish Kumar,&nbsp;T. Ravisankar,&nbsp;P. S. Ananthan","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01901-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01901-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shrimps are grown in an outdoor pond environment wherein both the abiotic and biotic factors influence each other constantly. A study conducted to validate the hypothesis (H_o) which presumes that rapid and extended changes in abiotic factors in an aquatic environment may not influence the manifestation of pathogens. The results show that vagaries in abiotic factors particularly temperature and salinity combined with high stocking density and smaller size shrimp in early grow-out phases significantly influenced the incidence and severity of white feces syndrome (WFS) disease in shrimp farms (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01 and <i>p</i> &lt; 0.08). Further, the multiple correspondence analyses done to understand the relationships among them have indicated that size of the shrimp and salinity of the rearing medium, respectively, had inverse and direct relationships with higher chances of WFS incidence and severity. Therefore, adaptations in the form of adopting pond carrying capacity-based stocking densities and increased pond water depth in the rearing system during weather changes might help in maintaining the optimum abiotic conditions which in turn minimize the disease incidence and its severity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-025-01901-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of baker’s yeast waste fermented rice bran as a nutritive feed component for silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)","authors":"Maryam Tahir,&nbsp;Noor Khan,&nbsp;Mahroze Fatima,&nbsp;Hafiz Abdullah Shakir,&nbsp;Ayesha Tanveer,&nbsp;Sheeza Bano,&nbsp;Saba Aftab,&nbsp;Rabia Haider,&nbsp;Simon John Davies","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01902-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01902-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fermenting rice bran with baker’s yeast waste introduces a cost-effective, eco-friendly method of valorizing these waste streams into high-value fish feed. This practice not only reduces environmental pollution but also addresses the challenge of sustainable aquaculture inputs. A study was designed to evaluate the impact of baker’s yeast waste (BYW)-fermented rice bran (FRB) on the growth performance, feed efficiency, impact on digestive and antioxidant enzymes, whole-body proximate composition, and hematological indices of silver carp (<i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i>) fingerlings. Rice bran was fermented with BYW for 20 days and then used in the fish feed at incremental inclusions. Five diets were formulated, including the control diet (0%), 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% FRB. The acclimatized fingerlings (<i>N</i> = 300; average initial weight, 5.65 ± 0.01 g) were distributed into five treatment groups (20 fish/triplicate) and fed at 3% body weight two times a day for 90 days. At the time of harvesting, the growth performance, feed efficiency, crude protein, crude ash, red blood cells, and hemoglobin of <i>H. molitrix</i> were significantly greater in the FRB20 group (20% FRB) than in the UFRB group (0% FRB), i.e., the control group, while no significant differences (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) were detected in white blood cells, hematocrit, or mean corpuscular hemoglobin among all treatments. Serum biochemical analysis revealed that the globulin and total protein levels were significantly elevated in the FRB20 group. The levels of digestive enzymes (protease and amylase) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) were increased significantly in the FRB20 group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and the lowest level of malondialdehyde was detected in the FRB10 group, while the level of lipase (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) did not significantly differ among the treatments. These findings indicate that the inclusion of 20% fermented rice bran enhanced the growth performance and overall performance of fish. Therefore, the addition of 20% fermented rice bran (FRB) to the diet can effectively improve the health of <i>H. molitrix</i> fingerlings. However, further research should be conducted to investigate the long-term effects of FRB on fish growth, health, and evaluate its economic feasibility as its utilization in long term might have negative effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of different vitamin C delivery systems (liposomal and nano-liposomal) on growth, immunity, antioxidant defense, gut health, and digestive function in grey mullet (Liza ramada)","authors":"Mohammed F. El Basuini,&nbsp;Ebtehal Saeed Elnagar,&nbsp;Abdelaziz M. El-Hais,&nbsp;Ali A. Soliman,&nbsp;Islam I. Teiba,&nbsp;Mahmoud Kamel Bakry,&nbsp;Mahmoud S. Gewaily,&nbsp;Mayada Alhoshy,&nbsp;Akram Ismael Shehata","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01882-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01882-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the effects of different forms of dietary vitamin C on growth performance, immune responses, antioxidant defense, and physiological health of grey mullet (<i>Liza ramada</i>, mean initial weight 40.32 ± 0.15 g, <i>n</i> = 3) over a 60-day feeding trial. Five experimental diets were formulated: a control diet devoid of vitamin C (D1) and diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg of crystalline vitamin C (L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate, L-AMP; D2), liposomal vitamin C (D3), nano-liposomal vitamin C (D4), or a 1:1 mixture of liposomal and nano-liposomal vitamin C (D5). Fish fed D4 exhibited the highest growth performance, with significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) greater final body weight, specific growth rate, and better feed conversion ratio compared to other groups. Digestive enzyme activities were markedly enhanced in all vitamin C-treated groups, with D4 showing the highest amylase, lipase, and protease activities. The abundance of pathogenic bacteria decreased while acid-fermentative bacteria increased in the intestinal microbiota of vitamin C-supplemented groups, particularly in D4. Blood biochemical analysis revealed elevated total protein and globulin levels, reduced glucose and cortisol concentrations, and improved lipid metabolism in D3, D4, and D5. Immune parameters, including lysozyme activity and respiratory burst (NBT), were significantly higher in D4 and D5 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities increased, while malondialdehyde levels decreased in D4 and D5. These findings demonstrate that nano-liposomal vitamin C and its mixture with liposomal vitamin C confer significant benefits to growth, immune function, antioxidant defenses, and overall physiological health, highlighting their potential as effective dietary supplements in aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-025-01882-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of benzo(a)pyrene-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using N-acetylcysteine-loaded starch nanoparticles in porous alginate beads through the CYP1A/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway","authors":"Mohamed Abomosallam,&nbsp;Ahmed Ateya,&nbsp;Amany M. Shosha,&nbsp;Rasha Refaat,&nbsp;Heba N. Gad EL-Hak","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01884-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01884-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a widespread polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, poses severe risks to terrestrial and aquatic organisms through oxidative damage and necroptosis in vital organs. This study explored the hepatotoxic effects of BaP in Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) and evaluated the protective potential of N-acetylcysteine-loaded starch nanoparticles encapsulated in porous alginate beads (NAC-SNPs/pALG). NAC-SNPs/pALG were characterized, and drug entrapment efficiency was measured. Six experimental groups (<i>n</i> = 24 each) were established: control, solvent control, vehicle (blank SNPs/pALG), BaP-exposed (50 μg/L), NAC-treated, and NAC-SNPs/pALG-treated groups, with NAC administered at 200 mg/kg fish diet for 4 weeks. BaP exposure significantly impaired growth performance; increased liver transaminases, oxidative stress biomarkers, cortisol, and proinflammatory cytokines; and elevated mRNA expression of CYP1A, caspase3, and BAX. Histopathological analysis revealed severe damage in hepatic, branchial, and intestinal tissues. NAC-SNPs/pALG co-treatment effectively mitigated these effects by improving growth indices, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, suppressing cortisol and inflammatory markers, and upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. These findings underscore the enhanced bioavailability and therapeutic potential of NAC-SNPs/pALG as a protective strategy against BaP-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in aquatic organisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-025-01884-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and optimization of a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for live feed production in aquaculture: a case study using Daphnia magna","authors":"C. P. Sreevidya,&nbsp;Ajitha V,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar T.M,&nbsp;Anjaly M.A,&nbsp;Alphy T. Aliyas,&nbsp;Manomi Sarasan,&nbsp;Shibin S.P,&nbsp;I. S. Bright Singh,&nbsp;Jayesh Puthumana","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01893-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01893-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rapid growth in aquaculture necessitates sustainable live feed production, particularly addressing the nutritional needs of fish larvae. Among live feed sources, the freshwater cladoceran <i>Daphnia magna</i> is indispensable due to its superior nutritional quality. However, traditional static culture systems suffer from deteriorating water quality, waste accumulation, and low reproductive efficiency. This study optimized a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) tailored for <i>D. magna</i> cultivation, considering its sensitivity to environmental fluctuations. The designed RAS incorporates efficient water circulation, biofiltration, and controlled environmental parameters to enhance culture stability and productivity. The effectiveness of RAS was assessed relative to a static system with 50% water exchange (SSWE), based on fecundity, ephippia production, mortality, and stress responses. <i>D. magna</i> cultured in RAS exhibited higher fecundity rates (25 ± 2 embryo per female) and lower mortality (5%) compared to SSWEs (18 ± 1 embryo per female; 15% mortality). RAS maintained superior water quality throughout the study, with stable pH, low ammonia levels, and optimal oxygenation. Furthermore, gene expression analysis of stress-related genes (<i>hsp70</i> and <i>hsp90</i>) indicated no significant physiological stress under RAS conditions, confirming its environmental stability. Additionally, M-ADaM proved to be the most effective rearing medium for <i>D. magna</i>, minimizing mortality. These findings provide a scalable approach to enhance live feed production for aquaculture while promoting sustainability and environmental responsibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish oil replacement with linseed oil affects growth, tissue fatty acid composition, blood chemistry, and antioxidant biomarkers in rohu, Labeo rohita","authors":"Muhammad Asghar,&nbsp;Noor Khan,&nbsp;Mahroze Fatima,&nbsp;Seyda Tacer-Tanas,&nbsp;Simon John Davies,&nbsp;Naveed ul Haque,&nbsp;Ayesha Tanveer,&nbsp;Murat Arslan","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01888-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01888-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of replacing fish oil (FO) with linseed oil (LnO) in rohu, <i>Labeo rohita</i> (initial weight 19.1 ± 0.1 g), diets was evaluated in a 90-day feeding trial. Five isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isolipidic (11% crude lipid) diets were prepared by substitution of FO (7% FO in the control) with LnO (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). Responses of the fish were tested in triplicate for each diet. Partial replacements up to 75% did not cause any significant change in growth performance and feed efficiency. However, total replacement of FO significantly reduced growth performance and feed utilization (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Survival, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and viscerosomatic index (VSI) as well as whole-body proximate composition were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. The ratio of alpha linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) increased in the muscle and liver with the increasing level of dietary LnO, while the percentage levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) decreased. However, EPA and DHA were in considerable level (3.3 and 18.6%, respectively) in muscle even when fed diet with 100% LnO. Hematological parameters such as red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) were not influenced by dietary treatments, averaging 2.2 × 10⁶ U/L, 7.6 g/L, and 27.8%, respectively. On the other hand, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activity in serum were significantly elevated with the LnO inclusion levels (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), reaching the highest levels (33.0 and 310.7 U/L, respectively) when LnO totally replaced FO. Cholesterol (CHOL), triacylglycerol (TG), high-density lipid (HDL), and low-density lipid (LDL) levels were significantly enhanced (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) compared to the control. Cortisol (CORT) and glucose (GLU) were not significantly changed, averaging 1.5 nmol/mL and 20.8 g/dL, respectively. In the liver and serum, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly reduced, while malondialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly increased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) with the dietary LnO inclusion. Our results indicate that FO can be substituted with LnO up to 75% in practical diet formulations for rohu without any considerable negative effect, which will substantially decrease the dependency on dietary FO.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}