Aquaculture International最新文献

{"title":"Effect of organic fertilization on the occurrence of Nodularia spumigena blooms in Penaeus vannamei shrimp ponds under a biofloc system","authors":"Julio Cesar Zemor,&nbsp;Andrezza Carvalho,&nbsp;Luiza Dy Fonseca Costa,&nbsp;Victor Brian Lopes Magalhães,&nbsp;Geraldo Fóes,&nbsp;Wilson Wasielesky,&nbsp;Luis H. Poersch","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02668-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02668-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Blooms of potentially toxic cyanobacteria cause high losses in aquaculture worldwide. The species <i>Nodularia spumigena</i> produces toxin capable of significantly affecting feeding, growth rates, and mortality of shrimp in marine farms. As a result, methods for controlling cyanobacterial blooms can increase the production success. The present study was conducted on a commercial scale using six 600 m³ ponds stocked with 70 shrimp m⁻² (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>), in a biofloc system, lasting 15 weeks. The experimental groups were divided into unaffected ponds (WN—without <i>Nodularia</i>) and affected ponds (N—with <i>Nodularia</i>), with three replicates ponds per experimental group. Cyanobacterial blooms developed spontaneously in the ponds, and treatments were subsequently designated according to bloom occurrence. During the third week, when the blooms intensified, organic fertilizers consisting of sugarcane molasses and ground commercial feed were added as carbon and nitrogen sources, with the aim of stimulating the establishment of beneficial microbial communities while limiting cyanobacterial proliferation. The water quality parameters were similar between unaffected and affected ponds (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The microbial community composition was significantly different over time in both grops (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), with the final predominance of chlorophytes. After fertilization, <i>N. spumigena</i> was absent in the affected group (N). The presence of NOD toxin in <i>N. spumigena</i> (66.37 ± 20.87 µg L⁻¹) in the second week affected the feed intake of the shrimp and caused mortalities in affected group. However, <i>N. spumigena</i> and the toxin (NOD) was not detected again in the NS group after organic fertilization and the shrimps recovered. The performance results showed significant differences (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) with higher survival and yield in the unaffected group (WN). Therefore, organic fertilization influenced the occurrence and development of <i>Nodularia spumigena</i> blooms, emphasizing its potential role in the dynamics of cyanobacteria in biofloc shrimp farming and supporting further research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-026-02668-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversible effects of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) in behavior and cardiac activity in the Amazonian Flag Tetra Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus","authors":"Yure Jefferson da Cruz do Nascimento,&nbsp;Danilo Serrão Moutinho,&nbsp;Irina Sofia Cardoso de Carvalho,&nbsp;Erika Monteiro,&nbsp;Liane Rodrigues Galvão de Cristo,&nbsp;Lucas Raphael Silva Borges,&nbsp;Halisson Matheus Farias do Nascimento,&nbsp;Lílian Lund Amado,&nbsp;Moisés Hamoy","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02665-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02665-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) is one of the most widely used anesthetics in aquaculture management procedures and the ornamental fish trade; however, at excessive concentrations, it may induce undesirable physiological responses in fish. Thus, we evaluated the safety and reversibility of MS-222–induced anesthesia in the Amazonian flag tetra, <i>Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus</i>. Fish were subjected to immersion baths at concentrations of 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg·L⁻¹ for 5 min, followed by recovery in clean water. Behavioral effects and heart rate were assessed through electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings. Fish exhibited a longer latency to loss of postural reflex at 50 and 75 mg·L⁻¹ (180–200 s), in contrast to 100 and 125 mg·L⁻¹ (60–100 s). However, upon transfer to clean water, animals treated with 50 and 75 mg·L⁻¹ recovered the postural reflex rapidly (100–120 s), whereas recovery was slower at 125 mg·L⁻¹ (240–280 s). ECG tracings demonstrated a concentration-dependent reduction in heart rate, accompanied by increased duration of the R–R, P–Q, and S–T intervals, as well as the QRS complex. However, anesthesia did not alter the amplitude of the cardiac electrical impulse in the fish. After recovery, ECG components returned to baseline parameters similar to those of the control group, with no subsequent irregularities in cardiac rhythm. Therefore, it is concluded that the most effective concentrations of MS-222 for <i>H. heterorhabdus</i> range from 75 to 100 mg·L⁻¹, considering response time and amount of substance used, thereby providing a safe window for anesthetic induction in this species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-026-02665-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linkage map and single nucleotide polymorphism association with growth traits and flesh color in the oyster pompano (Trachinotus anak)","authors":"Sang Van Vu,&nbsp;Cedric Gondro,&nbsp;Anh Tran Ngoc Nguyen,&nbsp;Pasi Rastas,&nbsp;Nhat Hong Pham,&nbsp;Hai The Pham,&nbsp;Giang Truong Cao,&nbsp;Shantanu Kundu,&nbsp;Thuy Thi Thu Diep,&nbsp;Thu Thi Anh Nguyen,&nbsp;Quang Duc Tran,&nbsp;Ziqiang Han,&nbsp;Tiep Khac Nguyen,&nbsp;Tung Thanh Ta,&nbsp;Juergen Geist,&nbsp;Cuong Ngoc Duong,&nbsp;Hau Thi Khong,&nbsp;James Kijas,&nbsp;Anh Tuan Bui,&nbsp;Anh Thi Lan Le,&nbsp;Hien Van Doan,&nbsp;In Van Vu","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02653-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02653-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The oyster pompano (<i>Trachinotus anak</i>) is an emerging aquaculture species in Asia with limited genomic resources. This study constructed a SNP-based genetic linkage map and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify loci associated with growth and flesh color traits. A total of 42,667 SNP markers were generated from sequencing, of which 5360 high-quality SNPs were retained after stringent quality filtering for GWAS, while 21,356 SNPs were retained for linkage map construction. The linkage map comprised 24 linkage groups, providing a robust genomic framework for marker ordering and trait mapping. GWAS identified 105 SNPs significantly associated with body weight, along with additional SNPs linked to other growth traits, indicating a polygenic genetic architecture. In contrast, only limited associations were detected for flesh color traits. Annotation of genomic regions surrounding significant and suggestive SNPs identified ten candidate genes shared among growth traits, including <i>Neuroligin-4</i>, <i>MTFMT</i>, <i>Urah</i>, <i>AGRN</i>, <i>IL1RAP</i>, <i>col27a1b</i>, <i>CASKIN2</i>, <i>CYBA</i>, <i>VPS35</i>, and <i>LEPR</i>. These genes are involved in key biological processes such as cytoskeletal organization, energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, and skeletal development. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis further revealed significant pathways related to growth and metabolism, including muscle hypertrophy and protein hormone receptor activity. Overall, these findings provide valuable genomic resources and insights into the genetic architecture of economically important traits in <i>T. anak</i>, supporting future genomic selection and breeding programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofortified black soldier fly larvae meal as an alternative to crystalline amino acid supplementation in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Mohammed Ouaddane Alami,&nbsp;Zakaria Tazart,&nbsp;Monica Trif,&nbsp;Alexandru Vasile Rusu,&nbsp;Maryam El Bakali El Aissaoui","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02649-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02649-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL, <i>Hermetia illucens</i>) are promising alternatives to fishmeal in aquafeeds, but their use in salmonid diets may be limited by deficiencies in essential amino acids. This study evaluated whether substrate-biofortified BSFL could serve as a nutritional alternative to crystalline amino acid supplementation in diets for rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were tested: a fishmeal control (D1), a diet with complete fishmeal replacement by defatted BSFL (D2), a BSFL diet supplemented with crystalline amino acids (D3), and a diet containing biofortified BSFL produced on spirulina- and flaxseed-enriched substrates (D4). Juvenile trout (initial weight 28.6 ± 3.9 g) were reared for 8 weeks in a recirculating aquaculture system. Overall biomass gain was not significantly affected by dietary treatment. In contrast, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR) differed significantly among diets (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Fish fed the BSFL diet without amino acid correction (D2) showed higher feed intake and a higher feed conversion ratio (FCR = 1.26) than the other treatments. The hepatosomatic index was also higher in D2 (<i>p</i> = 0.009), whereas fish fed the biofortified BSFL diet (D4) exhibited the lowest values. Whole-body composition was largely unaffected by dietary treatment, although fish fed D4 showed slightly higher whole-body lipid content than fish in the other treatment groups (<i>p</i> = 0.041). Plasma AST and ALT activities were elevated in D2 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while other biochemical parameters remained similar across treatments. Histological observations indicated reduced mucosal fold width and mucosal thickness in fish fed D2, whereas fish fed D3 and D4 showed intestinal morphology comparable to the control. Taken together, these results suggest that amino acid limitations in BSFL-based diets can affect feed efficiency and intestinal structure in rainbow trout. However, these effects were mitigated by either crystalline amino acid supplementation or substrate biofortification of the insect biomass. Biofortified BSFL therefore appears to be a promising approach to improve the nutritional value of insect-based ingredients for salmonid aquafeeds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of estrone-3-glucuronide on HSD gene expression in steroidogenesis of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus","authors":"Yuhan Hu,&nbsp;Weihan Meng,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Huang,&nbsp;Heng Xiang,&nbsp;Jingjing Cong,&nbsp;Yaqing Chang,&nbsp;Zhihui Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02658-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02658-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The <i>hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase</i> (<i>HSD</i>) family is essential for steroid metabolism and gonadal development in vertebrates, but its roles in invertebrates remain unclear. In the sea urchin <i>Mesocentrotus nudus</i>, four <i>HSD</i> genes (<i>HSD17B7</i>, <i>HSD17B8</i>, <i>HSD17B12b</i>, and <i>HSD11B1-like</i>), were identified from the gonadal transcriptome. All of these genes were highly expressed in gonads, with <i>HSD17B8</i>, <i>HSD17B12b</i> and <i>HSD17B7</i> significantly enriched in testes, while the expression of <i>HSD11B1-like</i> did not significantly differ between the testes and ovaries. Given the differential expression of estrone-3-glucuronide between the testes and ovaries in differentiated gonads, we conducted coelomic injections of estrone-3-glucuronide to assess its effects on growth, gonadal development, and <i>HSD</i> gene expression in female sea urchins. No significant changes were observed in gonadal histology or growth within 21 days post injection. However, transcript levels of all four <i>HSD</i> genes exhibited time-dependent fluctuations. This work provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of sea urchin steroid production and elucidates the potential role of <i>HSD</i> genes in estrogen synthesis pathways, providing a foundation for further investigation of endocrine regulation in sea urchins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna, berry (CMB) on growth, hematology, antioxidant, digestive enzyme activity, gut microbiota, and disease resistance of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus","authors":"Lee Seong Wei,&nbsp;H. Hadiana,&nbsp;Ümit Acar,&nbsp;Albaris B. Tahiluddin,&nbsp;Mohamad Nor Azra,&nbsp;Lau Kia Kian,&nbsp;Arifullah Mohammed,&nbsp;Wendy Wee","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02663-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02663-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of hawthorn (<i>Crataegus monogyna</i>) berry (CMB) on growth performance, hematological parameters, antioxidant status, digestive enzyme activity, gut microbiota, and disease resistance of African catfish (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>). A total of 600 fish were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments containing 0% (C), 0.5% (CMB5), 1.0% (CMB10), and 2.0% (CMB20) CMB, with three replicate tanks per treatment, and fed for eight weeks. Compared with the control diet, fish fed CMB-supplemented diets exhibited significantly greater final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate, together with a lower feed conversion ratio, with the greatest improvement observed in the CMB20 group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Blood analysis showed significantly higher red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit in fish fed the CMB20 diet than in fish fed the control diet (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Intestinal digestive enzyme assays demonstrated significantly higher amylase (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and lipase (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) activities in CMB-fed fish than in the control group, whereas protease activity was significantly higher only in fish fed the CMB10 diet (<i>P</i> = 0.016). Hepatic antioxidant analyses demonstrated significantly higher catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in fish fed CMB-supplemented diets, compared with fish fed the control diet, under both normal and thermal stress conditions (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Following <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> challenge, fish fed the CMB10 and CMB20 diets exhibited significantly higher cumulative survival rates than fish fed the control diet (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.03), demonstrating enhanced resistance to <i>E. tarda</i> infection. Intestinal microbiota analysis showed significantly higher relative abundances of the putatively beneficial genera <i>Cetobacterium</i>, <i>Phocaeicola</i>, and <i>Akkermansia</i>, together with lower relative abundances of putatively pathogenic taxa, in CMB-fed fish than in the control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Overall, dietary CMB supplementation significantly improved growth performance, physiological health, antioxidant capacity, digestive function, gut microbial composition, and resistance to <i>E. tarda</i>, supporting its potential as a natural phytogenic feed additive for sustainable African catfish aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-026-02663-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effects of assembly strategies on differential gene expression—a case study of a non-model crustacean species, the wild black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)","authors":"Thanh Minh Nguyen,&nbsp;Thu Thi Minh Vo,&nbsp;Yen Thi Hai Tran,&nbsp;Abigail Elizur,&nbsp;Tomer Ventura,&nbsp;Tuan Viet Nguyen,&nbsp;Tham Thi Hong Le,&nbsp;Nhut Minh Tran","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02662-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02662-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The <i>Penaeus monodon</i> genome has been widely used as a reference for transcriptomic analyses of gene expression underlying development, immunity, stress responses, and reproductive maturation. In this study, we evaluated the impact of transcriptome assembly strategies and mapping methods on downstream differential gene expression (DGE) analyses. Transcriptomes were generated from the hepatopancreas and ovaries of wild-caught female broodstock at two ovarian maturation stages (stage I and stage IV) using genome-guided (GG) and de novo (DN) assembly strategies. Assembly performance was first assessed based on transcript recovery and functional annotation. DN assembly produced the highest number of unigenes, of which 49% matched proteins in the NCBI non-redundant (nr) database, and 69% of annotated unigenes were assigned to Gene Ontology terms. We next evaluated the effects of three mapping methods (reference-based (RB), GG-based, and DN-based) on the detection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between maturation stages. The DN mapping method identified the greatest number of DEGs across tissues (820) exceeding GG (488) and RB (117) mapping methods. Overall, these findings demonstrate that different assembly strategies and mapping methods substantially influence DEG recovery in <i>P. monodon</i>. The DN assembly recovered a greater number of transcripts and DEGs, while the GG assembly is better suited for identifying reproduction-related benchmark genes of interest. Based on these findings, we suggest that integrating DN and GG assemblies can improve the robustness of differential gene expression analyses in non-model organisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species-specific greenhouse gas emissions and carbon budgets in freshwater monoculture ponds","authors":"Zhao-Jun Yong,&nbsp;Wei-Jen Lin,&nbsp;Yao-Chen Lee,&nbsp;Yen-Cheng Liang,&nbsp;Shuenn-Der Yang,&nbsp;Hsing-Juh Lin","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02664-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02664-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Freshwater aquaculture plays a critical role in global food security, yet comprehensive carbon budgets and greenhouse gas (GHG) assessments for monoculture tilapia and giant freshwater prawn remain scarce. This study quantified carbon dynamics and GHG fluxes in earthen ponds monocultured with tilapia (<i>Oreochromis aureus</i> × <i>O. niloticus</i>) and giant freshwater prawn (<i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i>). Total carbon inputs were 5.64–6.54 t C ha⁻¹ in prawn ponds and 47.56–93.66 t C ha⁻¹ in tilapia ponds; outputs (10.80–16.88 and 106.52–277.16 t C ha⁻¹, respectively) substantially exceeded inputs in both systems, with sediment accumulation dominating carbon outputs (56.61–76.74% in prawn ponds; 64.54–76.59% in tilapia ponds). Tilapia ponds exhibited significantly higher total GHG emissions (5.09–8.16 g CO₂e m⁻² d⁻¹) than prawn ponds (-0.11–0.67 g CO₂e m⁻² d⁻¹), driven primarily by higher CO₂ fluxes. During drainage, CH₄ and N₂O fluxes in prawn ponds increased by approximately one and several orders of magnitude above culture-period baselines, respectively. Prawn ponds fluctuated near metabolic balance (production-to-respiration, P/R ratio: 0.94–1.03), while tilapia ponds were predominantly autotrophic (P/R: 0.88–2.29). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) identified redox conditions as the dominant regulator of CO₂ fluxes—through direct and nutrient-mediated pathways—and water temperature as the primary predictor of CH₄ and N₂O fluxes, with no species-specific differences in structural paths. These findings provide species-specific emission intensity and mechanistic insights for assessing the carbon footprint of freshwater aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycotoxins in aquaculture: a comprehensive review of global occurrence, multi-toxicological mechanisms, and sustainable mitigation strategies","authors":"Xin Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoming Sun,&nbsp;Jiazi Su,&nbsp;Yufei Li,&nbsp;Zhiyong Yang,&nbsp;Xunan Li,&nbsp;Jingwei Zhang,&nbsp;Wenzhao Han,&nbsp;Dongming Zhang,&nbsp;Xinyu Lei","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02654-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02654-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid expansion of global aquaculture and the shift toward plant-based feed ingredients have intensified mycotoxin contamination risks in aquafeeds, posing critical threats to aquatic animal health and food safety. Analysis of global surveillance data reveals aflatoxins predominate in tropical regions, while deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and fumonisins prevail in temperate zones, with regional variations driven by climate and ingredient composition. Emerging mycotoxins (enniatins, beauvericin, alternariol) are detected in 25–70% of aquafeeds, often exceeding in vitro toxicity thresholds. Critically, over 90% of aquafeed samples exhibit multi-mycotoxin co-contamination, with synergistic interactions exacerbating toxic risks. Mycotoxins exert diverse toxicological effects through multiple pathways. Growth impairment and nutrient malabsorption result from reduced feed intake, intestinal barrier disruption, and decreased digestive enzyme activity. Immunosuppression involves histopathological damage to immune organs, dysregulation of immune signaling pathways, and suppression of immune cell function. Hepatotoxicity arises from cytochrome P450-mediated bioactivation, oxidative stress, and disruption of detoxification enzyme systems. Reproductive toxicity is mediated through estrogen receptor activation and interference with the hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis. Genotoxicity occurs via DNA adduct formation and impaired repair mechanisms. Evaluation of current mitigation strategies demonstrates that physical and chemical detoxification methods are constrained by limited efficacy, nutrient loss, or safety concerns. In contrast, biological strategies, including probiotic adsorption, yeast-mediated degradation, plant essential oils, and detoxifying enzymes such as CotA laccase, offer advantages including high specificity, mild reaction conditions, and environmental compatibility. However, their practical application remains limited by unclear detoxification mechanisms, insufficient validation of degradation product safety, and poor compatibility with conventional feed processing technologies. This review systematically synthesizes the global distribution characteristics of conventional and emerging mycotoxins in aquafeeds, their multi-dimensional toxicological effects on aquatic organisms and underlying molecular mechanisms, as well as recent advances in sustainable mitigation strategies. It aims to provide a theoretical foundation for mycotoxin risk assessment and management, and offer scientific guidance for safeguarding aquatic animal health and ensuring the safe supply of aquaculture products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of NOD-like receptor subfamily C (Nlrc) genes in Labeo rohita and the expressional characterization of a representative ortholog against fish pathogens and PAMPs stimulation","authors":"Bristy Ganguly,&nbsp;Saswati Pani,&nbsp;Aritra Bej,&nbsp;Jagneshwar Dandapat,&nbsp;Mrinal Samanta","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02647-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02647-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are cytosolic pathogen-recognition receptors that add a second layer of cellular immune surveillance, complementing the membrane‑bound pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Notably, teleost fish comprise five principal NLR subfamilies (NLR-A, NLR-B, NLR-C, NLR-P, and NLR-X), together with a teleost‑specific expansion of the NLR-C subfamily that exhibits considerable functional diversification. However, many questions remain unanswered regarding the <i>Nlrc</i> gene expansion in teleosts, their evolutionary significance, and functional contributions. To address this, we carried out a genome-wide identification of <i>Nlrc</i> genes in <i>Labeo rohita</i> (rohu), identifying ninety-two high-confidence members. All identified <i>Nlrc</i> genes (<i>Nlrc.1</i> to <i>Nlrc.92</i>) encoded proteins (NLR-C.1 to NLR-C.92), characterized by the conserved central NACHT domain, together with variable N‑ and C‑terminal domains. A representative <i>Nlrc</i> (rohu <i>Nlrc</i>—<i>rNlrc</i>) gene was cloned and molecularly characterized, revealing a conserved NACHT-LRR domain architecture. Gene expression profiling revealed significant (p &lt; 0.05) upregulation of the <i>rNlrc</i> transcript across multiple immunologically relevant tissues, including gill red blood cells and kidney macrophages, during bacterial infection (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>, <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i>) and stimulation with pathogen‑associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)—LPS and poly I:C. These findings aim to provide a comprehensive overview of <i>Nlrc</i> gene diversity in rohu, highlighting the immune responsiveness of the <i>rNlrc</i> gene and establishing a foundation for future functional and comparative immunogenomic studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}