Aquaculture International最新文献

{"title":"Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) of seaweed and shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, with partial reduction in feed rate for improved water quality and nutrient efficiency of the culture system","authors":"Huynh Kim Huong,&nbsp;Tran Nguyen Hai Nam,&nbsp;Levis Nambwaya Sirikwa,&nbsp;Le Hoang Vu,&nbsp;Tran Nguyen Duy Khoa,&nbsp;Pham Thi Tuyet Ngan,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01944-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01944-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seaweed possesses an incredible ability to absorb excess nutrients (N and P) and serves as a natural food source for marine species, making it a valuable component in integrated aquaculture systems that promote sustainable farming practices. This study investigated the effectiveness of coculturing whiteleg shrimp (<i>Litopeneaus vannamei</i>) with either red seaweed (<i>Gracilaria tenuistipitata</i>) or green seaweed (<i>Cladophora</i> sp.) under partial feed rate decrease was evaluated for 60 days. Five treatments were implemented, each with three replicates: a control group of shrimps in monoculture receiving commercial feed at a 100% feeding rate; and four groups of shrimps cocultured with each seaweed species receiving 100% or 75% of the control treatment’s feed rate. Shrimp juveniles (0.35 ± 0.04 g) were raised at a density of 200 individuals/m³, salinity level of 15 ppt, and seaweed biomass rate of 2 kg/m³. Results indicated that in the polyculture system with a 75% feeding rate, levels of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate (NO₃⁻), nitrite (NO₂⁻), and phosphate (PO₄³⁻) as well as counts of heterotrophic bacteria and <i>Vibrio</i> spp. were significantly reduced, indicating that a good culture medium was maintained. Shrimp growth, survival, and yield in polyculture with a 75% feeding rate were significantly higher and the feed conversion ratio was reduced by 36.24–39.28% compared to the control group. Notably, these performance metrics were superior in the <i>G. tenuistipitata</i> group compared to the <i>Cladophora</i> sp. group, suggesting that this red seaweed could be beneficial and more efficient for shrimp polyculture systems. Biochemical analysis of fresh shrimp meat in the coculture revealed that ash was increased and fat was decreased. However, moisture and protein were not significantly impacted compared to the monoculture group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming waste to value: exploring potential of different organic fertilizer extracts as supplement mineral nutrients in aquaculture wastewater towards sustainable production of Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) and Lactuca sativa L. aquaponics","authors":"Venisza Cathy John,&nbsp;Ajit Kumar Verma,&nbsp;Kishore Kumar Krishnani,&nbsp;Sukham Munilkumar,&nbsp;Tincy Varghese,&nbsp;Chandrakant Mallikarjun Hittinahalli,&nbsp;Akhila S.","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01943-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01943-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The expediency of inorganic fertilizer supplementation attributed to the need for synchrony between nutrient requirement of plants and fish is a customary practice, while the utilization of organic fertilizers as a sustainable approach to amend aquaponics production remained largely unexplored. A 90-day trial investigated the feasibility of employing organic fertilizer extract as a supplement to aquaculture wastewater of <i>Channa striata</i>-lettuce aquaponics. Extracts of different organic fertilizers, viz., vermicompost (28.8 mg/L), cow manure (50 mg/L), chicken manure (50 mg/L) and black soldier fly larvae frass (3.3 mg/L) were applied weekly in T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively and compared to control (C). The water quality varied within tolerable limits for cultured species for most parameters. The supplementation did not induce significant (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05) changes in the growth performance of fish, while an alteration in normal physiological response was observed in T3 and T4. The antioxidant stress enzymes in the liver exhibited a significant difference in T3, while variation was insignificant in gill. Total lettuce yield (of all three harvests at 30-day interval) followed the order: T1 (1111.88 ± 4.90 g) &gt; T2 (865.87 ± 4.95 g) &gt; T4 (778.63 ± 5.34 g) &gt; T3 (768.67 ± 3.30 g) &gt; C(729.83 ± 7.18 g). Proximate analysis revealed a significant increase in crude protein in T1 (1.59 ± 0.12%), and enrichment of nutrient content of lettuce leaves was perceived in treatments than control. The results indicated that all organic fertilizer extract supplementation performed optimally rendering improved production than control during the study, while vermicompost outperformed significantly in lettuce yield, proximate and mineral composition, and fish physiology, and hence recommended as best feasible for aquaponics.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment, characterization, and exploration of the first cell line of Qingtian paddy field carp (Cyprinus carpio var. qingtianensis) and its response to hypoxia mechanism","authors":"Zitong Xiong,&nbsp;Qixuan Li,&nbsp;Yetong Xu,&nbsp;Qigen Liu,&nbsp;Jiamin Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01937-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01937-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To explore the stress resistance mechanisms in Qingtian paddy field carp (PF-carp) <i>Cyprinus</i> <i>carpio</i> var. <i>qingtianensis</i> under hypoxic conditions, we established the first fin-derived cell line for this species, termed cells of Qingtian paddy field carp fin (CQF). The CQF cells, primarily fibroblasts, were cultured at 27 °C with 5% CO₂ in the L-15 medium, supplemented with 1% antibiotics and 15% fetal bovine serum. To examine cellular responses to hypoxia, CQF cells were subjected to four conditions: normoxia and hypoxia exposure for 6, 12, and 24 h. With increasing hypoxia duration, abnormal cell morphology, disrupted redox homeostasis, and severe apoptosis were observed. These effects were characterized by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and upregulation of <i>caspase-3</i>. CQF cells adapted to hypoxia by upregulating antioxidant enzyme activity. Furthermore, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) overexpression plasmids were constructed using pcDNA3.1 as a vector, with fluorescent tagging via eGFP-N3 for subcellular localization. Under normoxic conditions, HIF-1α was located in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, but translocated to the nucleus under hypoxia, where it regulated adaptive transcription. Overexpression of HIF-1α in hypoxic CQF cells reduced apoptosis and preserved cell integrity. Thus, the CQF cell line provides a valuable model for investigating autophagy, apoptosis, and gene expression during hypoxia in PF-carp, offering novel insights into hypoxia response mechanisms in fish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crab species recognition method based on incremental learning","authors":"Duan Qingling,&nbsp;Feng Xiaoxiao,&nbsp;Kong Mingrui,&nbsp;Fu Jiayi,&nbsp;Zhang Ting","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01939-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01939-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crab species are highly diverse, and accurate identification is vital for production management, maturity prediction, yield estimation, automated sorting, and quality grading. Existing deep learning methods typically require all category samples to be input simultaneously, which is impractical because of the challenges of obtaining sufficient training samples and the long-term nature of sample collection. Incremental learning offers a solution by enabling models to learn new categories while retaining knowledge from previous ones. This study proposes a crab species recognition method based on an improved adaptive aggregation networks learning a unified classifier indirectly via rebalancing (AANets-LUCIR) framework. AANets combined with LUCIR serves as the baseline. The ResNet18 backbone is improved by replacing the activation function with ReLU6 to preserve image features and introducing an efficient pyramid split attention mechanism in each BasicBlock module to enhance feature extraction. A <i>k</i>-means clustering-based sample replay strategy is integrated to improve adaptation to new data while retaining old knowledge. Experiments on a self-constructed dataset yielded excellent results, with average scores of 92.30% for adaptability, 89.80% for base, and 91.66% for the final evaluation. Compared with iCaRL, Bic, LwF, EWC, and Replay, the proposed method improved the final scores by 10.15, 5.83, 21.76, 7.2, and 17.61 percentage points, respectively. This approach effectively addresses the incremental crab species classification challenges and supports the development of intelligent aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated aquaculture of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax: impacts on performance, welfare, blood physiological response, carcass traits, productivity, and farm profitability","authors":"Ashraf.I. G. Elhetawy,&nbsp;Abdallah Tageldein Mansour,&nbsp;Ayman M. Lotfy,&nbsp;Ahmed. I. A. Mansour,&nbsp;Shimaa A. Shahin,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Zayed,&nbsp;Ghada R. Sallam,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Abdel-Rahim","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01907-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01907-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seabass farmers suffer from a long-lasting production period of at least 18 months, causing a long-term gap in financial income and payback. This study investigated the integration of <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> with <i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i> aquaculture allowing seabass farmers to earn a consistent income 2–3 times a year. Six treatments (seabass alone “control group,” seabass with 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 shrimp in the fish tanks) were tested in triplicate and expressed as S0, S5, S10, S15, S20, and S25, respectively. Seabass was housed at a standardized density (12 fish/tank, each 3500 L water). Fifteen hapas (each 1 m × 1 m, 700 L water volume) were installed in 15 rearing tanks to hold the experimental shrimp, occupying 20% of the tank’s water volume. Both fish and shrimp received specialized diets during the 90-day experiment. The findings indicated that increasing shrimp density by more than 15 juveniles/hapa significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) increased nitrogen by-products (TAN and NH₃) and decreased growth performance and feed efficacy in seabass and shrimp. Moreover, increasing the shrimp density noticeably (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) improved the protein content in seabass flesh but declined it in shrimp. Serum and hepatopancreas indicators in seabass and shrimp, encompassing liver and digestive enzymes, lipid profile, cortisol, IgM, antioxidants, and growth immune-related hormones, demonstrated significant (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) improvement in groups polycultured with shrimp up to 15 pcs/m² (S15 group). Furthermore, integrating shrimp in seabass tanks improved gross income, net profit, benefit–cost ratio, and payback period of seabass. The recommended shrimp density when integrated with seabass using a flow-through system is 15 pcs/m².</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-025-01907-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study on the effect of Raceway and In-Pond Raceway Systems on different Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus strains fed diets replacing soybean meal by poultry byproduct meal on: Water quality, growth performance and production efficiency","authors":"Hala Saber Khalil,&nbsp;Ahmed Nasr-Allah","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01920-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01920-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study compared the effects of two aquaculture systems, In-Pond Raceway systems (IPRS) and Raceway system (RW), on water quality, growth performance, and production efficiency of two Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) strains: “genetically improved Abbassa Nile tilapia (GIANT) strain” and a non-improved local strain (Kafr El Sheikh) fed diets replacing 10% soybean meal by poultry byproduct meal. Fish (initial weight: 25.0 ± 1.0 g) were stocked at 120 individuals per hapa (1 × 1 × 1.75 m³) in triplicate groups, with 12 hapas per system and reared for 70 days. The water quality parameters (temperature, 27.5–30°C; dissolved oxygen, 6.50 mg/L; pH, 6.8–7.5) remained within the optimal range for tilapia production across both systems. GIANT strain reared in IPRS exhibited 1.38% day⁻¹ higher (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) specific growth rate, and survival rate SR was 18.32% higher (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) compared to Kafr El Sheikh strain. Similarly, GIANT tilapia achieved in IPRS exhibited 4.26% higher crude protein compared to RW, while crude fat was significantly lower in IPRS (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) compared to RW, and the viscera-somatic index (VSI) was significantly lower in GIANT cultured in IPRS correlating with reduced fat content, and there were no significant differences in any parameters measured on diets. In addition, total biomass showed higher (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) with GIANT in IPRS system about 689.78 kg/ha, and net yield was 2.20 kg/m³ compared to the Kafr El Sheikh strain. Moreover, Fillet yield increased 8.5% by IPRS-reared GIANT compared to RW systems. This study demonstrates that GIANT Abbassa strain cultured in IPRS outperforms in growth, yield, and fillet quality providing a sustainable model for intensifying tilapia aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-025-01920-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deep deterministic policy gradient approach for optimizing feeding rates and water quality management in recirculating aquaculture systems","authors":"Wael M. Elmessery,&nbsp;Said Elshahat Abdallah,&nbsp;Awad Ali Tayoush Oraiath,&nbsp;Víctor Espinosa,&nbsp;Mohamed Fawzi Abdalshefie Abuhussein,&nbsp;Péter Szűcs,&nbsp;Mohamed Hamdy Eid,&nbsp;Doaa M. El-Shinawy,&nbsp;Huda Aljumayi,&nbsp;Samy F. Mahmoud,&nbsp;Abdallah Elshawadfy Elwakeel","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01914-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01914-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Optimizing feeding rates in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) is crucial for ensuring fish growth, health, and system efficiency. This research introduces a novel approach to RAS feeding control using a Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) reinforcement learning algorithm. The developed system integrates feeding rate optimization with comprehensive water quality management to improve overall performance and stability. The DDPG controller demonstrated superior tracking accuracy, reduced feed consumption, and improved operational stability compared to traditional control methods such as Model Predictive Control (MPC), PID, and Bang-Bang control. The learned policy-maintained feeding rates within optimal ranges while adapting to dynamic system requirements and environmental conditions. The integration of water quality monitoring and control further enhanced system stability, ensuring critical parameters remained within target ranges. Comparative analysis revealed the DDPG controller’s advantages in terms of faster recovery times after environmental perturbations, improved long-term stability, and significant economic benefits through reduced operational costs and increased efficiency. The robustness and adaptability of the system were validated through comprehensive testing under various fault conditions, growth phases, and system scales. The successful development and evaluation of the DDPG-based RAS feeding control system represents a significant advancement in aquaculture management. The demonstrated improvements in efficiency, stability, and economic performance establish the potential for this approach to revolutionize feeding practices in commercial RAS operations. Further research and development efforts can build upon these findings to advance the state-of-the-art in intelligent aquaculture management systems and promote the sustainability and profitability of the industry.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-025-01914-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of the green mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) to bioremediate total heterotrophic bacteria, Vibrio and Plankton in the culture medium of the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon pond system","authors":"Elgen M. Arriesgado,&nbsp;Dan M. Arriesgado,&nbsp;Fernand F. Fagutao,&nbsp;Cassiano H. Choresca Jr.,&nbsp;Gwen M. Anuevo,&nbsp;Jomar F. Besoña,&nbsp;Marnelle B. Sornito,&nbsp;Fiona L. Pedroso","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01938-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01938-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The green mussel <i>Perna viridis</i> (green mussel) is a promising bioremediator for the <i>Penaeus monodon</i> (giant tiger shrimp) Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA) pond systems in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. This study contributes to refine an IMTA pond technology by assessing the efficiency of <i>P. viridis</i> in removing total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), <i>Vibrio</i>, and plankton at different stocking densities (0-control, 10, and 15 mussels^{−200 L}) from <i>P. monodon</i> pond culture medium (water and soil). Experiments were conducted under microcosm conditions using plastic drums, with bioremediation monitored over 72 h and filtration rates assessed over 24 h. THB and <i>Vibrio</i> counts (LOG CFU·mL^⁻1) in the water were significantly higher in control (1.47E + 02 to 1.55E + 03 THB; 5.33E + 01 to 7.70E + 02 <i>Vibrio</i>) than in 10 mussels^{−200 L} (1.40E + 02 to 5.58E + 02 THB; 5.50E + 01 to 1.98E + 02 <i>Vibrio</i>) and 15 mussels^{−200 L} (1.54E + 02 to 5.67E + 02 THB; 5.42E + 01 to 1.93E + 02 <i>Vibrio</i>). Plankton densities (cells·mL^⁻1) in the control (5.8E + 03 to 6.3E + 03) significantly increased towards the culture period, while the remaining treatments declined but no significant difference with each other (10 mussels^{−200 L}: 5.8E + 03 to 2.2E + 03; 15 mussels^{−200 L}: 5.9E + 03 to 1.9E + 03). Filtration rates after 24 h were 239 mL h⁻¹ mussel⁻¹ at 15 mussels^{−200 L} and 229 mL h⁻¹ mussel⁻¹ at 10 mussels^{−200 L}. Elevated temperature and slightly reduced dissolved oxygen were observed during the culture, possibly affecting the filtration rates of the mussels. Chlorophyll <i>a</i> levels were also significantly lower in mussel treatments compared to the control. The results indicate that <i>P. viridis</i>, regardless of the stocking density, effectively reduced THB and <i>Vibrio</i> (72 h) and plankton densities (24 h) using IMTA pond culture medium. However, the 10 mussels^{−200 L} stocking density is recommended for bioremediation to minimize competition and waste accumulation in the IMTA pond system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the CYP gene family: insights into carotenoid metabolism associated with red shell in Meretrix meretrix","authors":"Heming Shi,&nbsp;Lulu Fu,&nbsp;Yinghui Dong,&nbsp;Zhihua Lin,&nbsp;Jilin Xu,&nbsp;Hanhan Yao","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01934-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01934-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cytochrome P450 (CYP) belongs to a multigene superfamily in a wide array of organisms, integral to numerous physiological functions. Nevertheless, the association between CYPs and the shell pigmentation of marine mollusks has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, there was a clear distinction in color parameters between red and white clams of <i>Meretrix meretrix</i>, and the carotenoid contents and antioxidant capacity of red clams were extremely significantly higher than that of white clams (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, 42 candidate <i>CYPs</i> of <i>M. meretrix</i> (<i>MmCYPs</i>) were identified through transcriptome analysis, which was classified into four distinct clans (clan2, clan3, clan4, mito). The phylogenetic assessment highlighted highly conserved domains and motifs of <i>MmCYPs</i>, especially within their respective subfamilies. Additionally, transcriptomic data revealed varied expression patterns of <i>MmCYPs</i> in the mantles, and qRT-PCR validated that the expression profiles of candidate gene <i>MmCYP2J2-like</i> corresponded with those identified in the transcriptomic analysis, exhibiting elevated expression levels in red shell clams (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Importantly, the MmCYP2J2-like protein was predominantly localized in the epithelial cells of the mantle. The results of this study establish a link between detoxification genes and carotenoid metabolism, providing valuable insights for the functional characterization of MmCYPs involved in the development of red shell pigmentation, and establishing a molecular basis for breeding new clam varieties with enhanced carotenoid levels in the aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-025-01934-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-infection of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Aeromonas dhakensis in native endemic Canara pearlspot Etroplus canarensis of Western Ghats, India","authors":"Kushala Kallihosuru Boregowda,&nbsp;Nithin Muliya Sankappa,&nbsp;Girisha Shivani Kallappa,&nbsp;Dheeraj Shiraje Balakrishna,&nbsp;Vinay Tharabenahalli-Nagaraju,&nbsp;Miles D. Lange,&nbsp;Suresh Thangavel,&nbsp;Jason W. Abernathy","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01924-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01924-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ornamental fish trade plays a critical role in global aquaculture, with endemic species like the Canara pearlspot (<i>Etroplus canarensis</i>) contributing to the industry’s economic and ecological significance. This study reports the first documented case of co-infection of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) with <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> and <i>Aeromonas dhakensis</i> in Canara pearlspot from the Western Ghats, India. Clinical signs observed in the infected fish included skin darkening, hemorrhages, fin rot, splenomegaly, and nephromegaly. Histopathological analysis revealed necrosis and vacuolar degeneration in the liver, spleen, and brain tissues. Molecular diagnostics confirmed ISKNV and bacterial infections, with ISKNV showing 100% genetic similarity to isolates from ornamental fish in Australia, Ghana, Japan, and India. Phylogenetic analyses further classified <i>A. hydrophila</i> and <i>A. dhakensis</i> as highly virulent and moderately virulent, respectively, with antibiotic resistance profiles revealing multi-drug resistance (MDR) in both bacterial isolates. In vivo challenge studies demonstrated significant mortality due to ISKNV, while the lethal dose (LD₅₀) for <i>A. hydrophila</i> and <i>A. dhakensis</i> was calculated to be 7.1 × 10⁵ CFU/mL and 2.37 × 10⁷ CFU/mL, respectively. These findings highlight the vulnerability of native endemic species to emerging pathogens, emphasizing the urgent need for enhanced biosecurity measures and targeted interventions to mitigate the risks associated with co-infections in aquaculture and ornamental fish systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}