Aquaculture International最新文献

{"title":"The protective effect of glycyrrhizic acid on acetic acid–induced intestinal injury in Epinephelus coioides","authors":"Fei-Fei Huang,&nbsp;Qing-Guo Song,&nbsp;Xiao-Xiao Zhang,&nbsp;Zi-Zhen Sun,&nbsp;Ying Liang,&nbsp;Fei Shi,&nbsp;Yong-Le Wu,&nbsp;Cui-Yun Zou","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02259-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02259-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intestinal health is critical for nutrient absorption and immune defense in aquatic animals. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), an active compound derived from licorice, possesses notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, its protective effects on the intestines of marine fish remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the mitigating effects and potential mechanisms of dietary GA supplementation on acetic acid (AA)-induced intestinal injury in orange-spotted grouper (<i>Epinephelus coioides</i>). Fish were fed diets supplemented with varying concentrations of GA (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) for 8 weeks, followed by intraperitoneal injection of AA to induce intestinal damage. Intestinal health was systematically assessed through histological examination, serum biochemical analyses, gene expression profiling, apoptosis assays, and 16S rDNA sequencing. Results indicated that AA exposure significantly disrupted intestinal architecture, elevated serum enzyme activities (ALP, AST, LDH), and upregulated the expression of inflammatory mediators (NF-κB, COX-2, CRP), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and apoptosis-related genes (caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9). Conversely, dietary GA supplementation, particularly at 200 mg/kg, effectively ameliorated these pathological alterations, as evidenced by restored intestinal morphology, reduced expression of inflammatory and apoptotic markers, and improved gut microbiota composition—characterized by increased abundance of probiotics such as <i>Lactobacillus</i> and decreased levels of <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Escherichia-Shigella</i>. In conclusion, GA alleviated AA-induced intestinal injury in <i>E. coioides</i> through anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and microbiota-modulating mechanisms, providing theoretical support for its application as a functional feed additive in marine aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional plant-based feed additives for shrimp: evaluating the role of phytochemicals from tropical leaves on growth, feed efficiency, and disease resistance in P. monodon","authors":"Nabila Nusrat,&nbsp;Ayshwaria Mutsuddy,&nbsp;Sheikh AftabUddin,&nbsp;Mohammed Ashraful Azam Khan,&nbsp;Mohammad Abdul Momin Siddique","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02253-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02253-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant‐based functional feed additives represent a green alternative to antibiotics in shrimp aquaculture, but little comparative data are available on tropical leaf diets. Post-larvae <i>Penaeus monodon</i> (PL 15–20; 30 shrimp tank¹) were reared for 49 days on the basal diet alone and the identical diet supplemented with 1, 2.5, or 5% papaya <i>Carica papaya</i>, guava <i>Psidium guajava</i>, and sweet potato <i>Ipomoea batatas</i> leaf powder (nine diets). Growth, feed utilization, survival, and non-specific immunity (hemocyte count, clotting time) were recorded. Disease resistance was challenged in a 14-day immersion test with <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> (10⁷ CFU mL⁻¹). Guava 5% showed the highest final weight (4.43 ± 0.013 g), specific growth rate (8.49 ± 0.04% day⁻¹), and the lowest FCR (0.89 ± 0.02). Guava 2.5% showed the lowest cumulative mortality (30%) when challenged with bacteria and maintained the maximum total hemocyte count (~5 × 10⁷ cells mL⁻¹). Papaya 5% promoted enhanced weight gain (8.30 ± 0.03% day⁻¹) and survival (88%), and sweet potato effects were moderate. Water quality parameters were kept within optimal ranges during treatments. Inclusion of 2.5–5% guava leaf powder in diets improved growth efficiency and natural immunity of <i>P. monodon</i> markedly over papaya and sweet potato leaf meals. Therefore, tropical guava leaves symbolize a low-cost, locally available functional food that can potentially reduce shrimp aquaculture’s reliance on antibiotics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytase as a functional feed additive in aquaculture: growth promotion, nutrient utilization, and environmental mitigation","authors":"Nitesh Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Arun Bhai Patel,&nbsp;Shubham Kashyap,&nbsp;Mutum Deepti,&nbsp;Bhautik D. Savaliya,&nbsp;Yadvesh Ranvir Singh,&nbsp;Ashish Sahu","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02278-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02278-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phytases have long been utilized in animal feeds to enhance phosphorus utilization and reduce the environmental impact of phosphorus-rich effluents. In aquaculture, the application of phytase has gained momentum over the past two decades due to growing concerns over phosphorus pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Exogenous phytase effectively hydrolyzes phytate, enhancing nutrient digestibility and reducing the need for inorganic phosphorus supplementation while minimizing phosphorus excretion in aquaculture. Given the non-renewable nature of global phosphate reserves, phytate, when supplemented with phytase, offers a sustainable and cost-effective phosphorus source. Despite its benefits, the use of phytase in fish feed remains limited compared to its application in poultry and swine, mainly due to its sensitivity to pH and temperature. However, recent studies have shown that phytase supplementation improves nutrient utilization, enhances digestibility and growth performance, and reduces phosphorus excretion—contributing to both fish health and environmental sustainability. This review outlines the types of phytase, their mechanisms of action, nutritional benefits in aquaculture species, and their role as growth promoters. It also highlights current challenges and limitations in their practical use, such as enzyme stability, optimal delivery methods, and species-specific responses. Finally, future prospects are discussed, with emphasis on genetic engineering approaches to develop novel phytases with improved stability and efficacy for broader application in aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorative effect of MS222 for high density land-sea relay transport in spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus)","authors":"Jingming Wang,&nbsp;Ting Xie,&nbsp;Feng Wang,&nbsp;XiaTian Chen,&nbsp;Yudong Jia","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02282-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02282-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fish transportation is a critical aspect of marine aquaculture operations. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of pre-treatment with anesthesia MS222 during high-density land-sea relay transport on hematological parameters (white blood cells [WBC], red blood cells [RBC]), hemoglobin [Hb], and hematocrit [Hct]),plasma cortisol and glucose, hepatic and muscle glycogen, glycolysis limited enzymes (hexokinase [HK], phosphofructokinase [PFK], pyruvate kinase [PK]), and hepatic antioxidant (aspartate-aminotransferase (AST) and alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) activities, superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT] and glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, histological alteration, apoptosis and stress-related gene expression (<i>mr, gr1, gr2, hsp70, hsp90a, hsp90b</i>) in spotted knifejaw. Results showed that high-density transportation significantly increased cortisol, glucose, Hb and Hct contents, WBC and RBC number, hepatic and plasma ALT and AST activities. Hepatic HK, PFK, PK, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities and MDA content manifested similar results to glucose under high density transportation. Hepatic glycogen significantly decreased, whereas muscular glycogen remained unchanged. The proportion of hepatocyte vacuolation and apoptosis rate increased significantly subject to high-density transportation. Hepatic <i>mr, gr1, gr2, hsp70, hsp90a</i> and <i>hsp90b</i> mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated under high-density transportation. However, the above parameters were recovered to normal after exposure to 80 mg/L MS222 prior to high-density transportation. These results suggest that MS222 could alleviate the physiological stress induced by high-density land-sea relay transport and help maintain homeostasis in spotted knifejaw.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquaculture of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) in India: A comparative economic analysis across production systems and regions","authors":"Geetha R.,&nbsp;Abhinaya D.,&nbsp;Naffees Gowsar S. R.,&nbsp;Ravisankar T.,&nbsp;Kailasam M.,&nbsp;Jayakumar R.,&nbsp;Subburaj R.,&nbsp;Shinoj P.,&nbsp;Rajni Jain,&nbsp;Lal K. K.,&nbsp;Patil P. K.","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02269-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02269-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study estimated the economic and technical efficiency of Asian seabass production in India and identified the major constraints and suggested the scope for improvement. The average productivity (kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) in different farming stages was 2566 (61,073 nos) in the nursery and 2111 (19,449 nos) in pre-grow-out, and ranged from 4263 to 13,677 in grow-out ponds and 14–27 kg m⁻³ in grow-out cages. The seabass culture models practised using hatchery-produced seed were shown to be significantly more productive and profitable than the farms stocked with wild seed, albeit requiring higher capital investments, operating expenses, and skilled personnel. The observed positive return on investment (nursery 54.09%, pond 70–88%, cage 28–78%), BC ratio (nursery 1.54, pond 1.69–1.87, cage 1.28–1.78), and internal rate of returns (nursery 51%, pond 67–90%, cage 50–80%) indicated the economic viability of the sector. The technical efficiency analysis through the stochastic frontier production function revealed the significant influence (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) of duration, stocking density/weight, survival, and ABW at harvest on production, resulting in higher mean technical efficiency (cage 82.08%, pond 80.93%). The estimated seabass production in India was 7544 t for the year 2022, and the ARIMA (1,1,0) forecast projected the production to reach around 11,000 t by 2025. The major constraints identified were the cost and availability of quality seed and feed, in addition to the lack of institutional credit and insurance. The findings of the study suggest that the impact of technologies developed in breeding, seed production, and feed formulation could be realized by providing scientific training and extensive field demonstrations, which will improve the adoption and enhance livelihood opportunities, thus ensuring the economic sustainability of the sector.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time rapid visual fish disease detection system based on tiny machine learning","authors":"Jiayi Wang,&nbsp;Yihan Yin,&nbsp;Jinqi Yang,&nbsp;Feiyu Zhu,&nbsp;Daoliang Li,&nbsp;Yang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02256-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02256-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid detection of fish diseases is crucial for the sustainable development of aquaculture, ensuring both economic viability and environmental protection. This study presents a novel real-time fish disease detection system based on tiny machine learning (TinyML) technology. By integrating the You Only Look Once 11 nano (YOLO11n) lightweight object detection model with a RISC-V microcontroller and hardware design, the system achieves efficient, low-power, and accurate disease detection tailored to resource-constrained aquaculture environments. The system incorporates edge computing to perform real-time disease detection locally, reducing reliance on cloud services and improving data security. Experimental results demonstrate the system’s effectiveness, achieving a mean average precision at IoU thresholds from 0.5 to 0.95 (mAP50–95) of 0.736 with robust performance in real-world scenarios. The lightweight architecture enables flexible deployment in various aquaculture conditions, from offshore environments to small-scale farms. This study underscores the potential of TinyML to revolutionize aquaculture management and promote the intelligent, automated monitoring of fish health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin B12 requirement of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) post-larvae","authors":"Nalin Medagoda,&nbsp;Gunho Eom,&nbsp;Yeonji Lee,&nbsp;Kyeong-Jun Lee","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02274-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02274-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the dietary vitamin B₁₂ (cyanocobalamin) requirement of Pacific white shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>) post-larvae for growth, feed utilization, innate immunity, antioxidant capacity, and vitamin B₁₂ metabolism. Six casein-based semi-purified diets (Con, C0.5, C1.0, C2.0, C4.0, and C8.0) were prepared by adding cyanocobalamin at 0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00, and 8.00 mg/kg levels. Analyzed vitamin B₁₂ levels in diets were 0.10, 0.53, 1.10, 2.17, 4.78, and 8.35 mg/kg, respectively. Triplicate groups per treatment, each containing 100 post-larvae (0.9 ± 0.1 mg) per tank, were fed the diets for 30 days. The growth performance and feed efficiency were significantly increased in C2.0, C4.0, and C8.0 groups compared to the Con group, and significantly higher survival was observed in the C2.0 group than in the control. Vitamin B₁₂ supplementation significantly increased total hemocyte and hyaline cell counts in shrimp hemolymph. Hemolymph and hepatopancreas phenoloxidase, lysozyme, and catalase activities were significantly affected by dietary vitamin B₁₂ supplementation. Hemolymph glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in C4.0 and C8.0 groups than in the Con group. Hepatopancreas nitroblue tetrazolium activity and gene expressions of target of rapamycin, insulin-like growth factor-1, crustin, penaeidin, prophenoloxidase, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase mitochondrial, and methionine synthase were significantly upregulated with vitamin B₁₂ supplementation. Whole-body vitamin B₁₂ levels were increased linearly, corresponding to graded dietary vitamin B₁₂ levels. Broken-line regression analysis indicated that the optimum dietary vitamin B₁₂ requirement for maximum growth of Pacific white shrimp post-larvae is 2.13 mg/kg.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropogenic ocean warming triggers nutritional shifts in commercially important marine bivalves","authors":"Yizhou Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02264-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02264-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bivalve mollusks are a significant source of animal protein for human consumption. However, it has been observed that continued anthropogenic ocean warming (OW) will substantially reduce the production potential of bivalve aquaculture. While substantial evidence connects OW with alterations in bivalve nutritional quality, broader conclusions on this matter remain unclear. This paper provides a systematic review of the effects of OW on the primary nutrients (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) in commercially important marine bivalves and proposes mitigating strategies. Overall, OW has significantly reduced temperate bivalves’ total lipid and carbohydrate content. In contrast, protein content appears to be more resilient under warming conditions. Nutrient variations in bivalves are influenced by species’ thermal tolerance, utilization preferences, reproductive strategies, and seasons, and depend on factors such as warming levels, life stages, exposure durations, and tissue types. This work contributes to understanding potential variations in the nutritional quality of marine bivalves under climate stress, and to developing climate-adaptive strategies for aquaculture and fisheries management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citrobacter freundii induced pathogenicity towards fish: an insight investigation through serum biochemistry and gene expression analysis in Labeo rohita","authors":"Souvik Dhar,&nbsp;Arup Mistri,&nbsp;Ajaya Kumar Rout,&nbsp;Kampan Bisai,&nbsp;Basanta Kumar Das,&nbsp;Bijay Kumar Behera","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02222-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02222-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Citrobacter freundii</i>, a frequent freshwater fish pathogen leads to considerable economic losses in the global aquaculture industry. In this study, the virulence property of <i>C. freundii</i> (NCBI accession number: PP112336) was done through in vitro and in vivo approaches. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that it is an elongated, rod-shaped bacterium having high proficiency in biofilm production. The results of biochemical characterization exhibited high similarities with previously reported biochemical characteristics of <i>C. freundii</i>. Antibiotic susceptibility test highlighted that the isolate has a multiple antibiotic resistance capability (MAR index: 0.25). Haemolytic activity, biofilm assay, swimming motility, and cytotoxicity study indicated its highly pathogenic capability. Next, in vivo virulence screening was done by injecting pure culture of <i>C. freundii</i> in healthy fingerlings of <i>L. rohita</i>. The 96 h LD₅₀ value of this isolate was found to be approximately 1.2 × 10⁴ CFU/fish. Further, 100 times lower sublethal dose to LD₅₀ (1.2 × 10² CFU/fish) of the isolate was administrated in fingerlings to evaluate immunomodulatory effects on the host. Immune and stress-response biomarkers, such as SOD, IgM, and catalase levels were significantly decreased, while cortisol, HSP70, and HSP90 levels were significantly elevated with post injection duration in infected fish. The analysis of mRNA expression of immune-related genes, including <i>TLR4</i>, <i>TNF-α</i>, <i>HSP70</i>, <i>C3</i>, <i>NOD1</i>, and <i>IL-1β</i> showed significant alternations in the liver, kidney, and skin tissues of injected fingerlings over the infection duration. These changes indicated the response of fish to counteract the immunological damage caused by bacterial invasion. This study offers valuable insights to understand the infection process as well as in the development of therapies to control the infection.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas, Thunberg 1793) preferentially consume Isochrysis galbana, increasing biomass and upregulating biomineralisation gene nacrein","authors":"Amy Lovegrove,&nbsp;Sargent Bray,&nbsp;Gordon Inglis,&nbsp;Megan Wilding,&nbsp;Bastian Hambach,&nbsp;Chris Hauton","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02161-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02161-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microalgae are the foundation of oyster diets in aquaculture. As demand for oysters increases, so does the need for nutritionally complete diets. <i>Isochrysis galbana</i> is considered the optimal oyster diet and is often supplemented with other algae like <i>Nannochloropsis</i> to provide complementary nutrients, but which diet do the oysters prefer, and what effects do the diets have on physiology? This study performed feeding experiments with single (<i>I. galbana</i> or <i>Nannochloropsis</i>) and mixed (both genera combined) diets in Pacific oysters (<i>Magallana gigas</i>). Oysters fed exclusively <i>I. galbana</i> had greater biomass gains but reduced shell growth, evidenced by a lower Oyster Condition Index, and gene expression analysis showed compensatory upregulation of the biomineralisation gene nacrein in this group<i>.</i> Oysters fed mixed diets showed higher algal cell clearance and pseudofaeces production, and within the mixed diet, a preference for <i>I. galbana</i>. This suggests that whilst a mixed-algae diet is traditionally used, a single species diet of <i>I. galbana</i> can significantly enhance oyster growth, reducing the need for complex multi-species algal culture. Culturing one alga is more time- and cost-effective, but stage-specific diets could promote specific physiological factors. These findings can help to optimise oyster feeding in a world with increasing demand for oysters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-025-02161-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}