Aquaculture International最新文献

{"title":"Effects of estrone-3-glucuronide on HSD gene expression in steroidogenesis of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus","authors":"Yuhan Hu,&nbsp;Weihan Meng,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Huang,&nbsp;Heng Xiang,&nbsp;Jingjing Cong,&nbsp;Yaqing Chang,&nbsp;Zhihui Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02658-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02658-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The <i>hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase</i> (<i>HSD</i>) family is essential for steroid metabolism and gonadal development in vertebrates, but its roles in invertebrates remain unclear. In the sea urchin <i>Mesocentrotus nudus</i>, four <i>HSD</i> genes (<i>HSD17B7</i>, <i>HSD17B8</i>, <i>HSD17B12b</i>, and <i>HSD11B1-like</i>), were identified from the gonadal transcriptome. All of these genes were highly expressed in gonads, with <i>HSD17B8</i>, <i>HSD17B12b</i> and <i>HSD17B7</i> significantly enriched in testes, while the expression of <i>HSD11B1-like</i> did not significantly differ between the testes and ovaries. Given the differential expression of estrone-3-glucuronide between the testes and ovaries in differentiated gonads, we conducted coelomic injections of estrone-3-glucuronide to assess its effects on growth, gonadal development, and <i>HSD</i> gene expression in female sea urchins. No significant changes were observed in gonadal histology or growth within 21 days post injection. However, transcript levels of all four <i>HSD</i> genes exhibited time-dependent fluctuations. This work provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of sea urchin steroid production and elucidates the potential role of <i>HSD</i> genes in estrogen synthesis pathways, providing a foundation for further investigation of endocrine regulation in sea urchins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna, berry (CMB) on growth, hematology, antioxidant, digestive enzyme activity, gut microbiota, and disease resistance of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus","authors":"Lee Seong Wei,&nbsp;H. Hadiana,&nbsp;Ümit Acar,&nbsp;Albaris B. Tahiluddin,&nbsp;Mohamad Nor Azra,&nbsp;Lau Kia Kian,&nbsp;Arifullah Mohammed,&nbsp;Wendy Wee","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02663-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02663-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of hawthorn (<i>Crataegus monogyna</i>) berry (CMB) on growth performance, hematological parameters, antioxidant status, digestive enzyme activity, gut microbiota, and disease resistance of African catfish (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>). A total of 600 fish were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments containing 0% (C), 0.5% (CMB5), 1.0% (CMB10), and 2.0% (CMB20) CMB, with three replicate tanks per treatment, and fed for eight weeks. Compared with the control diet, fish fed CMB-supplemented diets exhibited significantly greater final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate, together with a lower feed conversion ratio, with the greatest improvement observed in the CMB20 group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Blood analysis showed significantly higher red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit in fish fed the CMB20 diet than in fish fed the control diet (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Intestinal digestive enzyme assays demonstrated significantly higher amylase (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and lipase (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) activities in CMB-fed fish than in the control group, whereas protease activity was significantly higher only in fish fed the CMB10 diet (<i>P</i> = 0.016). Hepatic antioxidant analyses demonstrated significantly higher catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in fish fed CMB-supplemented diets, compared with fish fed the control diet, under both normal and thermal stress conditions (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Following <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> challenge, fish fed the CMB10 and CMB20 diets exhibited significantly higher cumulative survival rates than fish fed the control diet (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.03), demonstrating enhanced resistance to <i>E. tarda</i> infection. Intestinal microbiota analysis showed significantly higher relative abundances of the putatively beneficial genera <i>Cetobacterium</i>, <i>Phocaeicola</i>, and <i>Akkermansia</i>, together with lower relative abundances of putatively pathogenic taxa, in CMB-fed fish than in the control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Overall, dietary CMB supplementation significantly improved growth performance, physiological health, antioxidant capacity, digestive function, gut microbial composition, and resistance to <i>E. tarda</i>, supporting its potential as a natural phytogenic feed additive for sustainable African catfish aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-026-02663-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effects of assembly strategies on differential gene expression—a case study of a non-model crustacean species, the wild black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)","authors":"Thanh Minh Nguyen,&nbsp;Thu Thi Minh Vo,&nbsp;Yen Thi Hai Tran,&nbsp;Abigail Elizur,&nbsp;Tomer Ventura,&nbsp;Tuan Viet Nguyen,&nbsp;Tham Thi Hong Le,&nbsp;Nhut Minh Tran","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02662-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02662-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The <i>Penaeus monodon</i> genome has been widely used as a reference for transcriptomic analyses of gene expression underlying development, immunity, stress responses, and reproductive maturation. In this study, we evaluated the impact of transcriptome assembly strategies and mapping methods on downstream differential gene expression (DGE) analyses. Transcriptomes were generated from the hepatopancreas and ovaries of wild-caught female broodstock at two ovarian maturation stages (stage I and stage IV) using genome-guided (GG) and de novo (DN) assembly strategies. Assembly performance was first assessed based on transcript recovery and functional annotation. DN assembly produced the highest number of unigenes, of which 49% matched proteins in the NCBI non-redundant (nr) database, and 69% of annotated unigenes were assigned to Gene Ontology terms. We next evaluated the effects of three mapping methods (reference-based (RB), GG-based, and DN-based) on the detection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between maturation stages. The DN mapping method identified the greatest number of DEGs across tissues (820) exceeding GG (488) and RB (117) mapping methods. Overall, these findings demonstrate that different assembly strategies and mapping methods substantially influence DEG recovery in <i>P. monodon</i>. The DN assembly recovered a greater number of transcripts and DEGs, while the GG assembly is better suited for identifying reproduction-related benchmark genes of interest. Based on these findings, we suggest that integrating DN and GG assemblies can improve the robustness of differential gene expression analyses in non-model organisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species-specific greenhouse gas emissions and carbon budgets in freshwater monoculture ponds","authors":"Zhao-Jun Yong,&nbsp;Wei-Jen Lin,&nbsp;Yao-Chen Lee,&nbsp;Yen-Cheng Liang,&nbsp;Shuenn-Der Yang,&nbsp;Hsing-Juh Lin","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02664-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02664-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Freshwater aquaculture plays a critical role in global food security, yet comprehensive carbon budgets and greenhouse gas (GHG) assessments for monoculture tilapia and giant freshwater prawn remain scarce. This study quantified carbon dynamics and GHG fluxes in earthen ponds monocultured with tilapia (<i>Oreochromis aureus</i> × <i>O. niloticus</i>) and giant freshwater prawn (<i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i>). Total carbon inputs were 5.64–6.54 t C ha⁻¹ in prawn ponds and 47.56–93.66 t C ha⁻¹ in tilapia ponds; outputs (10.80–16.88 and 106.52–277.16 t C ha⁻¹, respectively) substantially exceeded inputs in both systems, with sediment accumulation dominating carbon outputs (56.61–76.74% in prawn ponds; 64.54–76.59% in tilapia ponds). Tilapia ponds exhibited significantly higher total GHG emissions (5.09–8.16 g CO₂e m⁻² d⁻¹) than prawn ponds (-0.11–0.67 g CO₂e m⁻² d⁻¹), driven primarily by higher CO₂ fluxes. During drainage, CH₄ and N₂O fluxes in prawn ponds increased by approximately one and several orders of magnitude above culture-period baselines, respectively. Prawn ponds fluctuated near metabolic balance (production-to-respiration, P/R ratio: 0.94–1.03), while tilapia ponds were predominantly autotrophic (P/R: 0.88–2.29). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) identified redox conditions as the dominant regulator of CO₂ fluxes—through direct and nutrient-mediated pathways—and water temperature as the primary predictor of CH₄ and N₂O fluxes, with no species-specific differences in structural paths. These findings provide species-specific emission intensity and mechanistic insights for assessing the carbon footprint of freshwater aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycotoxins in aquaculture: a comprehensive review of global occurrence, multi-toxicological mechanisms, and sustainable mitigation strategies","authors":"Xin Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoming Sun,&nbsp;Jiazi Su,&nbsp;Yufei Li,&nbsp;Zhiyong Yang,&nbsp;Xunan Li,&nbsp;Jingwei Zhang,&nbsp;Wenzhao Han,&nbsp;Dongming Zhang,&nbsp;Xinyu Lei","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02654-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02654-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid expansion of global aquaculture and the shift toward plant-based feed ingredients have intensified mycotoxin contamination risks in aquafeeds, posing critical threats to aquatic animal health and food safety. Analysis of global surveillance data reveals aflatoxins predominate in tropical regions, while deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and fumonisins prevail in temperate zones, with regional variations driven by climate and ingredient composition. Emerging mycotoxins (enniatins, beauvericin, alternariol) are detected in 25–70% of aquafeeds, often exceeding in vitro toxicity thresholds. Critically, over 90% of aquafeed samples exhibit multi-mycotoxin co-contamination, with synergistic interactions exacerbating toxic risks. Mycotoxins exert diverse toxicological effects through multiple pathways. Growth impairment and nutrient malabsorption result from reduced feed intake, intestinal barrier disruption, and decreased digestive enzyme activity. Immunosuppression involves histopathological damage to immune organs, dysregulation of immune signaling pathways, and suppression of immune cell function. Hepatotoxicity arises from cytochrome P450-mediated bioactivation, oxidative stress, and disruption of detoxification enzyme systems. Reproductive toxicity is mediated through estrogen receptor activation and interference with the hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis. Genotoxicity occurs via DNA adduct formation and impaired repair mechanisms. Evaluation of current mitigation strategies demonstrates that physical and chemical detoxification methods are constrained by limited efficacy, nutrient loss, or safety concerns. In contrast, biological strategies, including probiotic adsorption, yeast-mediated degradation, plant essential oils, and detoxifying enzymes such as CotA laccase, offer advantages including high specificity, mild reaction conditions, and environmental compatibility. However, their practical application remains limited by unclear detoxification mechanisms, insufficient validation of degradation product safety, and poor compatibility with conventional feed processing technologies. This review systematically synthesizes the global distribution characteristics of conventional and emerging mycotoxins in aquafeeds, their multi-dimensional toxicological effects on aquatic organisms and underlying molecular mechanisms, as well as recent advances in sustainable mitigation strategies. It aims to provide a theoretical foundation for mycotoxin risk assessment and management, and offer scientific guidance for safeguarding aquatic animal health and ensuring the safe supply of aquaculture products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of NOD-like receptor subfamily C (Nlrc) genes in Labeo rohita and the expressional characterization of a representative ortholog against fish pathogens and PAMPs stimulation","authors":"Bristy Ganguly,&nbsp;Saswati Pani,&nbsp;Aritra Bej,&nbsp;Jagneshwar Dandapat,&nbsp;Mrinal Samanta","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02647-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02647-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are cytosolic pathogen-recognition receptors that add a second layer of cellular immune surveillance, complementing the membrane‑bound pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Notably, teleost fish comprise five principal NLR subfamilies (NLR-A, NLR-B, NLR-C, NLR-P, and NLR-X), together with a teleost‑specific expansion of the NLR-C subfamily that exhibits considerable functional diversification. However, many questions remain unanswered regarding the <i>Nlrc</i> gene expansion in teleosts, their evolutionary significance, and functional contributions. To address this, we carried out a genome-wide identification of <i>Nlrc</i> genes in <i>Labeo rohita</i> (rohu), identifying ninety-two high-confidence members. All identified <i>Nlrc</i> genes (<i>Nlrc.1</i> to <i>Nlrc.92</i>) encoded proteins (NLR-C.1 to NLR-C.92), characterized by the conserved central NACHT domain, together with variable N‑ and C‑terminal domains. A representative <i>Nlrc</i> (rohu <i>Nlrc</i>—<i>rNlrc</i>) gene was cloned and molecularly characterized, revealing a conserved NACHT-LRR domain architecture. Gene expression profiling revealed significant (p &lt; 0.05) upregulation of the <i>rNlrc</i> transcript across multiple immunologically relevant tissues, including gill red blood cells and kidney macrophages, during bacterial infection (<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>, <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i>) and stimulation with pathogen‑associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)—LPS and poly I:C. These findings aim to provide a comprehensive overview of <i>Nlrc</i> gene diversity in rohu, highlighting the immune responsiveness of the <i>rNlrc</i> gene and establishing a foundation for future functional and comparative immunogenomic studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive effects of salinity and dietary lipid source on growth performance, muscle quality, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Tingyao Zhu,&nbsp;Xiting Lei,&nbsp;Shouxiang Sun,&nbsp;Lihui Sun,&nbsp;Qian Li,&nbsp;Jianhu Jiang,&nbsp;Haiqi Zhang,&nbsp;Xia Yang,&nbsp;Jianlin Guo","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02659-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02659-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the interactive effects of salinity and dietary lipid source on growth, flesh quality, and lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). The experiment employed a 3 × 2 factorial design with three salinities (0‰, 4‰, 8‰) and two lipid sources (soybean oil and fish oil), resulting in six groups designated as S0, S4, S8 and F0, F4, F8. Fish oil improved growth performance and feed conversion, while 4‰ salinity showed comparable benefits over 8‰; these effects were additive rather than synergistic. Serum acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were highest under the combination of 4‰ salinity and fish oil. Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity increased with salinity regardless of lipid source. Antioxidant capacity was highest in the 4‰ fish oil group, whereas oxidative stress markers were highest at 8‰. Muscle proximate composition was largely unaffected by the treatments, except that crude lipid was lower in fish oil groups and ash was higher at 8‰. Total amino acids, essential amino acids, flavor amino acids, and n-3 LC-PUFAs were enriched in the 4‰ fish oil group but depleted at 8‰. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <i>α</i> (<i>PPARα</i>) expression was upregulated by salinity under soybean oil diet, while <i>PPARγ</i> and <i>LPL</i> were suppressed by fish oil. In conclusion, 4‰ salinity combined with fish oil diet improved nutritional quality and lipid metabolism, whereas 8‰ salinity was detrimental regardless of lipid source. These findings inform nutritional strategies for largemouth bass in saline-alkaline aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating an exogenous protease as a dietary supplement to improve production performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health in juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)","authors":"Cecilia S. Valente,&nbsp;Jing Huang,&nbsp;Kurt A. Servin,&nbsp;Caitlin E. Older,&nbsp;Penelope M. Goodman,&nbsp;J. Grant Reifers,&nbsp;Fernando Y. Yamamoto","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02657-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02657-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the impact of an exogenous protease supplement on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health was evaluated in juvenile channel catfish (<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>) through a comparative feeding trial and a digestibility study. A total of 700 channel catfish juveniles (~ 17 g) were distributed in 28 flow-through tanks (25 fish/tank; 110-L), and four experimental diets were randomly assigned to the experimental units: two control diets containing 32% and 36% crude protein levels (32C and 36C), and two test diets supplemented with a protease supplement (175 mg/kg; 32P and 36P). Fish were fed the experimental diets for 12 weeks, and at the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the 36P diet showed significantly lower feed consumption, and fish fed diets containing 36% crude protein showed significantly improved protein conversion efficiency. The dietary treatments did not significantly influence the intestinal microbiota for the diversity metrices and relative abundance of taxa, and did not affect the expression of health-related genes in the intestine. Nevertheless, fish fed diets with 36% crude protein showed significantly higher final weight, weight gain, feed efficiency, and survival, and significantly lower feed consumption. A separate digestibility feeding trial was conducted using the same experimental diets. Fish fed diets with 32P presented higher protein ADC than those fed 32C. These results indicate that the tested exogenous protease can enhance dietary protein digestibility when channel catfish are fed a diet containing 32% crude protein, and that feeds containing 36% crude protein significantly improved their production performance when compared to catfish offered diets with 32% crude protein.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated biomarker responses to dietary polypropylene microplastics in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under simulated aquaculture conditions","authors":"Muhammed Atamanalp,&nbsp;Mine Köktürk,&nbsp;Muammer Kırıcı,&nbsp;Mahinur Kırıcı,&nbsp;Gonca Alak,&nbsp;Esat Mahmut Kocaman,&nbsp;Veysel Parlak,&nbsp;Sinan Özcan,&nbsp;Ahmet Aydın,&nbsp;Md Masum Billah,&nbsp;Arzu Ucar","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02655-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02655-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics (MPs) are prevalent contaminants in freshwater ecosystems; however, their effects on ecologically and economically important fish species, such as rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), remain poorly understood, particularly from an integrated biomarker perspective. This study evaluated the effects of dietary polypropylene microplastic (PP-MPs) exposure on growth performance, hematological parameters, and tissue-specific oxidative stress responses in <i>O. mykiss</i>. Fish were fed with diets containing 0% (control), 10% (10 PP), or 20% (20 PP) PP-MPs (w/w) for 45 days, with responses assessed at 15-day intervals (days 0, 15, 30, and 45). Growth performance (weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and specific growth rate) and hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and PLT) were evaluated. Oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, DNA damage, and apoptosis were assessed using SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GSH, ROS, MDA, 8-OHdG, and Cas-3 in the brain, liver, gill, and muscle, while AChE activity was measured in brain tissue as a neurotoxicity biomarker. PP-MPs residues were detected in the gill and gastrointestinal tissues. Dietary PP-MPs exposure reduced growth performance in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while effects on the hepatosomatic index were transient and the viscerosomatic index remained unchanged. Multivariate analyses revealed significant effects of treatment and exposure duration, with an overall response pattern of liver &gt; brain ≈ muscle &gt; gill, indicating systemic but tissue-specific physiological responses. Biomarker responses were not uniformly significant across tissues, and the observed growth impairment may have been influenced by both PP-MPs-related physiological stress and minor dietary nutrient dilution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148837504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary sodium diformate in improving growth performance, nutrient digestibility, physiological responses, and survival against multiple stressors in Labeo rohita under high stocking density","authors":"Mahroze Fatima,&nbsp;Syed Zakir Hussain Shah,&nbsp;Noor Khan,&nbsp;Wazir Ali,&nbsp;Ayesha Khizar,&nbsp;Rahila Kausar,&nbsp;Nayyab Attiq,&nbsp;Anam Ilyas","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02652-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02652-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High stocking density induces stress in fish that deteriorates growth and health, and organic acids offer an effective nutritional approach to alleviate these effects. Therefore, the current trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sodium diformate (NaDF) on growth performance, proximate composition, serum biochemical indices, nutrient digestibility, digestive enzyme activities, and resilience of <i>Labeo rohita</i> against stressors. After acclimation, 675 fingerlings (5.2 ± 0.02 g) were randomly distributed into 15 digestibility tanks (filled volume: 45 L; 45 fish per tank; ~ 5.2 kg/m³). Five isonitrogenous (33.7 ± 0.12% crude protein) diets containing graded levels of NaDF at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg were fed to fish at 3% body weight ratio in triplicates for 60 days. Subsequently, 15 fish were used for various analyses and the remaining fish were divided into 3 groups (10 fish each) and subjected to <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> (1 × 10⁷ CFU ml⁻¹), ammonia (1 mg/L) and hypoxia (2.5 mg/L). After the feeding trial, NaDF supplementation significantly improved growth, with fish fed 4–8 g/kg diets showing the highest weight gain percentage (330%), highest specific growth rate (2.43), and lowest feed conversion ratio (1.33–1.36) compared with those in the control (296%, 2.29, and 1.47, respectively). Crude protein content increased in the whole body (~ 5.4–5.8%) and muscle (~ 3.2–4.0%) at 4–8 g/kg NaDF, indicating improved nutrient partitioning. Serum glucose (~ 24–25%) and triglyceride levels (~ 28–40%) decreased, whereas calcium and phosphorus concentrations increased at 4–8 g/kg NaDF, reflecting improved metabolic efficiency. The nutrient digestibility of protein, fat, and dry matter was significantly higher in the 4–8 g/kg groups than in the other groups, accompanied by higher absorption and deposition of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and zinc. The activities of intestinal digestive enzyme (trypsin, amylase, and lipase) were also elevated in fish fed 4–8 g/kg NaDF, supporting better nutrient assimilation. Survival after <i>A. hydrophila</i> infection, ammonia exposure, and hypoxia stress was significantly higher in 4–8 g/kg NaDF-fed fish (73–87%) than in control fish (30–50%). Supplementation at 4–8 g/kg was most effective, while performance slightly declined at 16 g/kg, and the optimum dose was estimated to be 4.87 g/kg. In conclusion, NaDF is a feed additive that enhances growth, nutrient utilization, and stress resilience in <i>L. rohita</i> in a controlled experimental setup.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}