Aquaculture International最新文献

{"title":"Dietary sodium butyrate and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate improve growth performance, intestinal antioxidant and non-specific immune functions and resilience from ammonia stress in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Yingying Wang,&nbsp;Kang Ou-Yang,&nbsp;Ya He,&nbsp;Hui Yang,&nbsp;Liangmou Wang,&nbsp;Dapeng Li,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02237-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02237-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate the effects of butyrate supplementation on ammonia nitrogen stress resistance and intestinal recovery in grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>), fish were fed four experimental diets: control (CK), powdered sodium butyrate (PSB), microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB), and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) at 600 mg/kg for 56 days. Following exposure to ammonia nitrogen (10.47 ± 0.67 mg/L) for 96 h and a 15-day recovery periods, results showed that PSB, MSB, and PHB significantly improved weight gain rate and specific growth rate. These supplements upregulated intestinal immune and antioxidant indices, including acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZM), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and β defensin (β − DF), while interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased. During ammonia stress and recovery, these additives reduced oxidative damage (lower MDA), maintained antioxidant capacity (higher T-SOD/T-AOC), enhanced intestinal immune parameters (higher ACP/LZM activities and β − DF content), and exerted beneficial effects against ammonia-induced inflammation (lower IL-1β). Integrated biomarker response (IBR) analysis ranked MSB as the most effective treatment. Our findings demonstrate that dietary sodium butyrate and PHB supplementation enhances intestinal resilience against ammonia in grass carp.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental parameters determinant for vibrio dynamics in intensive Litopenaeus vannamei culture ponds: a case study from the north coast of Indramayu, Indonesia","authors":"Indah Puspitasari,&nbsp;Resmilia Anugrah,&nbsp;Magdalena Lenny Situmorang,&nbsp;Gede Suantika","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02228-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02228-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shrimp farming plays a significant role in global food security and sustainability. However, disease outbreaks, particularly vibriosis (the most common bacterial disease in shrimp), cause economic losses of 43 billion USD globally. Comprehensive physicochemical and biological approach to water quality parameters is critical to identifying the ecological triggers of <i>Vibrio</i> proliferation. This study aimed to analyse comprehensively the determinants of environmental parameters affecting <i>Vibrio</i> population dynamics in an intensive white shrimp culture. Weekly sampling of water quality parameters and <i>Vibrio</i> population dynamics was conducted at Pacific whiteleg shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) intensive culture ponds for 12 weeks, from July to September 2024, on the north coast of Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia. Total heterotrophic bacterial count served as a proxy for the potential presence of <i>Vibrio</i> spp. Multivariate analysis using Pearson’s correlation test, principal component analysis and multiple stepwise regression revealed significant positive correlations between <i>Vibrio</i> abundance and total hardness, organic matter content, and inorganic phosphate content, and a negative correlation with pH. Despite the routine application of <i>Rhodobacter</i> and <i>Nitrobacter</i> probiotics and consistent organic matter removal, the bacterial abundance steadily increased. A notable microbial shift from autotrophic plankton to heterotrophic bacteria occurred around the sixth week of culture, coinciding with the decrease in ammonia and phosphate levels. These findings suggest that physicochemical fluctuations and nutrient surges, particularly phosphate spikes and calcium–magnesium levels, are critical in shaping bacterial ecology. Strategic probiotic and lime dosing, paired with regular siphoning and pH stabilisation, are recommended to mitigate vibriosis outbreaks in shrimp cultures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of two types of chicken meal substitutes for fish meal on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, blood parameters, growth gene expression, and intestinal microbiota in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)","authors":"Jiaying Xie,&nbsp;Tinghao Ma,&nbsp;Yajuan Song,&nbsp;Yewu Wen,&nbsp;Zhixu Guo,&nbsp;Xiaoran Zhao,&nbsp;Tongjun Ren,&nbsp;Yuzhe Han","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02235-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02235-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of substituting fish meal with two commercial chicken meal products (CM1 and CM2) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, hematological parameters, growth-related gene expression, and intestinal microbiota composition in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>. Juvenile shrimp (0.9 ± 0.05 g) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: T0 (20% fish meal), F1 (10% CM1), F2 (15% CM1), M1 (10% CM2), and M2 (15% CM2). After a 43-day feeding trial, shrimp in the F2 and M2 groups exhibited significantly lower final body weight (FBW) and hepatosomatic index (HSI), along with a significantly higher feed conversion ratio (FCR), compared to the control group. The substitution of fish meal with chicken meal significantly altered antioxidant enzyme activities, immune enzyme activities, and hematological parameters. Moreover, the expression of growth-related genes (GH, IGF-I, and IGF-II) was significantly upregulated in the F1 and M1 groups, while being downregulated in the M2 group. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteria were identified as the dominant phyla in the shrimp gut. Although microbial richness and diversity remained relatively unchanged, community composition varied significantly among groups. Notably, Bacteroidota showed higher abundance in F1, F2, M1, and M2, while Actinobacteria was less abundant in F1, F2, and M2. Both CM1 and CM2 diets enhanced the ecological stability of the intestinal microbial network. Based on the evaluation of growth and health parameters, a 50% replacement of fish meal with either CM1 or CM2 is recommended for optimal shrimp performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacement of fish oil with Tenebrio molitor larvae oil in diets for juvenile silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)","authors":"Kimberly Costa Dias,&nbsp;Alexandra Pretto,&nbsp;Fabio de Araújo Pedron,&nbsp;Giovani Taffarel Bergamin,&nbsp;Thiago Signori Gralha,&nbsp;Cristiano Miguel Stefanello,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Hadlich Xavier,&nbsp;Roger Wagner,&nbsp;Rafael Yutaka Kuradomi,&nbsp;Fernanda Rodrigues Goulart Ferrigolo,&nbsp;Francielli Weber Santos Cibin,&nbsp;Carlos Frederico Ceccon Lanes","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02199-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02199-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> larvae oil (TO) as a replacement for fish oil (FO) on growth performance, body composition, muscle fatty acid profile, blood biochemical parameters, and digestive and antioxidant enzymatic activities of juvenile silver catfish (<i>Rhamdia quelen</i>). Three isoproteic (45% crude protein) and isolipidic (10% lipid) diets were tested: a control with FO, TO50 (50% replacement with TO), and TO100 (100% replacement with TO). Fish (initial weight: 2.26 ± 0.01 g) were fed the different diets to satiation for 50 days, and thereafter, blood, liver, muscle, and digestive tract samples were collected for analysis. Our findings show that total replacement with TO did not affect the growth performance, survival, physiological parameters, digestive enzymatic activity, or hepatic and plasma metabolism. Body composition (ash, protein, and fat) and protein retention showed no significant differences among the diets, although lipid retention was higher in fish fed the TO100 diet. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid levels in the muscle were unaffected by diet. In contrast, diets significantly influenced the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially omega-3 and -6 levels. The FO diet yielded the highest PUFA (22.35%) and omega-3 content (12.55%), with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) reaching 7.63%. The TO100 diet had the highest omega-6 content (12.46%), driven by linoleic acid (C18:2n-6, 9.46%). Consequently, the omega-3/omega-6 ratio varied from 1.30 in FO to 0.40 in TO100. In conclusion, TO can completely replace FO in the diet of <i>R. quelen</i> at the juvenile stage evaluated in this study without negatively affecting growth performance and biochemical parameters.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective identification and pathogenicity of Aeromonas dhakensis in freshwater fish","authors":"Rahul Rajendran,&nbsp;Ha Thanh Dong,&nbsp;Nguyen Dinh-Hung,&nbsp;Sumit Vinod Jungi,&nbsp;Krishna R. Salin,&nbsp;Saengchan Senapin","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02172-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02172-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Motile <i>Aeromonas</i> species, which are pathogenic to freshwater fish, constitute a complex group characterized by closely related phenotypic traits. This phenotypic similarity has historically contributed to frequent misidentification, most notably the incorrect classification of diverse isolates as <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>. In this study, we retrospectively identified five isolates, previously presumed to be <i>A. hydrophila</i>, which were collected during disease outbreaks in tilapia (<i>Oreochromis</i> sp.) and striped catfish (<i>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</i>) dating back to the period 2010–2017. A polyphasic approach, combining phenotypic characterization, sequencing of four housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, <i>rpoB</i>, <i>rpoD</i>, and <i>gyrB</i>), and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), revealed that four of the isolates were in fact <i>Aeromonas dhakensis</i>, while only one was confirmed as <i>A. hydrophila</i>. Representatives of both species were selected to assess pathogenicity in juvenile Nile tilapia through intraperitoneal injection at three different bacterial doses (10⁵, 10⁶, and 10⁷ CFU/fish), followed by a 14-day observation period. The results showed dose-dependent mortality, ranging from 10 to 100% for <i>A. dhakensis</i> and 30% to 90% for <i>A. hydrophila</i>. Infected fish exhibited similar clinical signs and histopathological changes regardless of the bacterial species. These findings suggest that <i>A. dhakensis</i> is an overlooked pathogenic species capable of causing disease in tilapia and potentially other freshwater fish, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance and the development of effective control measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary phospholipid promotes growth, intestinal health, and muscle and ovarian development in largemouth bronze gudgeon (Coreius guichenoti)","authors":"Jian Zhu,&nbsp;Nan-Jun Hu,&nbsp;Ying-Jia Chi,&nbsp;Xiao-Hong Lai,&nbsp;Yu-Feng Song","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02244-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02244-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The largemouth bronze gudgeon (<i>Coreius guichenoti</i>), an endemic and ecologically significant fish in the Yangtze River, has faced drastic population declines due to hydropower dam construction, necessitating artificial breeding for conservation. Despite the critical role of broodstock nutrition in reproductive success, species-specific dietary requirements remain unclear. This study evaluated the effects of dietary phospholipid (PLs) supplementation on ovarian development, intestinal health, and muscle growth in <i>C. guichenoti</i> through an 8-week feeding trial. Histological analyses demonstrated that PLs significantly increased oocyte diameter and gonadosomatic index (GSI), indicating enhanced ovarian maturation, without altering lipid deposition. Furthermore, PLs improved intestinal villus integrity and myofiber growth, suggesting superior nutrient absorption and muscle development. Transcriptomic profiling revealed three key pathways—amino acid/lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and cell cycle regulation—as pivotal in PLs-improved ovarian development. Upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and oxidative phosphorylation genes implied elevated oocyte proliferation and energy provision, while arachidonic acid and glutathione metabolism pathways indicated roles in hormonal synthesis and antioxidant defense. Our results demonstrate that dietary PLs not only directly promote ovarian maturation but also enhance systemic physiological functions, thereby optimizing broodstock reproductive performance. These findings unraveled the effects of PL supplementation on <i>C. guichenoti</i> breeding efficiency, contributing to conservation and sustainable aquaculture practices in the Yangtze River ecosystem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable deep reinforcement learning with BIGRU-A3C for early mycobacteriosis prediction in smart aquaculture","authors":"Bhawna Kol,&nbsp;K. Jairam Naik","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02233-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02233-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mycobacteriosis is a chronic fish disease that poses significant challenges to aquaculture sustainability and marine biodiversity. Existing prediction methods that employ machine and deep learning often lack accuracy, interpretability, and scalability, while overlooking temporal dependencies in water-quality parameters. These shortcomings lead to delays and inefficiencies in responding to disease outbreaks. To address these issues, this study proposes a deep-reinforcement-learning model that combines Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BIGRU) with the Asynchronous Advantage Actor–Critic (A3C) algorithm. Using the Mycobacteriosis Disease Water Quality Index (MWQI), the model classifies water-quality conditions and identifies disease outbreaks by analyzing key indicators such as DO, pH, temperature, and ammonia. The model operates in two stages: the BIGRU module captures short- and long-term dependencies in sequential water-quality data through bidirectional processing, ensuring that both past and future contexts are considered. The A3C algorithm, with its asynchronous learning mechanism, provides robust real-time decision-making by optimizing cumulative rewards to classify conditions as “disease” or “non-disease,” thereby addressing the dynamics of aquaculture environments. An explainability module based on SHAP is integrated to quantify the contribution of each water-quality parameter to the predictions, thereby enhancing transparency. The proposed BIGRU–A3C model achieves accuracies of 99.93% and 98.69% on the real-time and repository-based datasets, respectively. Additional evaluation metrics affirm its robustness, with average rewards (0.993 and 0.9932), actor–critic losses (0.001 and 0.005), and advantage-utilization values (0.95 and 0.94) on the respective datasets. These results underscore the model’s reliability in managing complex aquaculture environments while ensuring interpretability and trust for industry stakeholders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Integrated agri-aquaculture of Lactuca sativa and Cyprinus carpio improve yield and economic benefits of small-scale farmers","authors":"Sanaullah Sattar,&nbsp;Muhammad Muneeb,&nbsp;Abdul Majeed Saim,&nbsp;Wali Muhammad Mangrio,&nbsp;Farhan Nabi,&nbsp;Muhammad Bilawal Junaid,&nbsp;Atta Mohi Ud Din,&nbsp;Munirah Abdullah Al-Dosary,&nbsp;Imran Haider,&nbsp;Rashid Iqbal","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02239-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02239-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with Bacillus tropicus enhances growth performance, modulates gut microbiota, and improves health status in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii","authors":"Yi-Yuan Liang,&nbsp;Mutita Tanamanosuk,&nbsp;Phunsin Kantha,&nbsp;Chun-Hung Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02230-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02230-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the impact of the probiotic <i>Bacillus tropicus</i> on growth, health parameters, and gut microbiota composition in <i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i>. Prawns were administered diets containing <i>B. tropicus</i> at concentrations of 6.45 × 10⁷ and 6.45 × 10⁸ colony-forming units (cfu)/kg over a 56-day feeding trial. These two diets were designated D7 and D8, respectively. Results demonstrated a significant improvement in feed efficiency and total biomass yield for prawns fed the D7 diet, although no significant differences were detected in final body weight or weight gain among the groups. Protease activity in the hepatopancreas was significantly elevated in both probiotic-treated groups, suggesting enhanced protein digestion capacity. Following challenge with <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i>, prawns fed probiotic-supplemented diets exhibited significantly higher survival rates, indicating improved disease resistance. Immunological assessments revealed that <i>B. tropicus</i> supplementation significantly enhanced lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, and the expression of key immune-related genes (<i>propo</i>, <i>lgbp</i>, <i>mnsod</i>, and <i>crus</i>) in both hepatopancreases and hemocytes. Gut microbiota profiling revealed distinct microbial community structures across control and probiotic-treated groups, with a shift in dominant phyla and genera. Notably, the abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as <i>L. garvieae</i> and <i>Enterobacter roggenkampii</i> was markedly reduced in the gut of prawns fed the D7 diet, although alpha diversity indices remained unchanged. These findings suggest that <i>B. tropicus</i> supplementation confers multiple health benefits to <i>M. rosenbergii</i>, including improved growth performance, immunomodulation, enhanced resistance to bacterial infection, and modulation of gut microbiota composition. Thus, <i>B. tropicus</i> represents a promising probiotic candidate for sustainable prawn aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appraising waste from fed aquaculture animals as a food source for sea cucumbers","authors":"Abigail John Onomu,&nbsp;Essa Suleman","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02168-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02168-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nutrient-rich solid waste and effluent water from aquaculture remain a major problem for aquaculture in terms of environmental impact. Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA), where lower trophic level species consume the waste of fed animals, has been proposed as an alternative for sustainable aquaculture. The use of deposit-feeding sea cucumbers as extractive species in IMTA has attracted research and commercial interest in recent times, due to their low trophic level, high commercial value as food for humans, and ability to ingest sediment containing organic matter, bacteria, protozoa, diatoms, and detritus. Still, the suitability of using faecal waste from fed aquaculture animals as a potential feed requires further studies to ensure not only palatability but also nutritional value, health, and immune responses of the cultured organism. This review discusses various performance indices, such as palatability, ingestion rate, assimilation rate, faecal production rate, feed conversion ratio, growth, and survival of sea cucumber species fed various faecal wastes from different aquaculture animal sources. It further discusses various IMTA applications of sea cucumbers with selected animals. The compatibility, viability and efficacy of sea cucumbers and some aquatic animals in IMTA are summarised.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-025-02168-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}