Aquaculture International最新文献

{"title":"Effects of temperature and salinity on the LC-PUFA biosynthesis and composition of the nereid polychaete Hediste diversicolor fed side streams","authors":"Andrea Villena-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Óscar Monroig,&nbsp;Francisco Hontoria,&nbsp;Arne M. Malzahn,&nbsp;Andreas Hagemann,&nbsp;Juan C. Navarro","doi":"10.1007/s10499-024-01679-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-024-01679-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid growth of aquaculture has prompted the exploration of alternative and sustainable feed ingredients. Polychaetes, such as <i>Hediste diversicolor</i>, offer promise in the circular economy due to their ability to recycle waste materials from bioindustries and convert low nutritional value fatty acids (FA) into eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and arachidonic (ARA) acids. This study explored the combined effect of temperature and salinity on growth and LC-PUFA biosynthesis in <i>H. diversicolor</i> fed on a side stream diet (33% sludge from salmon aquaculture (AS) and 66% solid-phase digestate from biogas production (SBD))<i>.</i> Polychaetes were cultured for 28 days along a 5-step temperature and salinity gradient ranging from 7.7 to 17.9 °C and 5 to 40 psu, respectively. Growth was highest at high temperatures (≥ 14.3 °C) and salinities (≥ 35 psu). The FA composition remained relatively stable across different culture temperatures, while salinity exhibited higher levels of <i>n</i> − 3 PUFA and <i>n</i> − 3 LC-PUFA at lower salinities (5 and 15 psu) compared to higher salinity (35 psu), mainly driven by EPA. This suggests that salinity may exert a more pronounced effect than temperature on the FA profiles of <i>H. diversicolor</i>. Despite low temperature and high salinity (40 psu) significantly upregulating the expression of elongase and desaturase genes, this was not translated into higher LC-PUFA. Remarkably, polychaetes exhibited high levels of <i>n</i> − 3 and <i>n</i> − 6 LC-PUFA, even when fed a diet deficient in such FA. These findings highlight the potential of <i>H. diversicolor</i> for LC-PUFA biosynthesis, positioning this species as a promising candidate for producing high-nutritional-value ingredients for aquafeeds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-024-01679-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the price volatility risk in shrimp farming manageable and can profitability be sustained?","authors":"K. Sai Susmitha Bhargavi,&nbsp;M. Kumaran,&nbsp;T. Ravisankar,&nbsp;J Ashok Kumar,&nbsp;T. Sathish Kumar,&nbsp;M. Muralidhar,&nbsp;N. Elakkiya,&nbsp;Ananthan P S","doi":"10.1007/s10499-024-01684-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-024-01684-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shrimp price volatility vis-a-vis increased production costs puts the shrimp farmers in debt, reduces further investments, and threatens the sustainability of shrimp farming. The cost and price analysis using the time series data drawn from primary and secondary sources substantiated that the production cost per kg of shrimp has increased gradually whereas the corresponding prices reveal a declining trend across the years. Further analyses indicated that shrimp price instability was higher for the largely supplied 21–30 g shrimp size vis-a-vis small- (15–20 g) and large-sized shrimps (&gt; 30 g) over a period of time. Moreover, price trend scrutiny revealed that the price of small- and large-sized shrimps were higher in January, February, September and November months across the years. Likewise, higher price trends were observed in winter, spring, and monsoon seasons, whereas in summer, the price tended to decline. The ARIMA model fitted to predict the shrimp prices for the immediate future, forecasted an increasing price trend for 15 to 20 g size shrimps. Therefore, market based farming with phase-wise stocking of ponds with the adoption of on-farm nursery that would supply quality seed for a scattered stocking and produce different sized shrimps meeting the market demand is the prudent strategy to minimize the price risk. Similarly, partial harvesting of shrimps at 15 g size and its sale in the domestic markets could secure the investments made and continuing the crop for large size shrimps for the niche market would minimize the price risk and sustain the profitability. Further, insurance cover for shrimp price volatility and social capital development in the form of fish farmer producer organizations for collectively procuring inputs and sale of shrimps are suggested as strategies towards reducing the price risk and sustain the profitability of shrimp farming in India.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of light intensity and light duration on growth performance and ovarian development in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)","authors":"Long Wang,&nbsp;Meng Hu,&nbsp;Lin Cai,&nbsp;Yurui Wang,&nbsp;Tianyu Guan,&nbsp;Chuankun Zhu,&nbsp;Hui Wang,&nbsp;Guiling Wang,&nbsp;Jiale Li","doi":"10.1007/s10499-024-01748-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-024-01748-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study is to explore the effects of light intensity (600 ~ 1800 lx) and photoperiod (4 ~ 24 h) on the growth performance and ovarian development of red swamp crayfish (<i>Procambarus clarkii</i>). The feeding rate (FR), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), gonadosomatic index (GSI), and mature oocyte ratio in the ovary were measured. The results of the study showed that the first-order effect of photoperiod and light intensity has significant impacts on FR, WGR, SGR, CF, HSI, GSI, and mature oocyte proportion of <i>P. clarkii</i>; the second-order effect of photoperiod and light intensity has significant impacts on the FR, SGR, and CF of <i>P. clarkii</i>; and the interaction effect of photoperiod and light intensity has significant impacts on WGR, SGR, CF, HSI, GSI, and mature oocyte proportion of <i>P. clarkii</i>. Within the range of conditions in this study, as the photoperiod extended, the FR, WGR, SGR, CF, HSI, and GSI gradually increased. As the light intensity increased, the FR, WGR, SGR, and CF first decreased and then increased, while HSI and GSI showed a gradually increasing trend. The results indicated that the change of light intensity (enhanced or weakened) and the extension of photoperiod in the range of conditions in this study could promote the growth and ovarian development of <i>P. clarkii</i>. The photoperiod and light intensity have important effects on the growth and ovarian development of <i>P. clarkii</i>. The results in this study provided a theoretical basis for biological research of <i>P. clarkii</i> and basic data for artificial reproduction and intensive culture of <i>P. clarkii</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in glycogen and lipid accumulation and mobilization during ovarian maturation in female Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Yanan Yin,&nbsp;Haitao Fan,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Zhangyi Zheng,&nbsp;Jiajie Xu,&nbsp;Tinghong Ming,&nbsp;Fei Kong,&nbsp;Lefei Jiao","doi":"10.1007/s10499-024-01687-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-024-01687-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glycogen and lipid accumulation and mobilization exhibited significant variations among different tissues of female <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> during ovarian maturation, yet the underlying mechanism remained incompletely elucidated. This study was conducted to elucidate the distinctive differences in glycogen and lipid accumulation and mobilization throughout the ovary maturation process (stages II–V) in <i>L. vannamei</i>. Our findings revealed that during ovarian maturation, the ovary consistently accumulated substantial amounts of glycogen and fatty acids, which were actively mobilized not only from the hepatopancreas and muscle but also from their ovary synthesis. Moreover, a significant downregulation trend (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) among all tissues was observed in glycogen and lipids metabolism-related genes and ILPs/AKT/PI3K signaling pathway–related genes. Consequently, we proposed that stages II–III represent the active period of rapid glycogen and lipid accumulation and mobilization in <i>L. vannamei</i> compared to stages IV–V. These results provided deeper insights into the mechanisms governing glycogen and lipid accumulation and mobilization during ovarian maturation in <i>L. vannamei</i>.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into metabolomics analysis of large yellow croaker liver (Larimichthys crocea) during packaging bag transport","authors":"Haofeng Sun,&nbsp;Fukun Gui,&nbsp;Dejun Feng,&nbsp;Ping Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Qu,&nbsp;Shuai Niu,&nbsp;Guangyang Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10499-024-01766-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-024-01766-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The liver metabolomics and related biochemical indices of large yellow croaker were investigated during packaging and oxygenation transport. The large yellow croaker was packed into bags and transported at a constant temperature of 20 ℃. Serum and liver samples were collected after 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h of transportation for subsequent analysis. The results showed that transport time had a significant effect on serum creatinine (CR) and glutamine transaminase (AST) levels, suggesting that the kidney and liver tissues of large yellow croaker were affected. Transport stress impacted the antioxidant capacity of large yellow croaker liver, indicated by increased activities of catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), which altered immune capacity. In the liver metabolome, we identified five metabolic pathways that were enriched based on differential metabolites and compared across different transport times. These pathways include biosynthesis, lipid, cofactor and vitamin, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. These pathways may impact the morphology of liver cells, as well as the antioxidant and immune abilities of large yellow croaker. Additionally, the statistical analysis of the metabolites at each transportation time revealed that histidylarginine and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) pyruvate were consistently downregulated which serve as signature metabolites during live large yellow croaker transportation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of common interest group participation and aquaculture development programs on fish productivity and net returns: evidence from Nile tilapia farming","authors":"Castro N. Gichuki,&nbsp;S. Wagura Ndiritu,&nbsp;Achom Barbara Emodoi","doi":"10.1007/s10499-024-01707-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-024-01707-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Development programs have intensified support for the aquaculture sector to improve production and productivity, as well as food security and diet quality for smallholder farmers. This paper examines the impact of farmers’ participation in Common Interest Groups (CIGs) and the effects of aquaculture development support programs on the net returns and productivity of tilapia fish in Kenya. The study used household-level data of 506 members of the CIG who were randomly selected for the treatment group and benefited from Aquaculture Business Development Program (ABDP) interventions. The analysis employed an endogenous switching regression model to account for selection bias. The results reveal that membership in CIGs and receiving fish production interventions have resulted in a 32.3% increase in tilapia fish sales returns and a 6.6% increase in tilapia fish yields. Specifically, ABDP interventions are aimed at providing fish producers with ponds and cages had a significant and beneficial effect on fish yields and income returns. This finding suggests that policies with targeted interventions that support aquaculture infrastructure can play a significant role in increasing the incomes of smallholder farmers and reducing rural poverty in Kenya.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-024-01707-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of composite lactic acid bacteria on the growth, intestinal physiology, and non-specific immunity of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)","authors":"Rongwei Zhang,&nbsp;Yuntian Zhang,&nbsp;Yi Chen,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Jiadong Guo,&nbsp;Xiaoran Zhao,&nbsp;Yuzhe Han,&nbsp;Tongjun Ren","doi":"10.1007/s10499-024-01681-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-024-01681-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate the effects of composite lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the growth performance, intestinal physiology, and non-specific immunity of sea cucumbers, experiments were conducted using sea cucumbers with an average body weight of 2.43 ± 0.02 g. Five experimental groups were designed, with 3 replicates per group and 20 sea cucumbers per replicate. The sea cucumbers were fed with feed containing different concentrations of composite LAB (0%—Control, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) for 56 days. The findings demonstrated a significant enhancement in the body weight gain (<i>BWG</i>) and specific growth rate (<i>SGR</i>) of the sea cucumber upon supplementation with the composite LAB. The activity of digestive enzymes in each experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LZM), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in each experimental group were all significantly higher than those in the control group. Among them, the activities of SOD, LZM, T-AOC, and AKP increased with the increase in the amount of additive, while the activities of CAT and ACP peaked when the additive amount was 1.5%. The content of malonaldehyde (MDA) showed a continuous declining trend. The incorporation of the composite LAB into the feed resulted in a significant enhancement of intestinal villus height (I-VH) and intestinal villus width (I-VW) in sea cucumbers. The experimental groups exhibited elevated expression levels of immune and growth-related genes compared to the control group. The experimental results indicate that the addition of composite lactic acid bacteria in the feed has a positive effect on the growth performance, intestinal physiology, and immune indicators of sea cucumbers, with the best results observed at an additive level of 1.5%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary allicin improves behavior, regulates intestinal microbial colonies, and improves behavioral resistance to handling stresses in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus at high temperature","authors":"Xiyuan Huang,&nbsp;Huiyan Wang,&nbsp;Peng Ding,&nbsp;Yunjie Yang,&nbsp;Jun Ding,&nbsp;Chong Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10499-024-01745-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-024-01745-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of allicin on behavior, intestinal health, and behavioral resistance to handling stress in sea cucumbers in summer. Behavioral analysis found that 3% dietary allicin significantly improved crawling and feeding behaviors of sea cucumbers without affecting their food choices in summer. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the intestinal microbiota of sea cucumbers. Alpha diversity showed no significant difference between sea cucumbers fed with and without allicin. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were more abundant in the intestinal tract of sea cucumbers fed with allicin diet, with a fourfold increase in Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, compared to the diet without allicin. This indicates that allicin does not influence species diversity or richness of intestinal microorganisms, but changes the structure of the microorganisms. This study showed that crawling and feeding behaviors of sea cucumbers fed with allicin were significantly higher than those of sea cucumbers fed without allicin under air exposure. This is probably attributed to the decreased oxidative impacts of handling stress on sea cucumbers fed with dietary allicin. We provided a cost-effective method to improve crawling and feeding abilities, to regulate intestinal microbial colonies, and to enhance behavioral resistance to handling stresses in sea cucumbers in summer. We suggest aqua-farmers incorporate 3% allicin into feed to reduce harms caused by high temperature and handling stresses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micrococcus luteus, an emerging opportunistic pathogen in farmed Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus in Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"Kummari Suresh,&nbsp;Devika Pillai,&nbsp;Mayank Soni,&nbsp;Srinu Rathlavath,&nbsp;Daggula Narshivudu","doi":"10.1007/s10499-024-01761-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-024-01761-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Impact of opportunistic bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance continues to increase in aquaculture, posing significant public health concerns. The present study aimed to investigate the incidence of mortality in cultured Nile tilapia, <i>O. niloticus</i> in Andhra Pradesh, India. Diseased samples exhibiting exophthalmia, swollen abdomen, hemorrhages and pale gills were collected to isolate pathogenic bacteria. The bacteria were characterized using cultural, biochemical characteristics and 16 S rRNA gene sequence. The isolate had 99.66% homology with <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> (GenBank accession no. PP659810). The cumulative mortality LD₅₀ was calculated as 1.39 × 10⁵ CFU per fish. Histopathological alterations revealed hyperplasia and fusion of gill lamellae, enlarged hepatocytes, degenerative renal tubules, fibrous lesions, ellipsoidal compression of white pulp, degeneration of splenic tissue, and melano-macrophage centres. Antibiogram studies revealed that <i>M. luteus</i> showed varying degrees of resistance to different antibiotics, with a multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.62 ± 0.3. Mortality rate in cultured farm and experimental infection is 30% and 70%, respectively. These findings highlight that <i>M. luteus</i> can be considered as one of the potential bacterial pathogens in Nile tilapia. Our findings highlight that Good Aquaculture Practices (GAP), biosecurity, disease surveillance, and the One Health Approach are essential for tackling AMR- and disease-related issues. This report forms the first record of emergence of <i>M. luteus</i> infection in cultured Nile tilapia, <i>O. niloticus</i> in India.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintaining the physiological stability during artificial spawning of Liza ramada in captivity","authors":"M. S. Ayyat,&nbsp;N. A. Khalil,&nbsp;A. A. Al-Sagheer,&nbsp;M. M. Elmemy,&nbsp;U. M. Abdel Monem","doi":"10.1007/s10499-024-01721-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-024-01721-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In captivity, the physiological condition of mature brood fish has a vital role for a successful artificial spawning. Therefore, the current study aimed to minimize endocrine and metabolic disruptions during routine handling, transportation, and acclimatization during artificial spawning in <i>L. ramada</i>. Here, we determined the impacts of transportation and handling, as well as the acclimation to different salinities on the levels of total thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), cortisol, and glucose in the mature <i>L. ramada</i> females. The transportation procedures of cultured mature females of <i>L. ramada</i> without anesthesia induced physiological stress as reflected with a rapid elevation in serum cortisol and glucose concomitant with a decrease in T4 within 3 h. However, the anesthesia protocol and the gradual acclimatization to seawater (24 h) were successful in maintaining baseline concentrations of the measured hormones in mature <i>L. ramada</i> females. The recorded levels of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) and cortisol proved that 40 mg l⁻¹ of clove oil was superior to anesthetic tricaine methane sulfonate (MS-222). In parallel, clove oil as an anesthetic has a rapid induction time and longer recovery time compared to MS-222 in <i>L. ramada</i> anesthesia. So, the slow acclimation and clove oil anesthesia were crucial during the induction of spawning in <i>L. ramada</i>. Indeed, all injected females were physiologically stable and spawned within the appropriate time consistent with the histological observation of both ovary and liver. Together, these findings recommend that maintaining the physiological stability of broodstock is critical for the successful artificial spawning of mullet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-024-01721-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}