Aquaculture International最新文献

{"title":"Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA): enhancing growth, production, immunological responses, and environmental management in aquaculture","authors":"Alokesh Kumar Ghosh,&nbsp;Abul Farah Md. Hasanuzzaman,&nbsp;Shikder Saiful Islam,&nbsp;Md. Golam Sarower,&nbsp;Saroj Kumar Mistry,&nbsp;Shaikh Tareq Arafat,&nbsp;Khandaker Anisul Huq","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02021-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02021-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aquaculture is a rapidly expanding industry globally, significantly being intensified to meet the nutrition of the increasing world population; the intensive aquaculture is accompanied by environmental pollution marked by elevated levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. To increase production and diversify cultured species, along with mitigating the environmental impacts of aquaculture and promoting long-term ecological balance, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) is a farming method that entails the simultaneous cultivation of several organisms, highlighting the reutilization of by-products from one species as inputs for another. IMTA systems are generally economically more effective than mono- and polyculture farming, as they improve animal growth and water quality, hence influencing all aspects of aquaculture. The present review assesses the effect of the IMTA system on growth, immunological response, and water quality characteristics that collectively influence the production and economic viability of IMTA. The analysis of the present study clearly indicated that the IMTA system significantly improved the growth, production, feed utilization, and economic performance, as well as the immune response of cultured species inside the system. The review also indicated that nitrogenous and phosphorus wastes were significantly diminished in the IMTA system, with enhancements in other water quality parameters. The findings underscore the significance of IMTA as a sustainable substitute for conventional aquaculture through the provision of economic and environmental advantages while fostering adaptability in aquaculture system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity and gill alterations in Astyanax lacustris exposed to Lippia alba essential oil","authors":"Fúlvia Cristina Oliveira,&nbsp;Giovanna Simões dos Santos Bastos,&nbsp;Bruno Carvalho Bonfin,&nbsp;Cristiane Meldau de Campos,&nbsp;Edsandra Campos Chagas,&nbsp;Franscisco Célio Maia Chaves,&nbsp;Manuel Vazquez Vidal Junior","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02020-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02020-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Essential oils are recognized as sedatives and anesthetics in fish; however, their toxicity at varying doses needs further evaluation to ensure safe use. This study assessed the toxic effects of the essential oil from <i>Lippia alba</i> (EOLA) on yellow-tail lambari (<i>Astyanax lacustris</i>) juveniles through an acute toxicity test over 96 h. The fish were exposed to different concentrations of EOLA (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg·L^-1), along with two control groups (one with alcohol and one without). We analyzed several parameters, including water quality, behavior, mortality rates, and histological alterations in the gills. Mortality was observed only at a concentration of 20 mg L^-1, with a rate of 42.85%. The lethal concentration (LC50) based on the concentrations tested. Histological examinations revealed that progressive gill lesions were correlated with increasing concentrations, with epithelial hyperplasia being the most common alteration. The fish exposed to EOLA exhibited agitated swimming, increased opercular movement, and excessive mucus secretion, particularly at 10 mg L^-1 or higher concentrations. Despite these behavioral responses, water quality remained within acceptable levels. Overall, the results suggest that EOLA may be safe for <i>A. lacustris</i> when exposure is limited to less than 24 h without compromising their survival or causing significant damage to their gills.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anesthetic potential of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Jaqueline Inês Alves de Andrade,&nbsp;Maira Sabrina Milanese,&nbsp;Gabriel Tobias Deschamps,&nbsp;Eduardo da Silva,&nbsp;Deivisson Ferreira da Silva,&nbsp;Juliano Pereira Terra,&nbsp;Adolfo Jatobá,&nbsp;Robilson Antônio Weber","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02012-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02012-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to determine the best anesthetic concentration of <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> essential oil (CZEO), and investigate its effects on physiological and histological parameters in <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>. The animals were divided into two experiments: Experiment I: 100 fish (38.37 ± 9.28 g – 10 per concentration) were subjected to nine concentrations of CZEO (60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130 and 140 μL L⁻¹) and control (95% ethyl alcohol) to determine the ideal concentration; and Experiment II: To evaluate the physiological and tissue effects of CZEO, 27 fish (86.69 ± 30.37 g) were allocated to three treatments: <b>Control</b>: fish were not exposed to the anesthetic; blood was collected, and they were euthanized. <b>T0</b>: fish were anesthetized with CZEO (100 μL L⁻¹); immediately after reaching anesthesia, blood was collected, and they were euthanized. <b>T1</b>: fish were anesthetized with CZEO (100 μL L⁻¹), returned to the tank for recovery, and one hour later, were re-anesthetized; blood was then collected, and they were euthanized. For all treatments, after euthanasia, samples of gill and liver tissues were collected. Blood and tissue samples were processed for physiological and histopathological analyses. The results showed that the 100 μL L⁻¹ concentration of CZEO is the most effective, keeping the hematimetric indicators stable, reducing the main stress indicators, and preventing injuries to the gills and liver. However, this concentration also resulted in an increase in lactate and congestion in the gill tissue. In addition, the continuous use of CZEO can lead to a rise in liver enzymes, although without significant histopathological changes. These findings indicate that while CZEO (100 μL L⁻¹) is a promising alternative for anesthesia in aquaculture, its use should be monitored to avoid adverse effects on fish health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal analysis of metabolic liver disease induced by high-starch diets in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Xixuan Huang,&nbsp;Xuemei Ouyang,&nbsp;Li Wang,&nbsp;Kun Xue,&nbsp;Haodong Yu,&nbsp;Chenlei Liao,&nbsp;Feifei Chen,&nbsp;Keming Rong,&nbsp;Xuezhen Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02019-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02019-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Starch is widely used in aquaculture as an economical energy source; however, low utilization and adverse response to carbohydrates in carnivorous fish limit the potential of the industry. This study investigated the long-term dynamic effects of feeding high-starch diets on the growth and metabolic liver disease of typical carnivorous fish, as well as the potential gut microbiota markers associated with them. We fed largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) with isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing 6%, 10%, 14%, 18%, and 22% starch for 8 weeks, and samples were taken once a week. The results show that the optimal dietary starch content for largemouth bass was 7.53%. Dietary high starch (&gt; 14%) significantly reduced the survival rate and weight gain rate but elevated the viscera somatic index and hepatosomatic index. Plasma alanine aminotransferase and glutaminase levels, along with semi-quantitative scores of liver tissue pathological sections, indicated that the liver first underwent steatosis at week 5, followed by ballooning degeneration, inflammation, and fibrosis at week 6 that persisted until week 8. High-starch diets induced disorders of glycolipid metabolism and oxidative stress in the middle stage and multiple proliferations of liver collagen fibers in the late stage. Spearman correlation analysis showed that <i>Lactococcus</i> and <i>Kluyvera</i> were positively and <i>Sphingomonas</i> negatively correlated with liver damage indices. Dietary high-starch (&gt; 14%)–induced liver damage in largemouth bass is a time-dependent dynamic process accompanied by oxidative stress, disruption of glycolipid metabolism, and fibrosis. This study contributes to providing a theoretical basis for the development of high-carbohydrate feeds for carnivorous fish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of climate change and adaptation strategy in aquaculture: a systematic review","authors":"Mohammad Sabbir Hossain,&nbsp;Badiuz Zaman,&nbsp;Md. Akhtaruzzaman Khan,&nbsp;Md. Yusuf Khan Shihab,&nbsp;Rasmus Nielsen","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02013-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02013-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change significantly impacts aquaculture production due to the fact that production capabilities are reliant on the biophysical conditions of the surrounding aquatic environment. This study examines the effects of climate change and aquaculture adaptation strategies at the farm, sector, and national levels. An exhaustive review of the scientific literature is conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews. The findings indicate that aquaculture is primarily impacted negatively by climate change, with the negative consequences surpassing the positive ones. A prolonged production period, an expansion of suitable areas for aquaculture cultivation, and the emergence of new species in colder regions are all positive developments. The adverse consequences encompass decreased water availability, deteriorating water quality, raised salinity and temperature, and damage to aquaculture infrastructure attributable to extreme climatic phenomena; these are classified as direct effects. As an indirect effect, the decreased availability of feed ingredients, such as fish meals, limits the production, expansion, and sustainability of aquaculture. Implementing pond dikes, nets, drainage systems, and fences to safeguard production systems against climatic events (such as storms and floods) is an element of farm-level adaptation strategies. Sector-level strategies encompass the dissemination of local knowledge and information via educational initiatives and advocacy campaigns. Governments at the country level promote sector-level cooperation and develop policies to alleviate the impacts of climate change on the aquaculture sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different dietary ratios of processed cassava leaf and root for Nile tilapia: Effects on digestibility, growth performance, and production economy","authors":"Tigist Ashagre Amare,&nbsp;Trond Storebakken,&nbsp;Turid Mørkøre,&nbsp;Ajebu Nurfeta,&nbsp;Øystein Ahlstrøm","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02011-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02011-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cassava, a locally available and cost-effective feed ingredient, offers potential benefits for small-scale fish farming where conventional protein and energy sources may be limited. This study evaluated the effects of different dietary ratios of processed cassava leaf (CL) and root (CR) on digestibility, feed utilization, growth performance, and production economics of Nile tilapia. Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric processed cassava-based diets were formulated: CL₀CR₀, CL₂₀CR₅₀, CL₂₀CR₇₅, CL₄₀CR₅₀, and CL₄₀CR₇₅, where the values 20 and 40 in CL denote the percentage level of CL protein replacing soybean cake protein, while 50 and 75 in CR denote the percentage level of CR starch replacing wheat starch in the control diet. Nile tilapia fingerlings with an average initial body weight of 2.1 ± 0.1 g were stocked in 250-L tanks in triplicate and reared for 14 weeks. The results of the study showed that fish fed CL₂₀CR₅₀ diet had higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) dry matter (DM) and ether extract (EE) hindgut apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) than others, but not from CL₀CR₀ and CL₂₀CR₇₅. Fish fed CL₂₀CR₅₀ diet revealed comparable growth performance and protein efficiency ratios to fish fed CL₀CR₀ and CL₂₀CR₇₅ but were different (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) from others. The ratios of cost to benefit, gross profit margin, and return on investment were higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) for fish fed CL₂₀CR₅₀ and CL₂₀CR₇₅ diets than others. In conclusion, CL₂₀CR₅₀ and CL₂₀CR₇₅ diets exhibited the highest ADC and feed utilization, resulting in optimal growth performance and economic returns, making them promising dietary options for Nile tilapia production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-025-02011-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological, biochemical, hormonal effect, and histological perturbations of Procambarus clarkii (Crustacea: Cambaridae) hemolymph on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails","authors":"Salwa A. H. Hamdi,&nbsp;Sayed Abd El-Monem,&nbsp;Amina M. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Mona F. Fol,&nbsp;Nesma A. Mostafa","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01956-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01956-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Schistosomiasis is a severe illness carried by snails of the genus <i>Biomphalaria</i>, which have a large distribution in Egypt. Control of the intermediate host snail is critical in limiting schistosomiasis spread. On the topic of snails’ management, bioactive products extracted from aquatic invertebrates have gained more interest. Here, for the first time, the current research intended to identify the bioactive compounds present in hemolymph collected from the freshwater crayfish <i>Procambarus clarkii</i> and to assess its molluscidal activity against <i>Biomphalaria alexandrina</i> snails. Results showed that following exposure to the sub-lethal concentrations (LC₁₀ 34.9 and LC₂₅ 42.8 mg/l) of hemolymph, a reduction in survival and reproductive rates of <i>B. alexandrina</i> was detected, as well as a substantial increase in transaminases (AST and ALT) activities, while a reduction in total protein and albumin levels. Also, levels of testosterone and 17β-estradiol hormones decreased compared to the control group. Histopathological examination of the digestive gland of treated <i>B. alexandrina</i> displayed a shrinkage of the tubules and an increase in the inter-tubular spaces, and also, degeneration in the oocytes and spermatocytes of the hermaphrodite glands with a loss of connective tissues between the acini was observed. Thus, based on these results, a new strategy should be developed for a better use of these agents in schistosomiasis control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-025-01956-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the physiological indicators and gene expression for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in response to alkaline stress","authors":"Qi Chen,&nbsp;Jianbo Zheng,&nbsp;Yi Xu,&nbsp;Fei Li,&nbsp;Shili Liu,&nbsp;Wenping Jiang,&nbsp;Meili Chi,&nbsp;Shun Cheng,&nbsp;Haiqi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02009-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02009-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alkalinity stress is a significant abiotic factor influencing fish growth and productivity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying fish tolerance to saline–alkaline stress is essential for developing highly resistant fish strains and expanding the potential for freshwater aquaculture. This study examined the impact of alkaline stress on the survival rate, digestive enzyme activities, tissue morphology, and gene expression profiles in juvenile grass carp. Acute stress experiments revealed that the LC₅₀ value for juvenile grass carp (31.72 ± 8.88 g) exposed to alkalinity for 96 h was 44.11 mM, indicating relatively high tolerance to alkalinity. Furthermore, NaHCO₃-induced alkaline stress significantly affected digestive enzyme activities and tissue morphology. A tissue-specific transcriptome analysis (gill, liver, and kidney) was conducted at various time points during alkalinity stress exposure, identifying numerous differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with alkaline stress. Notably, several alkali-responsive genes, including <i>serpinh1b</i>, <i>aqp10a</i>, <i>cbr11</i>, <i>scos3b</i>, and <i>mycb</i>, were differentially regulated across the compared groups in PCR Array. The findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of alkaline stress tolerance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-025-02009-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving challenges and innovations in sea cucumber aquaculture","authors":"Alexia Omont,&nbsp;Milton Spanopoulos-Zarco,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Pacheco-Vega,&nbsp;Alberto Peña-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-01988-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-01988-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Overexploitation of sea cucumbers wild populations has raised concerns, and aquaculture emerges as a sustainable solution. In response to increasing global demand due to the nutritional and medicinal value of sea cucumber, the aquaculture and feeding technologies of these species improve significantly during the last 10 years. The review highlights the advancements and challenges associated with species reproduction and survival. It focuses on optimal culture conditions, broodstock management, larval rearing, and disease outbreaks. Feeding technology is another important theme addressed in this document; the research essentially focused on replicating natural diets in aquaculture systems to ensure optimal growth. Biotics, including probiotics and prebiotics, are also explored as valuable supplements to improve the health and growth of sea cucumbers in aquaculture environments. Finally, future advancements, including genetic breeding and multitrophic aquaculture systems, are demonstrated as essential for ensuring sustainable production in the sea cucumber aquaculture industry. The document stresses the need for continuous research on nutrition, disease management, and environmental impacts to address ongoing challenges and improve the efficiency of sea cucumber farming. </p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effective aeration solutions for aquaculture: a study on paddle wheel and spiral aerators","authors":"Subha M. Roy,&nbsp;Mirza Masum Beg,&nbsp;Tiyasha Tiyasha,&nbsp;Suraj Kumar Bhagat,&nbsp;Taeho Kim,&nbsp;C. M. Pareek,&nbsp;Vinay Kumar,&nbsp;Reetesh Kumar,&nbsp;Hisham A. Abdelrahman","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02001-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02001-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The primary objective is to select an appropriate aerator that maximizes the benefits while minimizing the operational costs of the aeration system in aquaculture operations. The choice of suitable aerators significantly impacts the cost of aquaculture operations. Therefore, this study focuses on the economic analysis of the paddle wheel aerator (PWA) and its modified counterpart, the spiral aerator (SA). The efficiency of the PWA and SA was assessed with respect to rotational speed (<i>N</i>), based on the efficiency a comparative economic analysis was conducted. The economics of aerators depends on the various pond sizes, initial dissolved oxygen (DO), and aerators running hours. Therefore, the total aeration cost for the chosen aerators was determined at various pond volumes (100, 200, 300, 700, 1000, 5000, and 10,000 m³ with depth of water 1.0 m) and initial DO of pond water denoted as <i>C</i>_<i>P</i> = 1 to 4 mg/L. According to market rates, the primary cost for PWA was ₹32,000, while that for SA was ₹42,000. From the findings, pond sizes in the range of 100 to 10,000 m³ PWA are more economical than SA. Therefore, a new selection method of economically feasible aerators in aquaculture pond was developed in this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}