Aquaculture International最新文献

{"title":"Influence of different stocking densities on growth performance, water quality, immunological responses, and physiological status of Anabas testudineus fingerlings reared in a biofloc-based production system","authors":"Pratap Chandra Das,&nbsp;Pushpa Choudhary,&nbsp;Shajahan Ferosekhan,&nbsp;Rakhi Kumari,&nbsp;Himanshu Sekhar Swain","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02254-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02254-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Growth performance, immune responses, antioxidant activities, biochemical and stress parameters were studied for <i>Anabas testudineus</i> fingerlings’ production in a biofloc system (BFT) for the rearing period of 70 days at four varied stocking densities—250 (Control), 500 (T1), 750 (T2) and 1000 (T3) fry m⁻³. Floc development in treatment tanks was promoted by adding wheat flour (carbon supplements: C:N—15:1), along with CIBAFLOC™ (probiotic), while no carbon or probiotic source was added to the control. Fish were fed with a commercial diet (32% protein; 6% lipid). Survival remained above 85% across all treatments. However, varied densities significantly influenced the growth parameters (length, weight, weight gain, SGR % and biomass yield), with control exhibiting the highest values (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Water quality parameters across all tanks were within acceptable limits for <i>Anabas</i>, while BFT treatments showed better stability of these parameters than the control. A whole-body composition analysis revealed similar crude protein and lipid levels across the densities. Digestive enzyme activities (amylase, protease and lipase) declined with increasing density, suggesting stress-induced metabolic changes. Skin mucosal immune parameters including lysozyme activity and total protein were significantly higher in T1 and T2 groups, indicating enhanced immunity. Also, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and all the hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly higher in T1 and T2 groups, suggesting improved resilience to oxidative stress. In contrast, fingerlings in T3 exhibited suppressed immuno- and antioxidant responses, indicating the threshold limit of this density to compromise growth and immunity. These results suggest that a moderate stocking density of up to 750 fry m⁻³ (T2) is suggested for fingerling production of <i>A. testudineus</i> in a biofloc-based system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic bioeconomic approach for optimum design of aquaculture investment projects: case of stocking density, rotation time, and production scale for eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica farming in Yucatan, Mexico","authors":"Alfredo Hernández-Llamas,&nbsp;Magda E. Domínguez-Machín,&nbsp;Álvaro Hernández-Flores,&nbsp;Miguel A. Vela-Magaña","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02231-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02231-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A stochastic bioeconomic approach is introduced to optimize the design of aquaculture investment projects. Eastern oyster (<i>Crassostrea virginica</i>) farming in Yucatan, Mexico, serves as a case study using stocking density, rotation time, and production scale as decision variables for design optimization. The results from the Monte Carlo simulation and an optimization algorithm revealed that the maximum mean internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV) were 29.8% and US$69,947.63, respectively, and the optimum design was obtained by covering 78% of the area of rearing gear (NESTIER©-type trays), 21-week rotation time (2.5 crops/year), and planting 426,000 juveniles. A pilot project was projected for a production scale of 338,000 planted juveniles, where a minimum attraction rate of return (13.15%) is expected. The mean net profit over production costs was US$31,543.47 under the optimum scenario, requiring the production of 23,300 dozen oysters. Considering the optimal rotation time, the total annual net profit and production are US$78,858.6 and 58,250 dozen, respectively. The sensitivity analyses revealed that oyster prices and the recruitment process to oyster commercial populations primarily affected net profit, whereas stocking density and production scale had similar effects on the IRR. Optimizing the design of an aquaculture project is a complex problem involving careful balancing of multiple biological, operational, and economic aspects. This study demonstrates that a stochastic bioeconomic approach and optimization algorithms are effective tools for comprehensively addressing such complexity. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced transfer learning and federated intelligence for cross-species adaptability in intelligent recirculating aquaculture systems","authors":"Ashwaq M. Alnemari,&nbsp;Wael M. Elmessery,&nbsp;Péter Szűcs,&nbsp;Mohamed Hamdy Eid,&nbsp;Wael Abdel-Moneim Omar,&nbsp;Atef Fathy Ahmed,&nbsp;Abdallah Elshawadfy Elwakeel","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02212-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02212-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) represent a promising solution for sustainable fish production, but their commercial viability is hampered by a critical barrier: adapting intelligent control systems to new fish species requires extensive, species-specific data collection and lengthy retraining periods (45–60 days). This challenge creates significant economic and operational hurdles for multi-species facilities, limiting their flexibility to adapt to market demands. This study addresses this fundamental limitation by introducing a novel framework that integrates transfer learning and federated intelligence to enable rapid, cost-effective, cross-species adaptation of deep reinforcement learning controllers. Building on our previous work with deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), we developed a modular neural architecture with species-agnostic and species-specific components. The system was validated across five distinct RAS configurations using three commercially important species: tilapia, rainbow trout, and European sea bass. The framework achieved 87.3% of optimal performance for a new species with just 14 days of adaptation data, a dramatic improvement over traditional approaches. Furthermore, the federated learning implementation enabled continuous, privacy-preserving model improvement across multiple facilities, demonstrating a 23.5% collective performance improvement over individually trained systems. Economic analysis confirmed the framework’s commercial viability, with adaptation costs 76% lower than developing new species-specific systems and a projected return on investment of 4–14 months. This research advances adaptive intelligent systems for aquaculture, offering a scalable and economically viable approach to precision RAS management. By significantly reducing implementation barriers, this work paves the way for wider commercial adoption, supporting the sustainable intensification required to meet global protein demands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-025-02212-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary humic acid supplementation on survival, immune response, and gut microbiota in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) challenged with Lactococcus garvieae","authors":"Edén Vladimir Gaitán-Morado,&nbsp;Ruth Escamilla-Montes,&nbsp;Antonio Luna-González,&nbsp;Jesús A. Fierro-Coronado,&nbsp;Genaro Diarte-Plata,&nbsp;Rodolfo Pérez-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02238-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02238-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aquaculture is a cornerstone in protein production with the cultivation of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>), but it has faced challenges from pathogens such as the emerging bacterium <i>Lactococcus garvieae.</i> Humic acid (HA) was used as a prophylactic measure to evaluate its effect on the intestinal microbiota, immune system, and survival in tilapia challenged with <i>L. garvieae</i> under laboratory conditions. Four concentrations of HA were tested in feed over 83 days. The intestinal microbiota was analyzed in treatment IV (1.0 g/kg of feed) and control through 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3). Liver and gill tissue were collected for immune system gene expression analysis (COX-2, TGF, IL-1B, and TNF-α) through real-time qPCR methods. On day 71, the fish were inoculated by immersion with <i>L. garvieae</i> (CL₅₀ = 8.5 × 10⁵ CFU/mL). Gene expression in the liver (COX-2 and TNF-α) and gills (COX-2, TGF-β, and IL-1β) increased significantly in treatment IV. <i>Cetobacterium</i> was among the most abundant genera in the tilapia gut. Fusobacteriota (phylum) and the genera <i>Aeromonas</i>, <i>Rhodobacter</i>, <i>Gemobacter</i>, and <i>Ideonella</i> were enriched in HA, whereas the phylum Patescibacteria and genera <i>Pelomonas</i>, <i>Nitrobacter</i>, and <i>Clostridioides</i> decreased significantly. Dietary HA supplementation significantly altered gut microbiota diversity and the interaction network core. Humic acid supplementation significantly improved tilapia survival against <i>L. garvieae</i> by enhancing immune gene expression and modulating gut microbiota—enriching Fusobacteriota and beneficial genera (<i>Rhodobacter</i>, <i>Ideonella</i>) while reducing pathogens (<i>Pelomonas</i>, <i>Clostridioides</i>). These findings support HA as a prophylactic alternative against lactococcosis in Nile tilapia (<i>O. niloticus</i>) farming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitigates glyphosate-induced oxidative stress, immunotoxicity and apoptosis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Zizy I. Elbialy,&nbsp;Abdallah S. Salah,&nbsp;Israa A. Elahwl,&nbsp;Ahmed Elsheshtawy,&nbsp;Mona Assas,&nbsp;Alaa Abdelatty,&nbsp;Doaa H. Assar","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02247-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02247-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (SC) has emerged as a promising probiotic in aquafeeds for enhancing fish growth, health and resilience to environmental stressors. This study investigated the physiological, biochemical, histological and molecular effects of dietary SC supplementation in Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>), under normal conditions and following glyphosate (GLY) challenge. Ninety fish (7.93 ± 0.026 g) were randomly allocated into two dietary groups (basal diet and basal diet supplemented with 4 g/kg SC) in triplicate for eight weeks. Following the feeding trial, each group was subdivided into unchallenged and GLY-challenged subgroups (0.6 mg/L; 3.55 μM). SC supplementation significantly improved final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio, accompanied by upregulation of hepatic insulin-like growth factor 1 (<i>igf1</i>) and downregulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1a (<i>igfbp1a</i>) and myostatin (<i>mstn</i>). GLY exposure induced hepatic and renal dysfunction, reflected by elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea and creatinine, disrupted Lipid and protein profiles, and provoked oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, evident by suppressed nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (<i>nrf2</i>), superoxide dismutase (<i>sod</i>), lysozyme (<i>lyz</i>), and complement 3 (<i>c3</i>), alongside upregulation of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (<i>keap1</i>), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (<i>tnfα</i>), cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (<i>cas3</i>) and cysteine-aspartic acid protease 9 (<i>cas9</i>). Histopathological examination confirmed GLY-induced damage in gills, liver and intestinal tissues. Notably, SC supplementation ameliorated these detrimental effects, preserving tissue integrity and restoring molecular and biochemical parameters. These findings highlight the potential of SC as a functional feed additive to enhance performance and mitigate glyphosate-induced toxicity in Nile tilapia, supporting sustainable and resilient aquaculture practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-025-02247-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145169628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of dietary lysine levels on growth performance and protein metabolism in male Eriocheir sinensis under integrated rice-crab co-culture system","authors":"Liu Yihao,&nbsp;Chen Tongbo,&nbsp;Wang Shuang,&nbsp;Wang Wenjin,&nbsp;Liu Hong-jian,&nbsp;Yang Zhinan,&nbsp;Yang liang,&nbsp;Wu Min,&nbsp;Wang Qiu-ju","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02207-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02207-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Chinese mitten crab (<i>E. sinensis</i>) is valued in China for its high nutritional value. Due to the lack of specifically formulated feed, crab farming in Jilin Province, China, faces challenges of poor growth and low survival rates. Crabs were divided into five dietary lysine (Lys) level groups: 1.2%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2.1%, and 2.3% (the analyzed dietary Lys concentrations were 1.19%, 1.50%, 1.78%, 2.07%, and 2.38% for groups Lys1, Lys2, Lys3, Lys4, and Lys5, respectively). From June to August, we investigated the effects of dietary Lys levels on growth performance and protein metabolism in male <i>E. sinensis</i> under an integrated rice-crab co-culture (RC) system. Results showed that the Lys4 group exhibited the highest weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Muscle total amino acids (TAA) and essential amino acid (EAA) concentrations were highest in Lys2, whereas Lys concentration peaked in Lys3. The essential-to-total amino acid ratio (EAA/TAA) was maximized in Lys4 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Gonadal crude fat content peaked in Lys2, whereas crude protein reached its maximum in Lys3 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Hepatopancreatic crude fat content was highest in Lys4 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Protein metabolism–related enzymes differed significantly: alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was highest in Lys3, while acid phosphatase (ACP) peaked in Lys2. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) activities were significantly elevated in Lys4 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity was significantly increased in Lys3 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was also significantly elevated in both Lys3 and Lys4. Total carnitine content peaked in Lys3. Based on these findings, the optimal dietary Lys level for <i>E. sinensis</i> in the RC system is recommended at 1.78–2.07%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of selected compounds against Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in shrimps: an in silico and in vitro approach","authors":"Matthe Tej Kamal,&nbsp;Neela Satheesh,&nbsp;Saurabh Sharma,&nbsp;Aditya Parmar","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02249-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02249-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shrimp aquaculture plays an essential role in meeting the growing global demand for seafood, supporting nutritional security and economic livelihoods. However, its sustainability is increasingly jeopardized by <i>Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei</i> (EHP), a microsporidian parasite responsible for <i>Hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis</i>, which leads to growth retardation in farmed shrimp. Existing disease management strategies remain largely ineffective, lacking targeted therapeutics and relying heavily on labour-intensive practices. This study aimed to identify a feed-based intervention through a combined in silico and in vitro evaluation of three compounds, sulphadimethoxine, benzophenone and sorbitol, targeting the β-tubulin protein in shrimp. Molecular dynamics simulations over 200 ns confirmed the structural stability of the sulphadimethoxine β-tubulin complex, with root mean square deviation stabilizing at approximately 50 ns and maintaining a value of ~ 0.21 nm. The root mean square fluctuation analysis revealed minimal fluctuations (~ 0.2–.3 nm) at critical residues, indicating strong local stability. Hydrogen bond analysis showed sulphadimethoxine formed up to 4 bonds during the simulation, suggesting moderate yet sustained interaction, in contrast to benzophenone (0–2 bonds) and sorbitol (0–3 bonds). The in vitro study revealed that sulphadimethoxine supplementation at 3–5% concentrations significantly enhanced shrimp growth from 18.4 ± 0.9 g to 26.1 ± 0.1 g in weight and from 12.6 ± 0.6 to 16.0 ± 0.5 cm in length over 45 days. The shrimps treated with the sulphadimethoxine reported the EHP negative. These findings highlight sulphadimethoxine as a promising, feed-based candidate for EHP control and growth enhancement in shrimp aquaculture. Integrating computational modelling with experimental validation presents a novel and sustainable alternative to traditional pond management, offering scalable benefits to shrimp producers worldwide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermented fish silage-based cost-effective farm made feed as an alternate to conventional formulated feed for Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): effects on growth performance, feed utilization, whole-body composition, and economic efficiency","authors":"Oimps Lunghar,&nbsp;Kondusamy Ambasankar,&nbsp;Sivaramakrishnan Thirugnanamurthy,&nbsp;Natarajan Lalitha,&nbsp;Mohamed Saquib Naveed","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02255-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02255-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 45-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of farm-made feed (FMF) containing fermented fish silage (FFS) on the growth, production efficiency, and health of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) fingerlings (15 ± 0.30 g). The FFS used in the study contained 11.62% crude protein and 3.36% lipid and was a good source of lysine (4.49%), glutamic acid (4.57%), and aspartic acid (3.89%). A conventional formulated feed (CFF, 27% protein and 4.50% lipid) served as the control diet, while three test diets were prepared with FFS at 50%, 60%, and 70% inclusion levels. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design using 12 350-L circular FRP tanks, each stocked with 10 fish, with three replicates per treatment. Results indicated that fish fed CFF showed the highest (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) weight gain (27 g) and the best feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.40). Among the FFS-based diets, FFS60 produced significantly better performance (WG, 17.60 g; FCR, 1.66; feed intake, 50.26 g) than FFS50 and FFS70. The FFS70 group showed reduced growth and a higher FCR compared to the other FFS-fed groups. Whole body proximate composition varied significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) among treatments for crude protein, crude lipid, total ash, and nitrogen-free extract. Economic analysis revealed that the FFS60 diet achieved the lowest feed cost per kg weight gain (₹63.53). Overall, FFS60 demonstrated an optimal balance between growth performance and affordability, indicating that a 60% inclusion level of FFS in farm-made feeds is a cost-effective alternative to costly commercial feeds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of dietary phospholipid level and bile salt supplementation on larval performance of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)","authors":"Joachim Larsen Marthinsen,&nbsp;Kjell Inge Reitan,&nbsp;Rolf Erik Olsen,&nbsp;Keshuai Li,&nbsp;Bruno Nunes,&nbsp;Richard Hasan Bjørklund,&nbsp;Elin Kjørsvik","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02236-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02236-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lipid nutrition in Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) larvae remains poorly understood, which poses challenges for optimizing commercial diets for cod larviculture. This study investigated the effects of two dietary phospholipid (PL) levels (~ 6 vs. 7 % dry matter, dm) and bile salt (BS) supplementation (0 vs. 0.04 % dm) on growth, survival, skeletal development and anomalies, and biochemical composition of cod larvae. A 2×2 factorial design was applied using four isolipidic and isoproteic formulated diets during co-feeding (17–34 days post-hatching, dph) and until termination of the experiment at 61 dph: high PL (HPL), high PL with BS (HPL-BS), low PL (LPL) and low PL with BS (LPL-BS). While final body sizes did not differ among the groups, larvae fed high-PL diets showed slightly higher specific growth rates and more ossified dorsal and anal fins and vertebrae, implying improved skeletal development. Larvae fed low-PL diets contained more n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including 22:6 n-3 and 20:5 n-3, in their triacylglycerols, possibly due to lower capacity to utilize these fatty acids for growth and development. Supplementation of BS had no clear effects, suggesting that lipid digestibility in cod larvae is not limited by endogenous BS from the Liver and that dietary BS is unnecessary in diets with 22 % dm lipid, of which 61–68 % are neutral lipids. Our findings emphasize the importance of including adequate amounts of PLs in cod larval diets, while the role of dietary BS requires further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10499-025-02236-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical profile of extracts from wild and farmed Chondrosia reniformis sponges","authors":"Maria João Nunes,&nbsp;Despoina Varamogianni-Mamatsi,&nbsp;Vanda Marques,&nbsp;Thekla I. Anastasiou,&nbsp;Eirini Kagiampaki,&nbsp;Emmanouela Vernadou,&nbsp;Thanos Dailianis,&nbsp;Nicolas Kalogerakis,&nbsp;Luís C. Branco,&nbsp;Cecília M. P. Rodrigues,&nbsp;Rita G. Sobral,&nbsp;Manolis Mandalakis,&nbsp;Susana P. Gaudêncio","doi":"10.1007/s10499-025-02246-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-025-02246-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aquaculture is increasingly regarded as a sustainable approach to meet the rising demand for marine-derived products. The sponge <i>Chondrosia reniformis</i>, still under-investigated, has emerged as a promising candidate for farming owing to its ability to produce valuable primary and secondary metabolites. In addition to its richness in collagen, the bioactive fatty acids and secondary metabolites of this species present significant potential for applications in biomedicine, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, while also supporting valuable bioremediation functions. This study investigates the cultivation prospects of <i>C. reniformis</i> by comparing the chemical profiles of wild and farmed sponges using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) with a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approach. Extracts from both sponge populations were predominantly composed of fatty acids, primary metabolites known for diverse bioactivities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimalarial, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical applications. Among these, 2-hydroxydocosanoic acid, arachidic acid, 2-hydroxytetracosanoic acid, oleic acid, and 15-methyl-9-hexadecenoic acid accounted for the majority of the fatty acid profile. Additionally, the sponge groups contained bioactive secondary metabolites, including the sesquiterpene quinone puupehenone and the diterpene lactone jaspisamide A. Farmed specimens exhibited greater chemical consistency, whereas wild specimens displayed higher chemical variability. Our findings reveal the metabolic similarities and differences between wild and farmed sponges, indicating that mariculture can optimize metabolite yields while ensuring sustainable production. <i>C. reniformis</i> thus emerges as a promising model for integrated aquaculture, offering ecological restoration benefits and a steady supply of high-value biomolecules as an alternative to wild harvesting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145110503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}