Aquaculture International最新文献

{"title":"Combinatorial effect of hesperidin, quercetin and L-carnitine on feed intake and growth of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings reared at low temperature","authors":"Kinnera Tejaswini,&nbsp;Ashutosh D. Deo,&nbsp;Nazeemashahul Shamna,&nbsp;Manish Jayant,&nbsp;Md. Aklakur,&nbsp;Saiprasad Bhusare,&nbsp;Naveen S. Krishnamenan","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02701-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02701-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the effects of dietary hesperidin (H, 0.5 g kg⁻¹), quercetin (Q, 5 g kg⁻¹) and L-carnitine and their combinations, on feed intake and growth performance of <i>Labeo rohita</i> fingerlings reared at low temperature (18.29 ± 1.34 °C) for 60 days. Eight isonitrogenous (300.0 g kg⁻¹) and isocaloric (16.10 MJ kg⁻¹) practical diets were formulated as control (Con) (without metabolic modifier), T_H (0.5 g kg⁻¹), T_Q (5.0 g kg⁻¹), T_C (5.0 g kg⁻¹), T_C+H (5.0 + 0.5 g kg⁻¹), T_C+Q (5.0 + 5.0 g kg⁻¹), T_H+Q (0.25 + 2.5 g kg⁻¹), and T_C+H+Q (5.0 + 0.25 + 2.5 g kg⁻¹). The results showed that dietary inclusion of hesperidin, quercetin, and their combination with L- carnitine significantly improved feed intake and growth performance indices compared to the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), with maximum growth observed in T_H group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) among the treatments. Fish received T_H and T_H+Q diets exhibited significantly higher protease and lipase activities, respectively (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) compared to other treatments, while both T_C, T_C+H groups showed enhanced amylase activity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Activity of hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase was significantly improved in T_C, T_C+H, T_C+Q, T_C+H+Q groups, while muscle lipoprotein lipase was maximum in T_H+Q and T_C+H+Q groups among dietary treatments. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities were significantly improved in dietary treatments compared to control. Hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities were increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) T_H+Q group compared to the control group. Overall, the findings indicate that dietary supplementation of hesperidin, quercetin, and L-carnitine, either alone or in combination, positively influences feed intake and metabolic responses of rohu reared at low temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal and spatial drivers of microbial dynamics in the shell-boring conchocelis of Pyropia yezoensis","authors":"Yanju Liu,&nbsp;Jinfeng Wang,&nbsp;Zhengfei Yu,&nbsp;Guangping Xu,&nbsp;Qinqin Lu,&nbsp;Chuanming Hu,&nbsp;Xiangyu Guan","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02703-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02703-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Pyropia yezoensis</i> is an economically important marine alga, and its shell-boring conchocelis phase is crucial for spore production and mariculture. Epiphytic microbial communities may influence the growth, development, and maturation of the conchocelis. This study examined the conchocelis and seawater samples collected in summer and autumn from the Nantong and Yancheng regions of China, based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and environmental factor testing. The spatiotemporal dynamics of epiphytic microorganisms during the conchocelis cultivation were tracked here. The results indicated that, compared to geographical location, the microbial communities of the conchocelis were more strongly influenced by seasonal variations. Microbial community diversity peaked in summer, and its community structure differed significantly from that of the surrounding seawater. Beta nearest taxon index analyses indicated that the community assembly was predominantly governed by stochastic processes, suggesting a high degree of ecological randomness. Approximately 6.79% of microbial taxa were identified as persistent core members, mainly including 11 core microorganisms including genus <i>Pseudoalteromonas</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i>, which were associated with Cl⁻, Ca²⁺, K⁺ and NO₃⁻. While it is hypothesized that some core microorganisms may have the potential to produce plant hormones and metabolic products, which may provide possibilities for developing stable and high-efficiency microbial communities for conchocelis propagation, this hypothesis warrants further investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of coffee pulp (Coffea arabica) on growth performance, immunity, gene expression, and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in biofloc system","authors":"Hien Van Doan,&nbsp;Toungporn Uttarotai,&nbsp;Supreya Wannavijit,&nbsp;Punika Ninyamasiri,&nbsp;Khambou Tayamath,&nbsp;Tran Thi Diem Quynh,&nbsp;Orranee Srinual,&nbsp;Thanongsak Chaiyaso,&nbsp;Panumat Piosinsak,&nbsp;Pimporn Khamtavee,&nbsp;Wanaporn Tapingkae,&nbsp;Einar Ringø","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02686-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02686-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the effects of dietary coffee pulp powder (CPP) on growth performance, immune response, gene expression, and intestinal microbial communities in Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>). A total of 300 juveniles (initial body weight: 15.24 ± 0.05 g) were randomly allocated into five dietary treatments containing 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 g kg⁻¹ CPP in a completely randomized design, with three replicate tanks per treatment, and fed for 8 weeks. Fish fed CPP-supplemented diets exhibited significant improvements (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in growth performance and selected immune parameters, with the highest values observed at 10 g kg⁻¹. Gene expression analysis indicated that CPP supplementation was associated with modulation of transcripts associated with growth regulation (<i>ghrelin</i>, <i>galanin, ef-α</i>, and <i>npy-α</i>), immune function (<i>il-1β</i>, <i>mhc ii-α</i>, <i>nfκb</i>, and <i>tnf-α</i>), and antioxidant defense (<i>hsp70</i>, <i>gpx</i>, and <i>nrf2</i>), suggesting immune modulation and physiological regulation rather than unequivocal immune enhancement. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that CPP was associated with changes in microbial diversity and composition. Alpha diversity indices were generally higher in the CPP10 group, while beta diversity analysis showed partial clustering with notable overlap among treatments, although PERMANOVA detected significant differences between selected groups. At the phylum level, Fusobacteriota predominated, followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota, with variations across treatments. LEfSe and STAMP analyses further indicated treatment-specific shifts in bacterial taxa; however, these microbial patterns provide limited functional insight and should be interpreted cautiously in the absence of direct host–microbiome validation. Quadratic regression analysis estimated an optimal CPP inclusion range of 13.73–15.61 g kg⁻¹ for growth-related parameters under the present experimental conditions. Overall, dietary CPP supplementation, particularly at 10 g kg⁻¹, was associated with improved growth performance, immune-related responses, gene expression, and gut microbial composition in Nile tilapia reared under biofloc conditions. Further studies incorporating histological evaluation, oxidative stress biomarkers, and functional microbiome analyses are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating bioeconomic and system dynamics modelling to evaluate sustainability trade-offs in Indonesian lobster aquaculture","authors":"Syahrir,&nbsp; Yonvitner,&nbsp; Taryono,&nbsp;Rahmat Kurnia,&nbsp;Ario Damar,&nbsp;Irzal Effendi,&nbsp;Muhammad Qustam Sahibuddin,&nbsp;Rita Rostika,&nbsp;Andi Irwan Nur,&nbsp;Muhammad Haikal Abdurachman","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02682-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02682-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sustainable lobster aquaculture requires balancing economic performance with environmental sustainability, yet integrated approaches capable of evaluating these interactions remain limited. This study developed an integrated bioeconomic–system dynamics model to assess long-term sustainability trade-offs in Indonesian lobster aquaculture. The model was parameterized using standardized field data collected from the major lobster farming regions of Java, Lombok, and Sulawesi during 2022–2025 and simulated over a 10-year period under two management scenarios: baseline production and sustainability-oriented management. The baseline scenario yielded higher short-term profits and capital accumulation but also increased environmental pressure, resulting in lower long-term biomass and environmental quality. In contrast, the sustainability-oriented scenario maintained higher environmental quality and biological stocks while remaining economically viable despite moderately lower profits. Sensitivity analysis identified survival rate, environmental recovery rate, and environmental pressure coefficient as the principal leverage parameters governing long-term system performance, with model behaviour remaining robust across plausible parameter ranges. These findings demonstrate that integrating environmental feedbacks into production planning can improve long-term system resilience without compromising economic viability. The proposed framework provides a policy-level decision support tool for evaluating alternative management strategies under complex aquaculture conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based fish behavior recognition for intelligent aquaculture: progress, challenges, and future perspectives","authors":"Dezhong Qi,&nbsp;Longteng Xu,&nbsp;Linlin Sun,&nbsp;Bin Fan,&nbsp;Ming Gao","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02700-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02700-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fish behavior is an important external indicator of feeding demand, health status, environmental adaptability, and group relationships, and is of great significance for precision feeding, disease warning, water quality regulation, and aquaculture welfare assessment. With the development of aquaculture toward large-scale, intensive, and intelligent production, traditional manual observation methods can no longer meet the requirements of long-term, continuous, and objective monitoring. Owing to its advantages in feature extraction, temporal modeling, and complex scene analysis, deep learning has gradually become an important technical approach in fish behavior recognition research. This review focuses on the practical application needs of aquaculture and summarizes the research progress in deep learning-based fish behavior recognition. First, the data foundation and task characteristics of fish behavior recognition are reviewed from the perspectives of data sources, dataset construction, data preprocessing, behavior annotation, task types, and evaluation metrics. Then, the recognition methods and research status of feeding behavior, reproductive behavior, social interaction behavior, and abnormal behaviors related to health and environmental stress are summarized, and the applicability of image, video, audio, sonar, and multimodal fusion methods in different aquaculture scenarios is analyzed. Finally, the current limitations of this field are discussed, including insufficient public datasets, inconsistent behavior labels, weak robustness in complex environments, limited cross-species and cross-scenario generalization, and insufficient real-time deployment capability. Future directions are further proposed from the perspectives of standardized dataset construction, multimodal perception, lightweight models, domain adaptation, and closed-loop aquaculture decision-making. This review may support future research and practical applications of fish behavior recognition in intelligent aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated optimization of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) biofloc culture using ANP–PROMETHEE II: effects of carbon source, C/N ratio, and stocking density","authors":"Mert Minaz,&nbsp;Akif Er,&nbsp;Özay Köse,&nbsp;Kübra Ak,&nbsp;Züleyha Akpınar Emanet,&nbsp;Doğukan Kaya,&nbsp;Hüseyin Sevgili,&nbsp;Seyyed Morteza Hoseini","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02697-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02697-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the individual and interactive effects of carbon source, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and stocking density on the production performance, physiological status, tissue integrity, and economic efficiency of carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) reared in a biofloc-based system. The experiment included eight different groups in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial configuration consisting of combinations of two carbon sources (starch and molasses), two C/N ratios (10 and 20), and two stocking densities (8 and 16 kg/m³). Water quality, growth and feed conversion performance, somatic indices, hematological and biochemical indicators, antioxidant enzyme activities, carcass proximate composition, intestinal histomorphometry, liver histopathology, and unit partial variable cost were evaluated. To comprehensively evaluate eight culture scenarios, the weights of 48 criteria were determined using the Analytic Network Process, and alternatives were ranked using the PROMETHEE II method. While basic water quality conditions were generally maintained among the groups, significant differences emerged in terms of growth, stress, antioxidant status, histological structure, and cost. The C/N 10 with molasses and 16 kg/m³ combination showed the highest growth performance and the lowest unit partial variable cost. In contrast, C/N 20 with starch and 16 kg/m³ combination showed the most unfavorable physiological profile, with low growth, poor feed conversion ratio, high cortisol, glucose, and MDA levels, and severe liver necrosis and vacuolization. While the interactions between stocking density and C/N ratio were particularly decisive in intestinal histomorphometry, mucosal fold development and mucosal structure were found to be more favorable in some combinations using molasses. In the ANP–PROMETHEE II analysis, the combination of molasses, C/N 20, and 8 kg/m³ ranked first with a net outranking flow of 0.1764, exhibiting both the highest positive and lowest negative positive and negative outranking flows. The results demonstrate that biofloc operating conditions should be selected not solely on the basis of growth or cost, but through a holistic evaluation of environmental, physiological, histological, nutritional, and economic indicators, and that the molasses, C/N 20, and 8 kg/m³ combination constitutes the most balanced operating protocol for common carp farming in biofloc technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing triploid Pacific oyster breeding: environmental regulation of parental sex ratio and assessment of tetraploid ploidy stability","authors":"Geng Cheng,&nbsp;Shulei Jin,&nbsp;Zhiyang Cui,&nbsp;Yuanxin Liang,&nbsp;Chengxun Xu,&nbsp;Qi Li","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02687-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02687-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Triploids are widely produced in the oyster industry due to their advantages, including fast growth, strong environmental adaptability, and sterility. The large-scale production of triploid oysters relies on cross between female diploids and male tetraploids. In hatcheries, the yield of triploid seed depends on the gamete production of both diploid and tetraploid oysters. The study systematically compared the growth performance, survival rate, gamete production, and sex composition of diploid and tetraploid Pacific oyster <i>Crassostrea gigas</i> in two environmentally contrasting sites: Rongcheng (lower food availability) and Jiaonan (higher food availability). Additionally, ploidy stability in tetraploids was tracked at the individual level. Tetraploids exhibited lower shell height and cumulative survival rates compared to diploids, with the survival disadvantage being more pronounced in Rongcheng. Gamete production of tetraploids was significantly lower than that of diploids at both sites. Sex ratios showed strong environmental dependence: populations in Rongcheng were skewed towards males, while those in Jiaonan were skewed towards females, with tetraploids displaying more extreme sex bias. Similar to diploids, sex reversal also occurred in tetraploids, and the direction of sex reversal in both ploidy types was consistent with the food availability at the culture sites. Furthermore, the ploidy depression in tetraploids is characterized by a progressive transition of non-mosaic tetraploids into mosaic tetraploids, which ultimately convert to triploids. Although tetraploids exhibited gradual ploidy depression with extended culture time, the level of depression remained acceptable (triploid rates of 4–5% in 2-year-old groups). Based on these findings, this study proposes an optimized strategy for large-scale triploid production: rearing diploids in Jiaonan with higher food availability to maximize egg production, while transferring tetraploids to Rongcheng with lower food availability in the second year after first-year cultivation in Jiaonan to enhance the male ratio and sperm production. The research provides important theoretical and practical insights for achieving efficient and directed production of triploid oysters through environmental regulation of parental sex ratios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EP-YOLO: an efficient object detection method for microscopic images of fish parasites","authors":"Qiuxian Wu,&nbsp;Zhikang Lin,&nbsp;Junquan Lin,&nbsp;Ting Wu,&nbsp;Shengduo Chen,&nbsp;XueMei Zhai,&nbsp;Ling Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02695-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02695-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During mandarin fish aquaculture, parasite infection can cause tissue damage, growth retardation, and secondary infections, thereby seriously affecting farming productivity and disease control. Traditional microscopic examination methods suffer from low detection efficiency and strong dependence on manual experience, making them inadequate for rapid screening in large-scale aquaculture. To address this issue, this study focuses on two genus-level parasite categories of practical relevance to disease control in mandarin fish farming: <i>Dactylogyrus</i> spp. and <i>Trichodina</i> spp., and proposes an improved single-stage object detection model, termed EP-YOLO, for parasite detection in microscopic images. Based on YOLO11n, the proposed model introduces three key improvements: (1) LCG-Block, which enhances parasite-related texture and structural feature representation while suppressing pseudo-texture interference in complex backgrounds; (2) LGFPN, a lightweight global feature pyramid network that strengthens semantic-localization interaction across different feature scales through multi-source feature aggregation and cross-scale short-path compensation; and (3) EP2-Head, which integrates semantically constrained gated fusion with lightweight high-resolution detection to compensate for fine-grained spatial information while controlling the additional computational overhead introduced by the high-resolution branch, thereby balancing tiny-target detection performance and computational efficiency. Experimental results show that EP-YOLO achieves an mAP_@0.5 of 93.0% and an mAP_@0.5:0.95 of 64.3% on a self-constructed microscopic image dataset of mandarin fish parasites, representing improvements of 3.1 and 2.6 percentage points, respectively, over the baseline YOLO11n. Compared with several mainstream detection models, EP-YOLO demonstrates favorable detection performance and a good overall balance while maintaining relatively low model complexity. The proposed method can provide technical support for microscope-assisted detection and rapid screening of parasites in mandarin fish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulatory effects of Eucalyptus globulus oil on growth, antioxidant competence, immune function, inflammatory signaling, and molecular alteration in Clarias gariepinus","authors":"Fatma Mahsoub,&nbsp;Ahmed Saud Alsaqufi,&nbsp;Abdallah Tageldein Mansour,&nbsp;Sameh A. Abdelnour","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02694-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02694-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates the multifaceted effects of <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> oil (EGO) on African catfish (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>), focusing on growth performance, hemato-biochemical parameters, immunocompetence, antioxidant status, inflammatory signaling pathways, and gene expression. A total of 240 fish were randomly distributed into four experimental groups in triplicate (<i>n</i> = 20 fish per replicate): a control group fed a basal diet (EGOf) and three treatment groups fed diets supplemented with 1, 2, or 4 mL/kg of EGO (EGO1, EGO2, and EGO4, respectively). Dietary supplementation with EGO significantly increased final body weight across all treatment levels (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), with the highest growth performance recorded in the EGO2 and EGO4 groups. Furthermore, all EGO-supplemented groups demonstrated significantly enhanced blood protein profiles (albumin and total protein) and reduced hepatic enzyme activities (AST, ALT, and GGT) relative to the control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Catfish fed EGO-supplemented diets exhibited significantly lower lipid profiles (TC, TG, and LDL), as well as marked reductions in stress-related indicators (cortisol and glucose) and oxidative stress markers (MDA and myeloperoxidase) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, immune parameters (IgM and IgG) and antioxidant enzyme activities (GPx, catalase, and SOD) were significantly elevated in response to EGO inclusion (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were significantly downregulated compared to the control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Digestive enzyme activities were significantly higher in all EGO-supplemented groups compared to the control group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). At the molecular level, dietary EGO significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of antioxidant genes (<i>SOD1</i> and <i>GPX1</i>) while markedly suppressing the expression of the apoptotic marker <i>Caspase-3</i> (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> oil serves as an effective nutritional additive that enhances growth performance, immune competence, and antioxidant capacity in <i>C. gariepinus</i> while maintaining hepatic and intestinal homeostasis. These findings suggest that dietary EGO can be used as a sustainable, and bioactive feed additive capable of optimizing physiological health and production efficiency in aquaculture systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating non-lethal and oxidative stress biomarkers to evaluate the effects of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis FI99 supplementation in plant-based diets for meagre","authors":"Joana Oliveira,&nbsp;Raquel Ribeiro,&nbsp;Cláudia Raposo de Magalhães,&nbsp;Raquel Carrilho,&nbsp;Pedro M. Rodrigues,&nbsp;Mónica Carrera,&nbsp;Manuel Pazos,&nbsp;Paula Borrajo,&nbsp;Gabriela Gonçalves,&nbsp;Rafaela Santos,&nbsp;Cláudia Serra,&nbsp;Paula Enes,&nbsp;Pedro Pousão-Ferreira,&nbsp;Aires Oliva-Teles,&nbsp;Ana Couto","doi":"10.1007/s10499-026-02684-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10499-026-02684-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Probiotics in aquafeeds have gained attention as a promising strategy to enhance sustainability, efficiency, and welfare in aquaculture. This study evaluated the effect of dietary probiotic supplementation on physiological and biochemical responses of meagre (<i>Argyrosomus regius</i>) fed plant-based diets. Four experimental diets were tested: a control (CTRL), with 20% fishmeal and 14% fish oil, and three plant-based (PB) diets, where fish meal and fish oil were replaced by 50%: one without probiotics (PB0) and two supplemented with <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> FI99 at 1 × 10⁹ CFU kg⁻¹ (PB1) and 5.5 × 10¹¹ CFU kg⁻¹ (PB2). Non-lethal samples and tissue-based biomarkers were used to assess immune status, oxidative stress, and protein profiles. Compared with CTRL, PB diets significantly reduced red blood cells and haematocrit, while total white blood cells decreased in all PB groups except PB2. Plasma peroxidase activity was higher in PB diets than CTRL, while plasma lactate decreased in probiotic-supplemented diets compared to PB0. PB groups had lower intestinal catalase activity and hepatic catalase and superoxide dismutase activity compared to CTRL. Hepatic catalase was higher in PB1 than other PB groups. Targeted proteomic analysis identified differentially abundant proteins in plasma (Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (fetuin-A), and Hemoglobin beta chain) and skin mucus (Hemoglobin subunit beta, Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, and Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor chain H3). Multivariate analysis effectively separated CTRL and PB groups, although probiotic effect was insufficient to discriminate them from PB0. Overall, results indicated that dietary supplementation with <i>B. subtilis</i> FI99 may improve meagre’s tolerance to plant-based diets; however, further studies are needed to understand probiotic effects and optimize inclusion levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8122,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture International","volume":"34 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}