Anaerobe最新文献

{"title":"Laboratory diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection: past, present and future","authors":"Frédéric Barbut ,&nbsp;Imane Mostaghat ,&nbsp;Muriel Ehmig ,&nbsp;Yasmine Roukoz-Diab ,&nbsp;Jeanne Couturier","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Clostridioides difficile</em> is a gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic enteropathogen responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical diseases ranging from mild diarrhoea to pseudomembranous colitis or toxic megacolon. It is the main cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea, but community-associated <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infections (CDI) have been increasingly reported in the past few years. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the methods and most recommended strategy, and a brief description of the main pitfalls and new developments in CDI diagnosis. Underdiagnosis still remains important due to a lack of physicians' awareness for CDI. Appropriate selection of stool samples, and implementation of rejection criteria at the lab level are essential to provide an accurate diagnosis of CDI. Methods used for the diagnosis are usually classified into 3 groups according to their targets: those detecting the presence of <em>C. difficile</em> (culture, enzyme immunoassays [EIA] for glutamate dehydrogenase [GDH]), those detecting free toxins in stools (EIA for toxins) and those detecting a toxigenic <em>C. difficile</em> strain (nucleic acid amplification test [NAAT], toxigenic culture). No stand-alone method can be used for the CDI diagnosis. The European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) recommends a two-step algorithm with a sensitive screening test (NAAT or GDH EIA). If the screening test is negative, the CDI diagnosis can be ruled out. If the screening test is positive, a second highly specific test targeting free toxins should be used, such as EIA for toxin A/B. Implementing this strategy enables a better accuracy of CDI diagnosis, thus improving patient's management and clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genus Fervidobacterium, its thermoenzymes and biotechnological potential: an integrative review","authors":"Bruna Kelly de Oliveira Silva ,&nbsp;José do Carmo Barbosa Neto ,&nbsp;Laisa Gabriele Batista de Jesus ,&nbsp;Fabrício Motteran ,&nbsp;Marcos Antonio De Morais Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Fervidobacterium</em> has only seven described species to date, namely <em>F. changbaicum</em>, <em>F. gondwanense</em>, <em>F. islandicum</em>, <em>F. nodosum</em>, <em>F. pennivorans</em>, <em>F. riparium</em> and <em>F. thailandense</em>. These species were first isolated from places with high thermal amplitude, such as hot springs and sites that originated from volcanic activity. With temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 90 °C, they are characteristically considered hyperthermophilic. This genus belongs to the phylum Thermotoga, composed of families of extremophilic organisms, that is, adapted to inhospitable environments. The genus is considered strictly anaerobic and heterotrophic and is widely reported in the literature regarding its biochemical machinery, as it produces a wide variety of enzymes capable of metabolising the most diverse carbon sources. It stands out for the degradation of mostly keratinolytic substrates, such as those composed of feathers of native birds. Therefore, this literature review aimed to gather information about the genus and its enzymology. There are few recent studies that outline the genus <em>Fervidobacterium</em> and the biotechnological and commercial potential added to the genus. The enzymes produced by these species are resistant to several detergents and organic solvents and have a high and remarkable thermal stability. Consequently, these microorganisms hold significant biotechnological potential across various industrial sectors and are also promising candidates for environmental remediation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation into breast infections caused by Actinomyces species","authors":"Karla Berry ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Marek ,&nbsp;Mairi MacLeod ,&nbsp;Abhijit M. Bal","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the management of <em>Actinomyces</em> breast infection. Eight different <em>Actinomyces</em> species were isolated from 26 patients during the study period (December 2018–November 2021). All tested isolates were susceptible (at standard or high dose) to penicillin and 75 % to clindamycin. Twenty-three patients had a history of smoking. Three had coexisting breast cancer. Prescribers need to be educated about the lack of activity of metronidazole on <em>Actinomyces</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile in hospitalised children in Cambodia","authors":"Lengsea Eng ,&nbsp;Kefyalew Addis Alene ,&nbsp;Deirdre A. Collins ,&nbsp;Su-Chen Lim ,&nbsp;Viso Srey ,&nbsp;Choeung Chea ,&nbsp;Sotera Yohn ,&nbsp;Setha Leng ,&nbsp;Archie C.A. Clements ,&nbsp;Thomas V. Riley","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Children may play an important role in disseminating <em>Clostridioides</em> (<em>Clostridium</em>) <em>difficile</em> within hospital and community settings. In many parts of the world, there has been a recent increase in interest in <em>C. difficile</em> infection (CDI) in paediatric populations.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of, risk factors for, and molecular types of <em>C. difficile</em> in hospitalised children in Cambodia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Stool samples were collected from children at the National Paediatric Hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, between June 2022 and March 2023, for <em>C. difficile</em> culture. Toxin gene PCR and PCR ribotyping were performed on all isolates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 122 hospitalised children recruited, <em>C. difficile</em> was identified in 47 (38.5 %). Toxigenic strains accounted for 25.5 % (12/47), with ribotype (RT) 012 the most predominant (7/12), followed by RTs 014/020 (3/12) and 017 (1/12). Non-toxigenic strains were dominated by RTs QX011, QX675 and 009/QX107. Novel strains represented 70 % (33/47) of isolates. Significant risk factors included antimicrobial use in the week before detection (OR = 5.15; 95 %CI: 1.125–21.21) and current use of other medications (OR = 13.02, 95 %CI: 1.32–128.67). Diarrhoea and abdominal pain were negatively associated with the presence of <em>C. difficile.</em></div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A high prevalence of <em>C. difficile</em> was found in hospitalised children, with a high proportion of non-toxigenic and novel strains. Larger studies are required with whole genome sequencing necessary for characterising novel strains and advancing molecular epidemiological research in Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102959"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of Bacteroides pyogenes infections: A combined analysis of 34 cases from a Japanese tertiary hospital and 29 cases from the literature","authors":"Tomonori Takano ,&nbsp;Haruka Koji ,&nbsp;Tadatomo Oyanagi ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Kunishima","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diseases such as cholangitis and sinusitis may be caused by <em>Bacteroides pyogenes</em>, frequently isolated from patients with underlying malignancies. Head and neck infections involving <em>B. pyogenes</em> have high recurrence rates and may require 1–3 months of antibiotic therapy. Careful monitoring and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing these infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteremia due to Hungatella effluvii in a patient with end-stage renal failure requiring hemodialysis: a case report and literature review of human infections caused by Hungatella spp.","authors":"Yukitaka Ito ,&nbsp;Yuri Tanaka ,&nbsp;Naomi Kaneko ,&nbsp;Mieko Yoshida ,&nbsp;Nobuhiko Joki","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Hungatella effluvii</em> infections in humans are rare. We report a case of <em>H. effluvii</em> bacteremia in a Japanese male with chronic kidney disease identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing after initial misidentification as <em>Clostridium</em> species. Despite treatment, the patient died of sepsis related to a nephrostomy catheter infection. A literature review suggests that <em>Hungatella</em> spp. infections may be associated with severe diseases, such as sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. This case highlights the difficulty in microbial identification, as biochemical methods were insufficient, requiring molecular biological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) revealed resistance to benzylpenicillin and moxifloxacin, consistent with prior reports. This is the third documented case of <em>H. effluvii</em> infection, emphasizing the need for accurate pathogen identification and AST to guide optimal treatment in rare infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) crude oil extract on Fusobacterium necrophorum of bovine origin","authors":"Jourdan E. Lakes ,&nbsp;Alexander W. Altman ,&nbsp;Mark A. Berhow ,&nbsp;Isabelle A. Kagan ,&nbsp;T.G. Nagaraja ,&nbsp;David L. Harmon ,&nbsp;Michael D. Flythe","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fusobacterium necrophorum</em> commonly causes liver abscesses in grain-finished beef, which is mitigated using antibiotics in feed. However, microbial resistance development necessitates exploration of antibiotic alternatives. Here we report the antimicrobial efficacy of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> L. (hemp) crude oil extract and its constituents on <em>Fusobacterium</em> species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of disc diffusion and Sensititre® Broth Microdilution methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Bacteroides fragilis group clinical isolates following the French guidelines","authors":"Gauthier Delvallez ,&nbsp;Laure Diancourt ,&nbsp;Julie Germond ,&nbsp;Pascal Campagne ,&nbsp;Bruno Dupuy","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the concordance between the disc diffusion test (DDT) and custom-designed Sensititre® Broth Microdilution plates and to estimate their respective sensitivity and specificity for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of <em>Bacteroides fragilis</em> group (BFG) clinical isolates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>AST was performed on 126 BFG isolates using both DDT and Sensititre® methods according to the 2024 CA-SFM guidelines. Cohen's kappa coefficients were used to assess concordance, while a Bayesian approach estimated sensitivity and specificity with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) for amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC), piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ), imipenem (IPM), clindamycin (CLI), metronidazole (MTR), and moxifloxacin (MXF).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cohen's kappa coefficients with 95 % CIs for AMC, PTZ, IPM, CLI, MTR, and MXF were 0.92 (0.85–1.00), 0.70 (0.56–0.83), 0.96 (0.92–1.00), 0.98 (0.94–1.00), 0.96 (0.89–1.00), and 0.70 (0.58–0.82), respectively. DDT demonstrated sensitivity &gt; 0.8 for all antibiotics, and specificity &gt; 0.8 except for PTZ (0.51; 0.37–0.65) and CLI (0.71; 0.58–0.82). Sensititre® exhibited sensitivity &gt; 0.9 for all antibiotics except for PTZ (0.86; 0.70–0.99), and specificity &gt; 0.9 except for MXF (0.88; 0.75–0.99).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>DDT and Sensititre® Broth Microdilution demonstrated strong concordance for most antibiotics. Predictive values estimated using Bayesian model showed that Sensititre® offered the highest overall sensitivity and specificity<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridioides difficile is a bacterial priority pathogen","authors":"Wiep Klaas Smits ,&nbsp;Kevin W. Garey ,&nbsp;Thomas V. Riley ,&nbsp;Stuart Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102965","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102965"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Lachnoanaerobaculum sanguinis sp. nov., isolated from a blood culture of an acute myeloid leukemia patient with chemotherapy-related bacteremia","authors":"Yumi Suenari ,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Matsubara ,&nbsp;Yuka Hiroshima ,&nbsp;Muhammad Reza Pahlevi ,&nbsp;Hiroka Shimada ,&nbsp;Yuto Ochi ,&nbsp;Naoto Okada ,&nbsp;Masami Sato ,&nbsp;Hideki Fujii ,&nbsp;Tomoko Sumitomo ,&nbsp;Hidehiro Kishimoto ,&nbsp;Akikazu Murakami","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study was to characterize and determine the classification of the novel strain TM49^T, isolated from a blood culture of a patient who developed bacteremia while receiving high-dose cytarabine chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The novel strain TM49^T was characterized at the species level through a polyphasic taxonomic analysis, incorporating morphological, physiological, biochemical, phylogenetic, and genome sequence analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain belonged to the genus <em>Lachnoanaerobaculum</em>. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain TM49^T was observed to be most similar to that of \"<em>Lachnoanaerobaculum gingivalis</em>\" strain ChDC B114^T (99.2 %). Strain TM49^T formed circular, glossy, slightly milky colonies with an undulate margin on BD™ Columbia Agar containing 5 % sheep blood after 48 h at 37 °C, exhibiting less spreading compared to species of the genus <em>Lachnoanaerobaculum</em>. The major fatty acids of strain TM49^T were C_16:0, C_14:0, C_18:1 ω9c DMA, and C_18:1 ω7c DMA. The draft genome sequence of strain TM49^T was 2,821,554 bp in length, with a G + C content of 36.4. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain TM49^T and “<em>L. gingivalis</em>” ChDC B114^T, <em>L. umeaense</em> CD3: 22^T, <em>L. orale</em> N1^T, and <em>L. saburreum</em> CCUG 28089^T were 52.2 %, 29.7 %, 26.2 %, and 24.5 %, respectively. The Orthologous Average Nucleotide Identity values between strain TM49^T and “<em>L. gingivalis</em>” ChDC B114^T, <em>L. umeaense</em> CD3: 22^T, <em>L. orale</em> N1^T, and <em>L. saburreum</em> CCUG 28089^T were 93.1 %, 84.9 %, 83.2 %, and 81.5 %, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Strain TM49^T (JCM 36186^T = DSM 116945^T) was found to be distinct from previously described species of the genus <em>Lachnoanaerobaculum</em>. Therefore, it is proposed as a new species, <em>Lachnoanaerobaculum sanguinis</em> sp. Nov., with strain TM49^T as the type strain (= JCM 36186^T = DSM 116945^T).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}