Anaerobe最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium botulinum in food products sold in Indian retail markets","authors":"Athira Vidyadharan,&nbsp;Arun Jyothi Puthiya Veettil,&nbsp;Athira Pulickal Santhosh,&nbsp;Kuttanapilly Velayudhan Lalitha,&nbsp;Toms Cheriyath Joseph","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Clostridium botulinum</em> and botulinum neurotoxins have been recognized as an important food safety hazard. The objective of this study was to screen the prevalence of <em>C. botulinum</em> and botulinum toxin in various food products sold in the retail markets of India.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A total of 236 food products collected from Indian retail markets were screened for preformed botulinum toxin using a mouse bioassay. This was followed by enrichment and isolation and further testing of isolates for botulinum toxin production using an additional mouse bioassay. A toxin neutralization test with type specific antitoxins, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and <em>BoNT</em> (botulinum neurotoxin) gene amplification confirmed the presence of <em>C. botulinum</em> and its toxin production potential.</div></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><div>Preformed botulinum toxin was not detected in any of the products. The overall prevalence of <em>C. botulinum</em> in the products was 11 %, but pure cultures of <em>C. botulinum</em> could be isolated only from 10 samples. The isolates were identified as <em>C. botulinum</em> type A, type B and type E based on toxin typing with type specific antitoxins and amplification of the botulinum neurotoxin (<em>BoNT)</em> gene. One of the isolates was designated as <em>C. botulinum</em> subtype A₁B. This is the first report of isolation of <em>C. botulinum</em> type E and subtype A₁B in seafood from India. The presence of <em>C. botulinum</em> in the products tested can be a significant public health hazard since the organism can grow when exposed to favourable conditions and can produce neurotoxin in the food.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare isolation of Parvimonas micra from cerebellar abscess in a patient with complex cyanotic heart disease","authors":"Praveen Ravichandran ,&nbsp;Ramit Kundu ,&nbsp;Rakhi Biswas ,&nbsp;Sathiaprabhu Anbazhagan","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Parvimonas micra</em> is a gram-positive coccus which is an obligate anaerobe. It is a commensal in the oropharyngeal cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. The genus <em>Parvimonas</em> has only a single species, <em>P. micra</em>. Although there are several reports of infections due to <em>P. micra</em> involving various body sites, cases of brain abscess due to this organism have been under-reported in the literature. Here we present a rare case of cerebellar abscess caused by <em>P. micra</em> in a nine-year-old boy with complex cyanotic heart disease<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An older man with Bifidobacterium breve bacteremia, a rare condition in adults: A case report","authors":"Miku Muramatsu ,&nbsp;Dai Akine ,&nbsp;Teppei Sasahara ,&nbsp;Takayuki Suzuki ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Tamura ,&nbsp;Takayuki Kaburagi ,&nbsp;Shinya Watanabe","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bifidobacterium breve</em> is an anaerobic, gram-positive rod commonly found in the human intestinal microbiota. While rarely associated with bacteremia, most cases occur in neonates receiving <em>B. breve</em>-containing probiotics. Here, we report a rare case of <em>B. breve</em> bacteremia in an 80-year-old man presenting in cardiopulmonary arrest, despite not taking <em>B. breve</em>-containing probiotics. Blood cultures identified <em>B. breve</em>, and an 18-day course of antibiotics resolved the bacteremia. The rarity of adult cases may reflect age-related microbiota shifts and potential underdiagnosis due to the limited accuracy of rapid identification kits used in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A metabolite dehydrogenase pathway represses sporulation of Clostridioides difficile","authors":"Daniela Wetzel ,&nbsp;Arshad Rizvi ,&nbsp;Adrianne N. Edwards ,&nbsp;Shonna M. McBride","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><em>Clostridioides difficile</em> is a major gastrointestinal pathogen that is transmitted as a dormant spore. As an intestinal pathogen, <em>C. difficile</em> must contend with variable environmental conditions, including fluctuations in pH and nutrient availability. Nutrition and pH both influence growth and spore formation, but how pH and nutrition jointly influence sporulation are not known. In this study, we investigated the dual impact of pH and pH-dependent metabolism on <em>C. difficile</em> sporulation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined the impacts of pH and the metabolite acetoin on <em>C. difficile</em> growth, gene expression, and sporulation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that expression of the predicted acetoin dehydrogenase operon, <em>CD0035-CD0039</em>, was pH-dependent and repressed by acetoin and pyruvate. Regulation of the <em>C. difficile CD0035-CD0039</em> locus is distinct from characterized orthologous systems and appears to involve a co-transcribed DeoR-family regulator, rather than a sigma⁵⁴-dependent activator. In addition, an <em>CD0036</em> null mutant produced significantly more spores and initiated sporulation earlier than the parent strain. However, unlike other Firmicutes, growth and culture density of <em>C. difficile</em> was not increased by acetoin availability or disruption of the dehydrogenase pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Together, these results indicate that acetoin, pH, and the <em>CD0036-CD0039</em> dehydrogenase pathway play important roles in nutritional repression of sporulation in <em>C. difficile</em>. However, the data do not support the involvement of the CD0036-CD0039 pathway in acetoin metabolism and acetoin is not a significant stationary phase energy source for <em>C. difficile</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile in subgingival biofilm of severe periodontitis","authors":"Isabela Leite de Oliveira Rosa,&nbsp;Eliane de Oliveira Ferreira,&nbsp;Ana Paula Vieira Colombo","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The oral cavity is the main gateway for the entry of <em>C. difficile</em> spores to the digestive tract. In conditions of poor oral hygiene and periodontal diseases, the dysbiotic oral microbiota may be a reservoir for several human pathogens. Here, we explored the prevalence of <em>C. difficile</em> in the oral microbiota of patients with severe periodontitis by the molecular detection of species specific genes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Subgingival biofilm, saliva and/or feces from 659 patients with gingivitis, periodontitis and no periodontal diseases were screened for the <em>tpi</em> and toxin A/B genes specific for <em>C. difficile</em> by multiplex PCR. Differences among groups were sought by the Chi-square test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall frequency of <em>C. difficile tpi</em> gene was 29 %, with a high detection of <em>tcd</em>B gene (44.8 %). Patients with periodontitis showed a greater prevalence of this gene in the biofilm than individuals with gingivitis and periodontal health (p = 0.001), particularly at more severe stages of disease (p &lt; 0.05). No toxin genes were detected in feces or biofilm from healthy patients, whereas &gt;70 % of the biofilm from patients with periodontal diseases were positive for these genes (p &lt; 0.001). Detection of <em>C. difficile tpi</em> gene in oral/fecal samples correlated with periodontal inflammation (p &lt; 0.05). A modest intra-individual agreement between <em>tpi</em> gene detection in feces and saliva was found within periodontitis patients (Kappa = 0.314; p = 0.003).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The high frequency of the <em>C. difficile</em> specific genes <em>tpi</em> and <em>tcd</em>B in the dysbiotic subgingival biofilm of advanced periodontitis could support the presence of the bacterium in this niche.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102955"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel competitive annealing-mediated isothermal amplification (CAMP)-based detection of epsilon toxin gene in Clostridium perfringens","authors":"A. Arun Prince Milton ,&nbsp;Torik Basar ,&nbsp;K. Srinivas ,&nbsp;Aleimo G. Momin ,&nbsp;Sabia Khan ,&nbsp;G. Bhuvana Priya ,&nbsp;Samir Das ,&nbsp;S. Ghatak ,&nbsp;K. Puro","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we developed a novel competitive annealing-mediated isothermal amplification (CAMP)-based assay for the detection of the <em>etx</em> gene, which encodes the epsilon toxin of <em>Clostridium perfringens</em>. The assay, performed at 60 °C for 60 min, demonstrated 100 % specificity and was 100 times more sensitive than endpoint PCR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a polymicrobial host-bacterial interface biofilm model for bacterial vaginosis","authors":"William Johnston,&nbsp;Ryan Kean","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterised by a polymicrobial biofilm forming on the vaginal epithelium. In this study, we have developed a host-pathogen model of BV to replicate disease. We demonstrated tissue colonisation by four key vaginal pathobionts that formed metronidazole tolerant biofilms, with subtle changes in cytotoxicity and inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic analysis and mobile genetic elements carriage of Clostridium perfringens type A","authors":"Yajun Jiang ,&nbsp;Haoran Zheng ,&nbsp;Lulu Bai,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Wang,&nbsp;Jiaxin Zhong,&nbsp;Wenzhu Zhang,&nbsp;Telong Xu,&nbsp;Yuanhang Pan,&nbsp;Jingjing Tang,&nbsp;Jinxing Lu,&nbsp;Bike Zhang,&nbsp;Yuan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore a comprehensive genomic analysis of <em>Clostridium perfringens</em> type A strains from diverse regions in China, investigating their virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) to inform strategies for infection control and resistance gene surveillance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted whole-genome sequencing on 168 <em>C. perfringens</em> type A strains from nine provinces in China (2016–2021). Previously described alpha-toxin (PLC) sequence typing for <em>C. perfringens</em> was used for comparisons with core genome multilocus sequence typing. Virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, and MGEs, including CRISPR/Cas, prophages, and plasmids of <em>C. perfringens</em> type A were investigated by molecular and bioinformatic methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PLC type II contained the largest number of isolates (n = 44). The same type strains were largely clustered in the same branches. Tetracycline resistance genes <em>tetA(P)</em> and <em>tetB(P)</em> had high prevalence in type A isolates. 395 prophages were predicted including 265 “incomplete,” 55 “questionable,” and 75 “intact” prophages. CRISPR/Cas systems were more common in isolates from humans (63 %) than in those from animals and food (52 % and 46 %, respectively). Fifty-seven percent of strains likely had the tcp conjugation locus (<em>tcpC</em> to <em>tcpH</em>), and 12 isolates likely carried the conjugative pCW3 plasmid. Type A strains exhibited fewer plasmid-encoded toxins.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>cgMLST analysis demonstrated some micro-evolution and regional transmission trends within type A, which exhibited partial correlated with PLC typing. This study highlights the need for enhanced surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity-associated MGEs in <em>C. perfringens</em> type A.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Clostridium species isolated from post-traumatic infections in a Costa Rican hospital","authors":"Mariela Alvarado-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Carlos Quesada-Gómez","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzed antimicrobial resistance in 119 <em>Clostridium</em> species isolates collected at a Costa Rican trauma hospital (2018–2022). Isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF, and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by E-test. <em>C. perfringens, C. tertium,</em> and <em>Paeniclostridium sordellii</em> were most prevalent species. All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, linezolid, and metronidazole; however, resistance rates of 20 % to vancomycin and 25 % to clindamycin were observed. <em>C. sphenoides</em> showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentration values. Based on these findings, empirical treatment strategies at the hospital now prioritize amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, linezolid, and metronidazole, while reducing reliance on clindamycin due to observed resistance patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culture performance of Fastidious Anaerobe Agar for frequently-encountered anaerobic bacteria, and potential application in EUCAST antimicrobial susceptibility testing","authors":"Katrine Agerbo Hovmand ,&nbsp;Ziyap Acar ,&nbsp;Emil Ainsworth Jochumsen ,&nbsp;Sanne Malig ,&nbsp;Jens Kjeldsen ,&nbsp;Dorte Kinggaard Holm ,&nbsp;Anna Christine Nilsson ,&nbsp;Torkell Ellingsen ,&nbsp;Maja Skov Kragsnaes ,&nbsp;Ulrik Stenz Justesen","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The culture performance of Fastidious Anaerobe Agar (FAA-HB) was evaluated for fecal samples and candidate-species for EUCAST antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Thirty-six anaerobic species were cultured from fecal samples and most EUCAST candidate-species exhibited confluent growth within 16–20 h. The FAA-HB performed excellent for both culture and AST of a broad spectrum of anaerobic bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}