Anaerobe最新文献

{"title":"The small acid-soluble proteins of spore-forming organisms: Similarities and differences in function","authors":"Hailee N. Nerber,&nbsp;Joseph A. Sorg","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The small acid-soluble proteins are found in all endospore-forming organisms and are a major component of spores. Through their DNA binding capabilities, the SASPs shield the DNA from outside insults (e.g., UV and genotoxic chemicals). The absence of the major SASPs results in spores with reduced viability when exposed to UV light and, in at least one case, the inability to complete sporulation. While the SASPs have been characterized for decades, some evidence suggests that using newer technologies to revisit the roles of the SASPs could reveal novel functions in spore regulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 102844"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1075996424000271/pdfft?md5=43c02569759ce5a7d997c1defcfc5882&pid=1-s2.0-S1075996424000271-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140543038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of existing total anti-toxin B IgG immunity in outcomes of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection","authors":"Isaura Rigo,&nbsp;Mary K. Young,&nbsp;Mayuresh M. Abhyankar,&nbsp;Feifan Xu,&nbsp;Girija Ramakrishnan,&nbsp;Farha Naz,&nbsp;Gregory R. Madden ,&nbsp;William A. Petri","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Late anti-toxin-B humoral immunity acquired after treatment is important for preventing recurrent <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infection. We prospectively-measured anti-toxin-B IgG and neutralization titers at diagnosis as potential early predictors of recurrence. High anti-toxin-B-IgG/neutralizing antibodies were associated with short-lasting protection within 6-weeks, however, no difference in recurrence risk was observed by 90-days post-infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 102842"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1075996424000258/pdfft?md5=0f538c143729db31974658bf8b4a2a0a&pid=1-s2.0-S1075996424000258-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140326265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaching toxigenic Clostridia from a one health perspective","authors":"Laura M. Cersosimo ,&nbsp;Jay N. Worley ,&nbsp;Lynn Bry","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spore-forming pathogens have a unique capacity to thrive in diverse environments, and with temporal persistence afforded through their ability to sporulate. Their prevalence in diverse ecosystems requires a One Health approach to identify critical reservoirs and outbreak-associated transmission chains, given their capacity to freely move across soils, waterways, foodstuffs and as commensals or infecting pathogens in human and animal populations. Among anaerobic spore-formers, genomic resources for pathogens including <em>C</em>. <em>botulinum</em>, <em>C</em>. <em>difficile</em>, and <em>C</em>. <em>perfringens</em> enable our capacity to identify common and unique factors that support their persistence in diverse reservoirs and capacity to cause disease. Publicly available genomic resources for spore-forming pathogens at NCBI's Pathogen Detection program aid outbreak investigations and longitudinal monitoring in national and international programs in public health and food safety, as well as for local healthcare systems. These tools also enable research to derive new knowledge regarding disease pathogenesis, and to inform strategies in disease prevention and treatment. As global community resources, the continued sharing of strain genomic data and phenotypes further enhances international resources and means to develop impactful applications. We present examples showing use of these resources in surveillance, including capacity to assess linkages among clinical, environmental, and foodborne reservoirs and to further research investigations into factors promoting their persistence and virulence in different settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 102839"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140326264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridioides difficile infection promotes gastrointestinal dysfunction in human and mice post-acute phase of the disease","authors":"Deiziane V.S. Costa ,&nbsp;Natalie Pham ,&nbsp;Andrea V. Loureiro ,&nbsp;Suemin E. Yang ,&nbsp;Brian W. Behm ,&nbsp;Cirle A. Warren","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>In the US, <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> (<em>C. difficile</em>) infection (CDI) is the 8th leading cause of hospital readmission and 7th for mortality among all gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Here, we investigated GI dysfunction post-CDI in humans and mice post-acute infection.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>From March 2020 to July 2021, we reviewed the clinical records of 67 patients referred to the UVA Complicated <em>C. difficile c</em>linic for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) eligibility. C57BL/6 mice were infected with <em>C. difficile</em> and clinical scores were determined daily. Stool samples from mice were collected to measure the shedding of <em>C. difficile</em> and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. On day 21 post-infection, Evans's blue and FITC-70kDa methods were performed to evaluate GI motility in mice.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 67 patients evaluated at the <em>C. difficile</em> clinic, 40 patients (59.7%) were confirmed to have CDI, and 22 patients (32.8%) with post-CDI IBS (diarrhea-type, constipation-type, and mixed-type). In infected mice, levels of MPO in stools and clinical score were higher on day 3. On day 21, mice recovered from body weight loss induced by CDI, and fecal MPO was undetectable. The total GI transit time (TGITT) and FITC-70kDa levels on the proximal colon were increased in infected mice (p = 0.002), suggesting a constipation phenotype post-acute phase of CDI. A positive correlation intestinal inflammation on day 3 and TGITT on day 21 was observed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, post-infection intestinal dysfunction occurs in humans and mice post-CDI. Importantly, we have validated in the mouse model that CDI causes abnormal GI transit in the recovery phase of the disease, indicating the potential utility of the model in exploring the underlying mechanisms of post-infectious IBS in humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 102837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial effects of cannabidiol on select agriculturally important Clostridia","authors":"Jourdan E. Lakes ,&nbsp;Jessica L. Ferrell ,&nbsp;Mark A. Berhow ,&nbsp;Michael D. Flythe","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Amino acid-fermenting Clostridia have undesirable effects in agricultural systems, which can be mitigated by antibiotics, but resistance necessitates alternatives. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of cannabidiol on growth and ammonia inhibition of five agriculturally relevant Clostridia: <em>Clostridium sporogenes</em>, <em>Peptostreptococcus</em> spp., <em>Clostridioides difficile</em>, <em>Acetoanaerobium sticklandii</em>, and <em>Clostridium aminophilum</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 102843"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S107599642400026X/pdfft?md5=c4ef856ff01518283ff4498b29dbb0ba&pid=1-s2.0-S107599642400026X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140304465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation stimulates type 2 and tolerogenic immune responses in a mouse model","authors":"G. Brett Moreau ,&nbsp;Farha Naz ,&nbsp;William A. Petri Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infection (CDI) is the leading hospital-acquired infection in North America. While previous work on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a highly effective treatment for CDI, has focused on colonization resistance mounted against <em>C. difficile</em> by FMT-delivered commensals, the effects of FMT on host gene expression are relatively unexplored. This study aims to identify transcriptional changes associated with FMT, particularly changes associated with protective immune responses.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Gene expression was assessed on day 2 and day 7 after FMT in mice after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Flow cytometry was also performed on colon and mesenteric lymph nodes at day 7 to investigate changes in immune cell populations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>FMT administration after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis successfully restored microbial alpha diversity to levels of donor mice by day 7 post-FMT. Bulk RNA sequencing of cecal tissue at day 2 identified immune genes, including both pro-inflammatory and Type 2 immune pathways as upregulated after FMT. RNA sequencing was repeated on day 7 post-FMT, and expression of these immune genes was decreased along with upregulation of genes associated with restoration of intestinal homeostasis. Immunoprofiling on day 7 identified increased colonic CD45⁺ immune cells that exhibited dampened Type 1 and heightened regulatory and Type 2 responses. These include an increased abundance of eosinophils, alternatively activated macrophages, Th2, and T regulatory cell populations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These results highlight the impact of FMT on host gene expression, providing evidence that FMT restores intestinal homeostasis after antibiotic treatment and facilitates tolerogenic and Type 2 immune responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1075996424000246/pdfft?md5=d265c57f3782405811faf04b4a2cd539&pid=1-s2.0-S1075996424000246-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140193151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hungatella hathewayi bacteremia due to acute appendicitis: A case report and a narrative review","authors":"Elie Bou Sanayeh ,&nbsp;Mark Tawfik ,&nbsp;Marina Makram ,&nbsp;Georges Khattar ,&nbsp;Faris Qaqish ,&nbsp;Sudeep Acharya ,&nbsp;Janet Farag ,&nbsp;Michel Chalhoub ,&nbsp;Allison Glaser","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Hungatella</em> species, including <em>Hungatella hathewayi</em> and <em>Hungatella effluvii</em>, previously identified as part of the <em>Clostridium</em> genus, are anaerobic bacteria primarily residing in the gut microbiome, with infrequent implications in human infections. This article presents the case of an 87-year-old Asian male admitted for a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state with septic shock secondary to <em>Hungatella hathewayi</em> bacteremia originating from acute appendicitis. Remarkably, the bacterium was detected in the blood 48 hours before the emergence of clinical and radiographic evidence of acute appendicitis. Additionally, we conducted a literature review to identify all documented human infections caused by <em>Hungatella</em> species. Timely microbial identification in such cases is essential for implementing targeted antibiotic therapy and optimizing clinical outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140193152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic neutrophil degranulation and emergency granulopoiesis in patients with Clostridioides difficile infection","authors":"Girija Ramakrishnan ,&nbsp;Mary K. Young ,&nbsp;Uma Nayak ,&nbsp;Isaura Rigo ,&nbsp;Andrea S. Marrs ,&nbsp;Carol A. Gilchrist ,&nbsp;Brian W. Behm ,&nbsp;Gregory R. Madden ,&nbsp;William A. Petri Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infection (CDI) is characterized by neutrophilia in blood, with a high leukocyte count accompanying severe infection. In this study, we characterized peripheral blood neutrophil activation and maturity in CDI by (i) developing a method to phenotype stored neutrophils for disease-related developmental alterations and (ii) assessing neutrophil-associated biomarkers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We stored fixed leukocytes from blood collected within 24 h of diagnosis from a cohort of hospitalized patients with acute CDI. Additional study cohorts included recurrent CDI patients at time of and two months after FMT therapy and a control healthy cohort. We assessed levels of neutrophil surface markers CD66b, CD11b, CD16 and CD10 by flow cytometry. Plasma neutrophil elastase and lipocalin-2 were measured using ELISA, while G-CSF, GM-CSF and cytokines were measured using O-link Proteomic technology.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>CD66b⁺ neutrophil abundance assessed by flow cytometry correlated well with complete blood counts, establishing that neutrophils in stored blood are sufficiently well-preserved for phenotyping by flow cytometry. Neutrophil abundance was significantly increased in CDI patients compared to healthy controls. Emergency granulopoiesis in acute CDI patients was evidenced by lower neutrophil surface expression of CD10, CD11b and CD16. CD10⁺ staining of neutrophils started to recover within 3–7 days of CDI treatment. Neutrophil activation and degranulation were higher in acute CDI as assessed by plasma neutrophil elastase and lipocalin-2. Biomarker levels in immunocompetent subjects were associated with recurrence and fatal outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Neutrophil activation and emergency granulopoiesis characterize the early immune response in acute CDI, with plasma degranulation biomarkers predictive of disease severity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 102840"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1075996424000234/pdfft?md5=aa52149103a1f2fb220793fad12487e6&pid=1-s2.0-S1075996424000234-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140183511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase of healthcare-onset Clostridioides difficile infection in adult population since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care hospital from 2019 to 2022","authors":"Alfredo Maldonado-Barrueco ,&nbsp;Francisco Moreno-Ramos ,&nbsp;Beatriz Díaz-Pollán ,&nbsp;Belén Loeches-Yagüe ,&nbsp;Alicia Rico-Nieto ,&nbsp;Julio García-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Guillermo Ruiz-Carrascoso","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The aim was to assess the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the prevalence, relative incidence (RI), incidence density (ID), ratio of rate incidence (RRI), rate of incidence density (RID), and relative risks (RR) of healthcare-onset <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infection (HO-CDI) as well as its correlation with the antibiotic consumption.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Demographic and analytical data of adult patients exhibiting diarrhoea and testing positive for <em>C. difficile</em> were systematically collected from a tertiary care hospital in Madrid (Spain). The periods analysed included: prepandemic (P0), first pandemic-year (P1), and second pandemic-year (P2). We compared global prevalence, RI of HO-CDI per 1,000-admissions, ID of HO-CDI per 10,000-patients-days, RRI, RID, and RR. Antibiotic consumption was obtained by number of defined daily dose per 100 patient-days.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In P0, the prevalence of HO-CDI was 7.4% (IC95%: 6.2–8.7); in P1, it increased to 8.7% (IC95%: 7.4–10.1) (<em>p</em> = 0.2), and in P2, it continued to increase to 9.2% (IC95%: 8–10.6) (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). During P1, the RRI was 1.5 and RID was 1.4. However, during P2 there was an increase in RRI to 1.6 and RID to 1.6. The RR also reflected the increase in HO-CDI: at P1, the probability of developing HO-CDI was 1.5 times (IC95%: 1.2–1.9) higher than P0, while at P2, this probability increased to 1.6 times (IC95%: 1.3–2.1). There was an increase in prevalence, RI, ID, RR, RRI, and RID during the two postpandemic periods respect to the prepandemic period. During P2, this increase was greater than the P1. Meropenem showed a statistically significant difference increased consumption (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) during the pandemic period. Oral vancomycin HO-CDI treatment showed an increase during the period of study (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Implementation of infection control measures during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic did not appear to alleviate the burden of HO-CDI. The escalation in HO-CDI cases did not exhibit a correlation with overall antibiotic consumption, except for meropenem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140012054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low usefulness of reporting tonsillar PCR Ct-values in pharyngeal infections with Fusobacterium necrophorum","authors":"David Nygren ,&nbsp;Lisa Wasserstrom ,&nbsp;Gustav Torisson ,&nbsp;Karin Holm","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tonsillar <em>Fusobacterium necrophorum</em> PCR Ct-values were higher in participants with asymptomatic tonsillar carriage than patients with pharyngeal infections. However, Ct-values were not associated with severity of disease or predictive of development of complications and hence lacked clinical usefulness. The reporting of <em>F. necrophorum</em> Ct-values in clinical samples is not recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102831"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1075996424000143/pdfft?md5=9a9056f69283f4c14e460c8b518e5e0b&pid=1-s2.0-S1075996424000143-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139899252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}