Anaerobe最新文献

{"title":"Laboratory diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection: past, present and future.","authors":"Frédéric Barbut, Imane Mostaghat, Muriel Ehmig, Yasmine Roukoz-Diab, Jeanne Couturier","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic enteropathogen responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical diseases ranging from mild diarrhoea to pseudomembranous colitis or toxic megacolon. It is the main cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea, but community-associated Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) have been increasingly reported in the past few years. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the methods and most recommended strategy, and a brief description of the main pitfalls and new developments in CDI diagnosis. Underdiagnosis still remains important due to a lack of physicians' awareness for CDI. Appropriate selection of stool samples, and implementation of rejection criteria at the lab level are essential to provide an accurate diagnosis of CDI. Methods used for the diagnosis are usually classified into 3 groups according to their targets: those detecting the presence of C. difficile (culture, enzyme immunoassays [EIA] for glutamate dehydrogenase [GDH]), those detecting free toxins in stools (EIA for toxins) and those detecting a toxigenic C. difficile strain (nucleic acid amplification test [NAAT], toxigenic culture). No stand-alone method can be used for the CDI diagnosis. The European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) recommends a two-step algorithm with a sensitive screening test (NAAT or GDH EIA). If the screening test is negative, the CDI diagnosis can be ruled out. If the screening test is positive, a second highly specific test targeting free toxins should be used, such as EIA for toxin A/B. Implementing this strategy enables a better accuracy of CDI diagnosis, thus improving patient's management and clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":" ","pages":"102974"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culture Performance of the Fastidious Anaerobe Agar for Frequent Anaerobic Bacteria and Potential Application in EUCAST Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.","authors":"Katrine Agerbo Hovmand, Ziyap Acar, Emil Ainsworth Jochumsen, Sanne Malig, Jens Kjeldsen, Dorte Kinggaard Holm, Anna Christine Nilsson, Torkell Ellingsen, Maja Skov Kragsnaes, Ulrik Stenz Justesen","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The culture performance of the fastidious anaerobe agar (FAA-HB) was evaluated for fecal samples and candidate-species for EUCAST antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Thirty-six anaerobic species were cultured from fecal samples and most EUCAST candidate-species exhibited confluent growth within 16-20 hours. The FAA-HB performed excellent for both culture and AST of a broad spectrum of anaerobic bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":" ","pages":"102972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A metabolite dehydrogenase pathway represses sporulation of Clostridioides difficile","authors":"Daniela Wetzel ,&nbsp;Arshad Rizvi ,&nbsp;Adrianne N. Edwards ,&nbsp;Shonna M. McBride","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><em>Clostridioides difficile</em> is a major gastrointestinal pathogen that is transmitted as a dormant spore. As an intestinal pathogen, <em>C. difficile</em> must contend with variable environmental conditions, including fluctuations in pH and nutrient availability. Nutrition and pH both influence growth and spore formation, but how pH and nutrition jointly influence sporulation are not known. In this study, we investigated the dual impact of pH and pH-dependent metabolism on <em>C. difficile</em> sporulation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined the impacts of pH and the metabolite acetoin on <em>C. difficile</em> growth, gene expression, and sporulation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found that expression of the predicted acetoin dehydrogenase operon, <em>CD0035-CD0039</em>, was pH-dependent and repressed by acetoin and pyruvate. Regulation of the <em>C. difficile CD0035-CD0039</em> locus is distinct from characterized orthologous systems and appears to involve a co-transcribed DeoR-family regulator, rather than a sigma⁵⁴-dependent activator. In addition, an <em>CD0036</em> null mutant produced significantly more spores and initiated sporulation earlier than the parent strain. However, unlike other Firmicutes, growth and culture density of <em>C. difficile</em> was not increased by acetoin availability or disruption of the dehydrogenase pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Together, these results indicate that acetoin, pH, and the <em>CD0036-CD0039</em> dehydrogenase pathway play important roles in nutritional repression of sporulation in <em>C. difficile</em>. However, the data do not support the involvement of the CD0036-CD0039 pathway in acetoin metabolism and acetoin is not a significant stationary phase energy source for <em>C. difficile</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Disc Diffusion and Sensititre® Broth Microdilution Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacteroides fragilis Group clinical isolates following the French Guidelines.","authors":"Gauthier Delvallez, Laure Diancourt, Julie Germond, Pascal Campagne, Bruno Dupuy","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the concordance between the disc diffusion test (DDT) and custom-designed Sensititre® Broth Microdilution plates and to estimate their respective sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) clinical isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AST was performed on 126 BFG isolates using both DDT and Sensititre® methods according to the 2024 CA-SFM guidelines. Cohen's kappa coefficients were used to assess concordance, while a Bayesian approach estimated Se and Sp with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC), piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ), imipenem (IPM), clindamycin (CLI), metronidazole (MTR), and moxifloxacin (MXF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cohen's kappa coefficients with 95% CIs for AMC, PTZ, IPM, CLI, MTR, and MXF were 0.92 (0.85-1.00), 0.70 (0.56-0.83), 0.96 (0.92-1.00), 0.98 (0.94-1.00), 0.96 (0.89-1.00), and 0.70 (0.58-0.82), respectively. DDT demonstrated Se > 0.8 for all antibiotics, and Sp > 0.8 except for PTZ (0.51; 0.37-0.65) and CLI (0.71; 0.58-0.82). Sensititre® exhibited Se > 0.9 for all antibiotics except for PTZ (0.86; 0.70-0.99), and Sp > 0.9 except for MXF (0.88; 0.75-0.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DDT and Sensititre® Broth Microdilution demonstrated strong concordance for most antibiotics. Predictive values estimated using Bayesian model showed that Sensititre® offered the highest overall Se and Sp.</p>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":" ","pages":"102969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic analysis and mobile genetic elements carriage of Clostridium perfringens type A","authors":"Yajun Jiang ,&nbsp;Haoran Zheng ,&nbsp;Lulu Bai,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Wang,&nbsp;Jiaxin Zhong,&nbsp;Wenzhu Zhang,&nbsp;Telong Xu,&nbsp;Yuanhang Pan,&nbsp;Jingjing Tang,&nbsp;Jinxing Lu,&nbsp;Bike Zhang,&nbsp;Yuan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore a comprehensive genomic analysis of <em>Clostridium perfringens</em> type A strains from diverse regions in China, investigating their virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) to inform strategies for infection control and resistance gene surveillance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted whole-genome sequencing on 168 <em>C. perfringens</em> type A strains from nine provinces in China (2016–2021). Previously described alpha-toxin (PLC) sequence typing for <em>C. perfringens</em> was used for comparisons with core genome multilocus sequence typing. Virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, and MGEs, including CRISPR/Cas, prophages, and plasmids of <em>C. perfringens</em> type A were investigated by molecular and bioinformatic methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PLC type II contained the largest number of isolates (n = 44). The same type strains were largely clustered in the same branches. Tetracycline resistance genes <em>tetA(P)</em> and <em>tetB(P)</em> had high prevalence in type A isolates. 395 prophages were predicted including 265 “incomplete,” 55 “questionable,” and 75 “intact” prophages. CRISPR/Cas systems were more common in isolates from humans (63 %) than in those from animals and food (52 % and 46 %, respectively). Fifty-seven percent of strains likely had the tcp conjugation locus (<em>tcpC</em> to <em>tcpH</em>), and 12 isolates likely carried the conjugative pCW3 plasmid. Type A strains exhibited fewer plasmid-encoded toxins.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>cgMLST analysis demonstrated some micro-evolution and regional transmission trends within type A, which exhibited partial correlated with PLC typing. This study highlights the need for enhanced surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity-associated MGEs in <em>C. perfringens</em> type A.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of Bacteroides pyogenes infections: A combined analysis of 34 cases from a Japanese tertiary hospital and 29 cases from the literature","authors":"Tomonori Takano ,&nbsp;Haruka Koji ,&nbsp;Tadatomo Oyanagi ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Kunishima","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diseases such as cholangitis and sinusitis may be caused by <em>Bacteroides pyogenes</em>, frequently isolated from patients with underlying malignancies. Head and neck infections involving <em>B. pyogenes</em> have high recurrence rates and may require 1–3 months of antibiotic therapy. Careful monitoring and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing these infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An older man with Bifidobacterium breve bacteremia, a rare condition in adults: A case report","authors":"Miku Muramatsu ,&nbsp;Dai Akine ,&nbsp;Teppei Sasahara ,&nbsp;Takayuki Suzuki ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Tamura ,&nbsp;Takayuki Kaburagi ,&nbsp;Shinya Watanabe","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bifidobacterium breve</em> is an anaerobic, gram-positive rod commonly found in the human intestinal microbiota. While rarely associated with bacteremia, most cases occur in neonates receiving <em>B. breve</em>-containing probiotics. Here, we report a rare case of <em>B. breve</em> bacteremia in an 80-year-old man presenting in cardiopulmonary arrest, despite not taking <em>B. breve</em>-containing probiotics. Blood cultures identified <em>B. breve</em>, and an 18-day course of antibiotics resolved the bacteremia. The rarity of adult cases may reflect age-related microbiota shifts and potential underdiagnosis due to the limited accuracy of rapid identification kits used in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genus Fervidobacterium, its thermoenzymes and biotechnological potential: an integrative review","authors":"Bruna Kelly de Oliveira Silva ,&nbsp;José do Carmo Barbosa Neto ,&nbsp;Laisa Gabriele Batista de Jesus ,&nbsp;Fabrício Motteran ,&nbsp;Marcos Antonio De Morais Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Fervidobacterium</em> has only seven described species to date, namely <em>F. changbaicum</em>, <em>F. gondwanense</em>, <em>F. islandicum</em>, <em>F. nodosum</em>, <em>F. pennivorans</em>, <em>F. riparium</em> and <em>F. thailandense</em>. These species were first isolated from places with high thermal amplitude, such as hot springs and sites that originated from volcanic activity. With temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 90 °C, they are characteristically considered hyperthermophilic. This genus belongs to the phylum Thermotoga, composed of families of extremophilic organisms, that is, adapted to inhospitable environments. The genus is considered strictly anaerobic and heterotrophic and is widely reported in the literature regarding its biochemical machinery, as it produces a wide variety of enzymes capable of metabolising the most diverse carbon sources. It stands out for the degradation of mostly keratinolytic substrates, such as those composed of feathers of native birds. Therefore, this literature review aimed to gather information about the genus and its enzymology. There are few recent studies that outline the genus <em>Fervidobacterium</em> and the biotechnological and commercial potential added to the genus. The enzymes produced by these species are resistant to several detergents and organic solvents and have a high and remarkable thermal stability. Consequently, these microorganisms hold significant biotechnological potential across various industrial sectors and are also promising candidates for environmental remediation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridioides difficile is a bacterial priority pathogen","authors":"Wiep Klaas Smits ,&nbsp;Kevin W. Garey ,&nbsp;Thomas V. Riley ,&nbsp;Stuart Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102965","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102965"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CDBN-YGXZ shows highly antibacterial activity against Clostridioides difficile as a potential candidate drug","authors":"Xiaoxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Min Quan ,&nbsp;Xin Lu ,&nbsp;Linwan Zhang ,&nbsp;Bing Guang ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Zong ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anaerobe.2025.102964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CDBN-YGXZ shows a low minimal inhibitory concentration range from 0.015 to 0.125 mg/L against clinical <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> strains with diverse genotypes, hardly induces bacterial resistance, and intensively inhibits 86.2 % of <em>C. difficile</em> adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells Caco-2. CDBN-YGXZ shows highly antibacterial activity and is potentially a candidate as a therapeutic drug.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8050,"journal":{"name":"Anaerobe","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}